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Thanet Sand Formation

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Image
Simplified stratigraphy for the Thanet Sand Formation and Lambeth Group. The depositional sequences follow the interpretation by Knox (1996) of the early Palaeogene succession of southeast England. PETM = Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum.
Published: 01 March 2017
Fig. 2. Simplified stratigraphy for the Thanet Sand Formation and Lambeth Group. The depositional sequences follow the interpretation by Knox (1996) of the early Palaeogene succession of southeast England. PETM = Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum.
Journal Article
Journal: Clay Minerals
Published: 01 March 2017
Clay Minerals (2017) 52 (1): 25–50.
...Fig. 2. Simplified stratigraphy for the Thanet Sand Formation and Lambeth Group. The depositional sequences follow the interpretation by Knox (1996) of the early Palaeogene succession of southeast England. PETM = Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum. ...
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First thumbnail for: Mineralogical and geochemical characterisation of ...
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Series: SEPM Special Publication
Published: 01 January 1995
DOI: 10.2110/pec.95.04.0275
EISBN: 9781565760912
... Abstract Ormesby Clay Formation mudstones in eastern Norfolk are the oldest upper Paleocene deposits (Chron C26r) of southern England. The base of the type Thanet Sand Formation (= start of the Thanetian Stage) is approximately 0.65 my younger (C26n). C25n is missing from the stratigraphic...
Journal Article
Published: 01 February 2009
Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology (2009) 42 (1): 5–20.
..., the tunnel alignment was unable to avoid the lower Palaeogene deposits of the Lambeth Group, and Thanet Sand Formation, as well as the underlying Chalk. These deposits were found to contain hazardous features, such as sand-filled channels, sub-artesian groundwater and hard ground, complicated further...
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First thumbnail for: The impact of adverse geological conditions on the...
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Third thumbnail for: The impact of adverse geological conditions on the...
Journal Article
Published: 09 September 2020
Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology (2021) 54 (2): qjegh2020-024.
... Formation to Woolwich Formation) and the increasing presence of Thanet Sand Formation along the North Downs, east of approximately Leatherhead). The resulting ground model requires detailed knowledge of the microstructures of the chalk, the facies variation of Paleocene and Pliocene deposits, and temperate...
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First thumbnail for: Development of the ground model for the Clay-with-...
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Image
Piezometric amplitude v. distance from River Thames. RTD, River Terrace Deposits; chalk, Chalk Group; UF/TS, Upnor Formation/Thanet Sand Formation.
Published: 15 January 2018
Fig. 6. Piezometric amplitude v. distance from River Thames. RTD, River Terrace Deposits; chalk, Chalk Group; UF/TS, Upnor Formation/Thanet Sand Formation.
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Neutron porosity and density (Dn) borehole geophysical logs for five boreholes in east London separated by 7 km. The upper part of the logs (pale yellow) is in the Palaeogene Thanet Sands Formation and the lower part is in the Seaford Chalk Formation.
Published: 01 November 2011
Fig. 15 Neutron porosity and density (Dn) borehole geophysical logs for five boreholes in east London separated by 7 km. The upper part of the logs (pale yellow) is in the Palaeogene Thanet Sands Formation and the lower part is in the Seaford Chalk Formation.
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Farringdon Station geology (Davis & Duarte 2015). MG, made ground; RTD, River Terrace deposits; LG, Lambeth Group; UMB, Upper Mottled Beds; LMB, Lower Mottled Beds; LB, Laminated Beds; LSB, Lower Shelley Beds; UF, Upnor Formation; TS, Thanet Sand Formation.
Published: 15 May 2019
Fig. 7. Farringdon Station geology ( Davis & Duarte 2015 ). MG, made ground; RTD, River Terrace deposits; LG, Lambeth Group; UMB, Upper Mottled Beds; LMB, Lower Mottled Beds; LB, Laminated Beds; LSB, Lower Shelley Beds; UF, Upnor Formation; TS, Thanet Sand Formation.
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Representative XRD traces of typical clay mineral assemblages from the Late Paleocene and Early Eocene (a) Ormesby Clay Formation, (b) Thanet Sand Formation, (c) Upnor Formation, (d) Woolwich Formation, (e) Reading Formation, (f) Harwich Formation. S = smectite, I = illite, K = kaolin, C = chlorite, HC = heulandite-clinoptilolite, Q = quartz.
Published: 01 March 2006
F ig . 10. Representative XRD traces of typical clay mineral assemblages from the Late Paleocene and Early Eocene (a) Ormesby Clay Formation, (b) Thanet Sand Formation, (c) Upnor Formation, (d) Woolwich Formation, (e) Reading Formation, (f) Harwich Formation. S = smectite, I = illite, K = kaolin
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(a) BSEM image showing the fracturing of granules that occurs during glaucony evolution (arrows). This indicates in situ evolution of the granules because reworking would disperse the fragments. Scale bar = 500 µm. (b) BSEM image of nascent glaucony (NG) from the Thanet Sand Formation. Relict crystalline textures suggest that the glaucony has replaced a volcanic rock fragment. Scale bar = 50 µm.
Published: 01 March 2017
Fig. 4. (a) BSEM image showing the fracturing of granules that occurs during glaucony evolution (arrows). This indicates in situ evolution of the granules because reworking would disperse the fragments. Scale bar = 500 µm. (b) BSEM image of nascent glaucony (NG) from the Thanet Sand Formation
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Three-dimensional geological map of London (UK) viewed looking from the west across London towards the Thames estuary in the east. For detailed discussion, see Royse et al. (2012) and Mathers et al. (2014). From depth to surface, the Chalk Group (dark green) is overlain by the Thanet Sand Formation (dark blue), the sands, silts and clays of the Lambeth Group (orange), and the London Clay Formation (beige). The other coloured overlays (pink, yellow, tan, and brown) are various clay and gravel formations and glaciofluvial deposits. Reproduced with the permission of the British Geological Survey ©NERC; all rights reserved
Published: 01 August 2015
by the Thanet Sand Formation (dark blue), the sands, silts and clays of the Lambeth Group (orange), and the London Clay Formation (beige). The other coloured overlays (pink, yellow, tan, and brown) are various clay and gravel formations and glaciofluvial deposits. R eproduced with the permission of the B
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XRD traces; vertical scales are counts per second. (a) <2 µm fraction of glaucony pellets from Shadwell 1. This is a typical suite of traces for the Upnor Formation glaucony. The 1 nm reflections are broad indicating poor crystallinity or small crystallite size; (b) XRD traces for the <2 µm fraction of glaucony pellets from the Thanet Sand Formation, sample Shadwell 9; (c) XRD trace of magnetically separated glaucony from weathered sample Vauxhall A2. The pellets were disaggregated and ground very gently prior to scanning.
Published: 01 March 2017
for the <2 µm fraction of glaucony pellets from the Thanet Sand Formation, sample Shadwell 9; (c) XRD trace of magnetically separated glaucony from weathered sample Vauxhall A2. The pellets were disaggregated and ground very gently prior to scanning.
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UF, Upnor Formation; TS, Thanet Sand; CK, Chalk; GWL, groundwater level.
Published: 15 January 2018
Fig. 5. UF, Upnor Formation; TS, Thanet Sand; CK, Chalk; GWL, groundwater level.
Journal Article
Published: 01 May 2011
Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology (2011) 44 (2): 221–232.
... Yes * Pooling in invert Sump pumping Thanet Sand 40.3 Bullhead Bed Dewatered Seaford Chalk * Borehole installations have indicated that the Upnor Formation is in hydraulic continuity with the underlying deposits. Drawdown during dewatering has been impeded, however...
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First thumbnail for: Sinking a jacked caisson within the London Basin g...
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(a) Particle size distribution plot for the sand channel and Laminated Beds in the Upper Lambeth Group. Less than 10% clay fines were recorded in the channel sand, contrasting with as much as 30% within the top of the Laminated Beds, although decreasing to generally 8–15% in the fine sand and silt above the Lower Shelly Clay. (b) Particle size distribution plot for the Upnor and Thanet formations. A large envelope exists for the Upnor Formation, reflecting the wide range in grades from coarse gravel in the Pebble Bed to clayey fine sand within the Upnor sand. This is in contrast to the very narrow envelope for the Thanet Sand, which is composed almost entirely of silt and fine sand. (c) Particle size distribution plot comparing the sand channel and top 2 m of the Thanet Formation. A slightly wider envelope is apparent for the sand channel, which incorporates mainly fine and medium fractions of sand compared to the mainly fine sand within the Thanet Formation.
Published: 05 January 2024
sand and silt above the Lower Shelly Clay. ( b ) Particle size distribution plot for the Upnor and Thanet formations. A large envelope exists for the Upnor Formation, reflecting the wide range in grades from coarse gravel in the Pebble Bed to clayey fine sand within the Upnor sand. This is in contrast
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Collected resistivity data plus porosity and saturation. (a) topsoil; (b) non-calcareous brickearth; (c) calcareous brickearth; (d) sandy brickearth with flint clasts; (e) sand (Thanet Formation); (f) sand with flint gravel and cobbles (Thanet Formation).
Published: 01 May 2006
Fig. 1 Collected resistivity data plus porosity and saturation. (a) topsoil; (b) non-calcareous brickearth; (c) calcareous brickearth; (d) sandy brickearth with flint clasts; (e) sand (Thanet Formation); (f) sand with flint gravel and cobbles (Thanet Formation).
Journal Article
Published: 15 January 2018
Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology (2018) 51 (1): 31–37.
...Fig. 6. Piezometric amplitude v. distance from River Thames. RTD, River Terrace Deposits; chalk, Chalk Group; UF/TS, Upnor Formation/Thanet Sand Formation. ...
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First thumbnail for: Regional-scale groundwater investigations for the ...
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Journal Article
Published: 15 January 2018
Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology (2018) 51 (1): 38–48.
...Fig. 5. UF, Upnor Formation; TS, Thanet Sand; CK, Chalk; GWL, groundwater level. ...
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First thumbnail for: Groundwater monitoring of the deep aquifer for the...
Second thumbnail for: Groundwater monitoring of the deep aquifer for the...
Third thumbnail for: Groundwater monitoring of the deep aquifer for the...
Journal Article
Published: 05 January 2024
Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology (2024) 57 (1): qjegh2023-083.
... sand and silt above the Lower Shelly Clay. ( b ) Particle size distribution plot for the Upnor and Thanet formations. A large envelope exists for the Upnor Formation, reflecting the wide range in grades from coarse gravel in the Pebble Bed to clayey fine sand within the Upnor sand. This is in contrast...
FIGURES
First thumbnail for: Jet grouting to new depths in the Lambeth Group an...
Second thumbnail for: Jet grouting to new depths in the Lambeth Group an...
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Journal Article
Published: 13 November 2017
Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology (2018) 51 (1): 23–30.
... Lambeth Hiatus), Upnor Formation, Thanet Sand and Chalk ( Roberts et al . 2015 ). These tests were crucial for the design of the dewatering of the lower aquifer. Table 2 summarizes the results. Table 1. Units encountered in the boreholes and the range of elevations of the top and base...
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First thumbnail for: Engineering geology and tunnelling in the Limmo Pe...
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Third thumbnail for: Engineering geology and tunnelling in the Limmo Pe...