Figure 7 —Gross pay isopach map, third Bone Spring sandstone, Red Hills field. Locations indicate third Bone Spring sandstone penetrations. Data courtesy of Larry Brooks.

Figure 9 —Type log, productive third Bone Spring sandstone section, War-Wink field, Ward County, Texas.

Figure 6 —Structural cross section, Red Hills field, showing two productive sandstone intervals within the third Bone Spring sandstone unit. See Figure 7 for location of cross section. Data courtesy of Larry Brooks.

). Intervals: 3BSPG_SS = Third Bone Spring sandstones; WC_SH_A = Wolfcamp shale Alpha; L_WC_SH_B = lower Wolfcamp shale Beta; U_WC_SH_B = upper Wolfcamp shale Beta; WC_XY_SS = Wolfcamp X and Y sandstones.

Figure 5 —Type log, Red Hills field (Lea County, New Mexico), showing two reservoir sandstone intervals within the third Bone Spring sandstone. Log is from the 1 Hallwood 12 Federal well (Sec. 12, T25S, R33E). Data courtesy of Larry Brooks.

Figure 8 —Red Hills field production data. Decline curves are for (A) 4 Diamond 7 Federal well, (B) 1 Hallwood 12 Federal well, and (C) all third Bone Spring sandstone production. Data are for January 1994 through December 1996.

lithology (gray = shale, blue = carbonate, yellow = silt). Track 3 = interpreted stratigraphy. 3rd Bone Spring SS = Third Bone Spring sandstone; WCMP SH A = Wolfcamp shale Alpha; WCMP SH B = Wolfcamp shale Beta; WCMP XY SS = Wolfcamp X and Y sandstone.

Figure 2. Radar plots for produced waters (PWs) in the Delaware Basin (DB), arranged stratigraphically by producing facies. (A) The shallowest unit is the Third Bone Spring sandstone (3rd Bone Spring SS), and (B) the deepest unit is the lower Wolfcamp shale Beta (WCMP SH B). Red arrows indicate

exchange (albitization), dolomitization (Ca-Mg exchange), and Na-Ca ion exchange. Permian seawater plots within the red circle. Adapted from Engle et al. (2016) . 3BSPG_SS = Third Bone Spring sandstone; L_WC_SH_B = lower Wolfcamp shale Beta; U_WC_SH_B = upper Wolfcamp shale Beta; WC_SH_A = Wolfcamp shale

in the text ( Table 3 ). 3BSPG_SS = Third Delaware Basin Bone Spring sandstones; Cum WOR = cumulative WOR; L_WC_SH_B = lower WC_SH Beta; U_WC_SH_B = upper WC_SH Beta; WC_SH_A = WC_SH Alpha; WC_XY_SS = Wolfcamp X and Y sandstones.

1, Q2 = Quarry Profile 2, E-H = East-Hill Trench. Sketches not to scale. Time 1: Deposition of dinosaur bones, pebbles, claystone fragments, and spring carbonate fragments, cemented by micrite. Time 2: Increased fluvial activity deposits a second and possibly third bone accumulation, along

Figure 10 —Structure and reservoir maps, War-Wink field. (A) Top of the Wolfcampian structure, (B) net sandstone in the third Bone Spring interval, and (C) net pay with porosity of 5% or greater, Wolfcampian interval. Data suggest that sand deposition was largely controlled by Wolfcampian

Figure 2. (a) Visualization of the Bone Spring Formation in a slope setting. The blue and green horizons represent the bases and tops (respectively) of siliciclastic lowstand systems tracts in this otherwise carbonate setting. (b) Isochron map of the basin-floor fan of the Third Sandstone (5

, represented by the maximum observed total dissolved solids (TDS) of 395,000 ppm reported by O’Neil et al. (1986) . 3BSPG_SS = Third Delaware Basin Bone Spring sandstones; Frac_W = Midland Basin surface water; L_WC_SH_B = lower Wolfcamp shale Beta; SMOW = standard mean ocean water; U_WC_SH_B = upper Wolfcamp

observed TDS of 395,000 ppm reported by O’Neil et al. (1986) . 3BSPG_SS = Third Delaware Basin Bone Spring sandstones; Frac_W = Midland Basin surface water; Grp = group ( Saller and Steuber, 2018 ); LMW = local meteoric water; Prod W = produced water; SMOW = standard mean ocean water; WC_SH_Water

with evaporite minerals halite and gypsum-anhydrite, represented by the maximum observed TDS of 395,000 ppm reported by O’Neil et al. (1986) . 3BSPG_SS = Third DB Bone Spring sandstones; Frac_W = Midland Basin surface water; LMW = local meteoric water; L_WC_SH_B = lower Wolfcamp shale Beta; SMOW = standard mean

Figure 1. (a) Seismic transect showing the expression of members of the Permian Bone Spring Formation of the Delaware Basin in a basin-floor setting. Horizon labels refer to the top of each stratigraphic unit. A basin-floor fan is present between the Third Sand–BFF and Wolfcamp horizons. Logs

= Ordovician Simpson; P A = Pennsylvanian Atoka/Morrow; P BS1 = Permian First Bone Spring; P BS2 = Permain Second Bone Spring; P BS3 = Permian Third Bone Spring; P C = Permian Clearfork (Midland Basin) and Permian Cutoff Formation (Delaware Basin); P D = Permian Dean; P DBC = Permian Delaware Mountain