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Tipam Sandstone

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Journal Article

Petrological and Geochemical Characterization of Miocene Tipam Sandstone in Parts of Cachar Fold Belt, Northeast India Available to Purchase

Meghali Baruah, N. Pandey
Published: 01 July 2023
Jour. Geol. Soc. India (2023) 99 (7): 917–928.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-023-2413-y
...Meghali Baruah; N. Pandey Abstract Miocene Tipam Sandstone Formation in parts of Cachar Fold Belt, Northeast India has been studied using petrographic and geochemical attributes to investigate the composition, paleoweathering, tectonic setting, and source rock characteristics. It comprises...
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View PDF for article title, Petrological and Geochemical Characterization of Miocene <span class="search-highlight">Tipam</span> <span class="search-highlight">Sandstone</span> in Parts of Cachar Fold Belt, Northeast India
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Field photographs showing (a) Lithological attributes of Tipam Sandstone Formation. (b) Herringbone cross – stratification, Pen for scale. (c) Flame structure, Pen for scale. (d) Salt &amp; pepper texture, Pencil for scale. (e) Wedge shape coal clast in medium to coarse grained sandstone, Pen for scale. (f) Ripple drift cross laminations, Coin for scale

Field photographs showing ( a) Lithological attributes of Tipam Sandstone ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2023
Fig. 3. Field photographs showing ( a) Lithological attributes of Tipam Sandstone Formation. ( b) Herringbone cross – stratification, Pen for scale. ( c) Flame structure, Pen for scale. ( d) Salt & pepper texture, Pencil for scale. ( e) Wedge shape coal clast in medium to coarse grained
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QFR plot of Tipam Sandstone (after Pettijohn et al., 1972).

QFR plot of Tipam Sandstone (after Pettijohn et al., 1972 ). Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2023
Fig. 4. QFR plot of Tipam Sandstone (after Pettijohn et al., 1972 ).
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Photomicrographs of Tipam Sandstone showing (a) Monocrystalline quartz (Qm), Biotite showing kink bending (red arrow), Physillite (Ph), Felsic igneous rock fragment (Ig); (b) Monocrystalline quartz (Qm), Rock fragment converted into matrix (Mx, red arrow), Physillites (Ph), Polycrystalline quartz (Qp); (c) Chert (Ch), Iron - oxide cement (Fe), Matrix (Mx); (d) Iron - oxide cement (Fe), Monocrystalline quartz (Qm), Matrix (Mx), Gneissic rock fragment (Gn), Physillite (Ph); (e) Physillite (Ph), Monocrystalline quartz (Qm), Iron - oxide cement (Fe); (f) Muscovite (M), Monocrystalline quartz (Qm), Matrix (Mx), Point &amp; concavo – convex grain contacts (yellow circle); (g) Plagioclase feldspar (PF, red arrow), Fracturing of grains due to compaction (red arrow); (h) Monocrystalline undulatory quartz (UQ); SEM images showing (i) Smectite; (j) Kaolinite books; (k) Plagioclase Feldspar; (l) Quartz (Q)

Photomicrographs of Tipam Sandstone showing (a) Monocrystalline quartz (Q... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2023
Fig. 5. Photomicrographs of Tipam Sandstone showing (a) Monocrystalline quartz (Qm), Biotite showing kink bending (red arrow), Physillite (Ph), Felsic igneous rock fragment (Ig); ( b) Monocrystalline quartz (Qm), Rock fragment converted into matrix (Mx, red arrow), Physillites (Ph
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Photomicrographs of Tipam Sandstone showing (a) Overall framework constituents (PPL), Monocrystalline quartz (Qm), Iron - oxide / Ferruginous cement (Fe), Matrix (Mx), Syntaxial overgrowth (red arrow); (b) Overall framework constituents (PPL), Dissolution of rock fragment (yellow circles), Precipitation of silica cement and Syntaxial overgrowth (red circle), Precipitation of silica cement (red arrow); (c) Dissolution of Plagioclase Feldspar (red arrow); Precipitation of silica cement (yellow cement); (d) Plagioclase feldspar (PF), Iron - oxide / Ferruginous cement (Fe), Precipitation of silica cement (yellow cement), Physillite (Ph), Chert (Ch); (e) Physillite (Ph), Warping of muscovite (M); (f) Quartz overgrowths show syntaxial overgrowth enlarging the grains imparting euhedral outline to the quartz grains (yellow arrow); (g) Albitized feldspar (red arrow) showing dissolution texture (yellow arrow); (h) Albitized feldspar with inclusions showing relatively low relief (red arrow)

Photomicrographs of Tipam Sandstone showing (a) Overall framework constit... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2023
Fig. 6. Photomicrographs of Tipam Sandstone showing (a) Overall framework constituents (PPL), Monocrystalline quartz (Qm), Iron - oxide / Ferruginous cement (Fe), Matrix (Mx), Syntaxial overgrowth (red arrow); (b) Overall framework constituents (PPL), Dissolution of rock fragment (yellow
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Photomicrographs of Tipam Sandstone showing (a – e) Zircon; (f – i) Staurolite; (j – k) Garnet; (l – o) Schorlite (Tourmaline); (p – q) Rutile; (r – s) Zoisite; (t) Iron oxide (Opaque heavy minerals)

Photomicrographs of Tipam Sandstone showing (a – e) Zircon; (f – i) Sta... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2023
Fig. 7. Photomicrographs of Tipam Sandstone showing (a – e) Zircon; (f – i) Staurolite; (j – k) Garnet; (l – o) Schorlite (Tourmaline); (p – q) Rutile; (r – s) Zoisite; (t) Iron oxide (Opaque heavy minerals)
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Geochemical classification of Tipam Sandstone based on (a) log (SiO2/Al2O3) vs. log (Na2O/K2O) plot after Pettijohn et al. (1972); (b) log (SiO2/Al2O3) vs. log (Fe2O3/K2O) plot after Herron (1988)

Geochemical classification of Tipam Sandstone based on (a) log (SiO 2 /Al... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2023
Fig. 8. Geochemical classification of Tipam Sandstone based on (a) log (SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ) vs. log (Na 2 O/K 2 O) plot after Pettijohn et al. (1972) ; (b) log (SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ) vs. log (Fe 2 O 3 /K 2 O) plot after Herron (1988)
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Tectonic setting discrimination diagrams for the Tipam Sandstone (a) after Roser and Korsch (1986); (b) – (d) after Bhatia (1983); where A = Oceanic Island Arc, B = Continental Island Arc, C = Active continental Margin (ACM), D = Passive continental Margin (PM). The sandstones dominantly plot in the passive continental margin field, suggesting a stable continental setting.

Tectonic setting discrimination diagrams for the Tipam Sandstone (a) afte... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2023
Fig. 9. Tectonic setting discrimination diagrams for the Tipam Sandstone (a) after Roser and Korsch (1986) ; (b) – (d) after Bhatia (1983) ; where A = Oceanic Island Arc, B = Continental Island Arc, C = Active continental Margin (ACM), D = Passive continental Margin (PM). The sandstones
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(A) QtFL plot showing the position of Tipam Sandstone in the recycled orogenic provenance field. (B) QmFLt plot showing the position of Tipam Sandstone in the quartzose recycled and mixed provenance field (after, Dickinson et al., 1983)

(A) Q t FL plot showing the position of Tipam Sandstone in the recycled or... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2023
Fig. 12. (A) Q t FL plot showing the position of Tipam Sandstone in the recycled orogenic provenance field. ( B) Q m FL t plot showing the position of Tipam Sandstone in the quartzose recycled and mixed provenance field (after, Dickinson et al., 1983 )
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Discriminant functions F1 and F2 are plotted for the Tipam Sandstone of the study area (after Roser and Korsch, 1988)

Discriminant functions F1 and F2 are plotted for the Tipam Sandstone of the... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2023
Fig. 13. Discriminant functions F1 and F2 are plotted for the Tipam Sandstone of the study area (after Roser and Korsch, 1988 ) Discriminant function I = (–1.773×TiO 2 ) + (0.607×Al 2 O 3 ) + (0.760×Fe 2 O 3 ) + (–1.5×MgO) + (0.616×CaO) + (0.509×Na 2 O) + (–1.224×K 2 O) + (–9.090
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XRD analysis of Tipam Sandstones

XRD analysis of Tipam Sandstones Available to Purchase

Published: 01 April 2024
Fig. 7. XRD analysis of Tipam Sandstones
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Petrographic classification of Tipam Sandstones (Pettijohn, Potter and Siever, 1973)

Petrographic classification of Tipam Sandstones ( Pettijohn, Potter and Sie... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 April 2024
Fig. 5. Petrographic classification of Tipam Sandstones ( Pettijohn, Potter and Siever, 1973 )
Journal Article

Seismic Texture of Tertiary Successions: Insights from Tipam and Barail Formations in the Upper Assam Basin, NE India Open Access

Priyadarshi Chinmoy Kumar, Kalachand Sain
Published: 01 December 2022
Jour. Geol. Soc. India (2022) 98 (12): 1671–1679.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-022-2236-2
... chaotic and high homogeneity of reflections indicate the occurrence of fluviatile environment that prevailed during the deposition of the Tipam sandstone unit. It is observed that structural compartments within the Miocene interval act as different trap networks for encasing migrated hydrocarbons from...
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View PDF for article title, Seismic Texture of Tertiary Successions: Insights from <span class="search-highlight">Tipam</span> and Barail Formations in the Upper Assam Basin, NE India
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Journal Article

A Comparative Heavy Mineral Study of the Cenozoic Sediments of Assam and Siwalik Foreland Basins, Northeast Himalaya Available to Purchase

Priti Rai, Biraj Borgohain, Nisha Chettri, George Mathew
Published: 01 November 2020
Jour. Geol. Soc. India (2020) 96 (5): 475–484.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-020-1585-y
..., pyroxene and sphene) in the Mio-Pliocene unit (Tipam sandstone) compared to Barail and Surma older units, implying involvement of an additional orogenic source. This study suggests that NE Siwalik sediments were primarily derived from Himalayan rocks of the Siang window, while heavies in the detritus...
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View PDF for article title, A Comparative Heavy Mineral Study of the Cenozoic Sediments of Assam and Siwalik Foreland Basins, Northeast Himalaya
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Photomicrograph of Tipam Sandstones: (a) Quartz overgrowth (yellow arrow), formation of pseudomatrix (red arrow) and plagioclase (blue arrow), (b) Feldspar dissolution (yellow arrow) and siliceous cement (red arrow), (c) Fracturing of quartz (yellow arrow) and mica dissolution (blue arrow), and (d) Kink mica (yellow arrow)

Photomicrograph of Tipam Sandstones: ( a ) Quartz overgrowth (yellow arrow)... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 April 2024
Fig. 6. Photomicrograph of Tipam Sandstones: ( a ) Quartz overgrowth (yellow arrow), formation of pseudomatrix (red arrow) and plagioclase (blue arrow), ( b ) Feldspar dissolution (yellow arrow) and siliceous cement (red arrow), ( c ) Fracturing of quartz (yellow arrow) and mica dissolution (blue
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SEM photomicrograph of Tipam Sandstones: (a) kaolinite clay with typical ‘stacking of book pattern’ (yellow), (b) feldspar alteration (yellow), (c) flaky illite (yellow), (d) precipitation of chlorite clay over quartz (yellow), (e) pore filling smectite (yellow), and (f) Mixed layer of smectite-illite (yellow)

SEM photomicrograph of Tipam Sandstones: ( a ) kaolinite clay with typical ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 April 2024
Fig. 8. SEM photomicrograph of Tipam Sandstones: ( a ) kaolinite clay with typical ‘stacking of book pattern’ (yellow), ( b ) feldspar alteration (yellow), ( c ) flaky illite (yellow), ( d ) precipitation of chlorite clay over quartz (yellow), ( e ) pore filling smectite (yellow), and ( f ) Mixed
Journal Article

Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of the Quartz Overgrowths Within Neogene Sandstones of Bengal Basin, Bangladesh Available to Purchase

Md. Badrul Imam
Published: 01 November 1986
Jour. Geol. Soc. India (1986) 28 (5): 407–413.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/1986/280503
..., are less common in Bokabil sandstones, While they are rare in Tipam sandstones. The growth of authigenic quartz proceeds from initial incipient and isolated quartz crystals to advance-terminated and euhedral quartz overgrowth completely engulfing the host detrital grain - the latter being formed...
View PDF for article title, Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of the Quartz Overgrowths Within Neogene <span class="search-highlight">Sandstones</span> of Bengal Basin, Bangladesh
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Journal Article

Sedimentation and tectonics of the Sylhet trough, Bangladesh Available to Purchase

SAMUEL Y. JOHNSON, ABU MD. NUR ALAM
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 November 1991
GSA Bulletin (1991) 103 (11): 1513–1527.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<1513:SATOTS>2.3.CO;2
... when the fluvial Tipam Sandstone and Dupi Tila Formation were deposited. This dramatic subsidence change is attributed to south-directed overthrusting of the Shillong Plateau on the Dauki fault for the following reasons. (1) Pliocene and Pleistocene strata thin markedly away from the Shillong Plateau...
View PDF for article title, Sedimentation and tectonics of the Sylhet trough, Bangladesh
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Journal Article

Geochemical Characterization of Source Rock from the North Bank Area, Upper Assam Basin Available to Purchase

Archana Devi, Shivananda Boruah, G. B. Gilfellon
Published: 01 April 2017
Jour. Geol. Soc. India (2017) 89 (4): 429–434.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-017-0625-8
... with some Type II organic matter. They are predominantly gas prone in nature, although mixed and oil-prone source rocks are occasionally present. Although source rock intervals have been identified in the Langpar, Sylhet limestone and Kopili formations, the Barail Group and the Tipam sandstone Formation...
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View PDF for article title, Geochemical Characterization of Source Rock from the North Bank Area, Upper Assam Basin
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Predicted water saturation section. BAS = Barail arenaceous sandstones; TS = Tipam sandstones; TWT = two-way traveltime.

Predicted water saturation section. BAS = Barail arenaceous sandstones; TS ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 January 2022
Figure 17. Predicted water saturation section. BAS = Barail arenaceous sandstones; TS = Tipam sandstones; TWT = two-way traveltime.