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Tapirus

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Journal Article

A mandible of Tapirus arvernensis from Central Italy Available to Purchase

Luca Pandolfi, Tassos Kotsakis
Published: 01 February 2017
Italian Journal of Geosciences (2017) 136 (1): 136–138.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3301/DG.2016.06
...Luca Pandolfi; Tassos Kotsakis Abstract A fragmentary mandible of Tapirus housed at Museo di Paleontologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, was indicated as collected at Castel San Pietro (Rieti) and/or Nera Montoro (Terni), representing the southernmost occurrence of the taxon in Italy and suggesting...
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Journal Article

Cranial Morphology and Systematics of an Extraordinary Sample of the Late Neogene Dwarf Tapir, Tapirus Polkensis (OLSEN) Available to Purchase

Richard C. Hulbert, Jr., Steven C. Wallace, Walter E. Klippel, Paul W. Parmalee
Published: 01 March 2009
Journal of Paleontology (2009) 83 (2): 238–262.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1666/08-062.1
... the observed range of the Gray Fossil Site population. The new material supports a reassignment of “ Tapiravus ” polkensis to the genus Tapirus , and demonstrates that the geologic age of the species is significantly younger than previously thought, Hemphillian rather than Barstovian. Tapirus polkensis...
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Table 3 — Statistics of measurements (in mm) on mandibles of Tapirus polk... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 March 2009
Table 3 — Statistics of measurements (in mm) on mandibles of Tapirus polkensis from the Hemphillian of Florida (Central Florida Phosphate District, CFPD) and Tennessee (GFS), and those of other species of Tapirus . When N > 1, first line is x ± s , second line is OR(N). For GFS sample
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 Figure14—Simpson ratio diagram comparing cheek tooth dimensions of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS (minimum, mean, and maximum) and CFPD (mean only) with means of other North American species of Tapirus from the Clarendonian and Hemphillian. Values plotted are log differences with mean values of extant Tapirus terrestris (negative values are smaller than T. terrestris; positive values larger than T. terrestris). Tooth measurements for the type specimen of T. simpsoni taken from Schultz et al. (1975); means of T. webbi are from Hulbert (2005)

Figure 14 —Simpson ratio diagram comparing cheek tooth dimensions of Tapi... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 March 2009
Figure 14 —Simpson ratio diagram comparing cheek tooth dimensions of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS (minimum, mean, and maximum) and CFPD (mean only) with means of other North American species of Tapirus from the Clarendonian and Hemphillian. Values plotted are log differences with mean values
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 Figure15—Simpson ratio diagram comparing cheek tooth dimensions of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS (minimum, mean, and maximum) with those of European fossil species of Tapirus. Format as in Figure 14. Tooth measurements or statistics taken from Boeuf (1991), T. jeanpiveteaui (upper dentition only); Spassov and Ginsburg (1999), T. balkanicus; and Guérin and Eisenmann (1994), T. pannonicus (p2–p4 only), T. arvernensis, and T. priscus

Figure 15 —Simpson ratio diagram comparing cheek tooth dimensions of Tapi... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 March 2009
Figure 15 —Simpson ratio diagram comparing cheek tooth dimensions of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS (minimum, mean, and maximum) with those of European fossil species of Tapirus . Format as in Figure 14 . Tooth measurements or statistics taken from Boeuf (1991) , T. jeanpiveteaui (upper
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Tapirus arvernensis from Spoleto lignite beds (MPUR). A: crushed mandible embedded in a lignite sample; B: occlusal view of the right toothrow; C: lingual view of the right corpus. Scale bars correspond to 2 cm.

Tapirus arvernensis from Spoleto lignite beds (MPUR). A: crushed mandible ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 February 2017
Fig. 2 Tapirus arvernensis from Spoleto lignite beds (MPUR). A: crushed mandible embedded in a lignite sample; B: occlusal view of the right toothrow; C: lingual view of the right corpus. Scale bars correspond to 2 cm.
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Tapirus arvernenis mandible from the lignite mine of Castelnuovo dei Sabbioni, Arezzo.

Tapirus arvernenis mandible from the lignite mine of Castelnuovo dei Sabbi... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 February 2013
Fig. 23 Tapirus arvernenis mandible from the lignite mine of Castelnuovo dei Sabbioni, Arezzo.
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Table 2 — Measurements (in mm) on skulls of Tapirus polkensis from the H... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 March 2009
Table 2 — Measurements (in mm) on skulls of Tapirus polkensis from the Hemphillian of Florida (Central Florida Phosphate District, CFPD) and Tennessee (GFS). Sample statistics for T. polkensis include only the GFS population. For comparison, values for other species of Tapirus are listed
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 Figure3—Skull of Tapirus polkensis, ETMNH 3719, from the GFS. 1, dorsal view; 2, right lateral view; 3, ventral view of rostrum and palate with right and left I1–I3, C, P1–M3

Figure 3 —Skull of Tapirus polkensis , ETMNH 3719, from the GFS. 1, dor... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 March 2009
Figure 3 —Skull of Tapirus polkensis , ETMNH 3719, from the GFS. 1, dorsal view; 2, right lateral view; 3, ventral view of rostrum and palate with right and left I1–I3, C, P1–M3
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 Figure4—Lateral views of the rostrum of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS. 1, ETMNH 682, left lateral view. Teeth present are left I1–I3, C, and P1–P4. Note enlarged, caniniform I3, reduced C, and presence of maxillary flange; 2, ETMNH 3716, left lateral view with P1–P4. Lac = lacrimal bone

Figure 4 —Lateral views of the rostrum of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 March 2009
Figure 4 —Lateral views of the rostrum of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS. 1, ETMNH 682, left lateral view. Teeth present are left I1–I3, C, and P1–P4. Note enlarged, caniniform I3, reduced C, and presence of maxillary flange; 2, ETMNH 3716, left lateral view with P1–P4. Lac = lacrimal bone
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 Figure5—Dorsal surface of skulls of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS detailing features of the nasal and frontal bones. Anterior to left. 1, ETMNH 3519; 2, ETMNH 605. Note broad meatal fossa with sharp posterior and medial margins in both specimens. ant. proc. frontal = anterior process of frontals

Figure 5 —Dorsal surface of skulls of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS det... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 March 2009
Figure 5 —Dorsal surface of skulls of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS detailing features of the nasal and frontal bones. Anterior to left. 1, ETMNH 3519; 2, ETMNH 605. Note broad meatal fossa with sharp posterior and medial margins in both specimens. ant. proc. frontal = anterior process
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 Figure6—1–3, Dorsal surface of skulls of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS detailing features of the frontal, parietal, interparietal, and supraoccipital bones and ontogenetic variation in development of the parasagittal ridges. Anterior to top. 1, ETMNH 3699, subadult; 2, ETMNH 3705, young adult; 3, ETMNH 3717, old adult. This morphotype, with low parasagittal ridges that do not unite to form a sagittal crest, is present in about 75% of the GFS skulls (juvenile version of this morphotype shown in Fig. 5.2). 4, UF 220447 from the CFPD, isolated supraoccipital in dorsal view; arrows point to unfused suture with interparietal. IP = interparietal; paras. ridge = parasagittal ridge

Figure 6 — 1–3, Dorsal surface of skulls of Tapirus polkensis from the ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 March 2009
Figure 6 — 1–3, Dorsal surface of skulls of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS detailing features of the frontal, parietal, interparietal, and supraoccipital bones and ontogenetic variation in development of the parasagittal ridges. Anterior to top. 1, ETMNH 3699, subadult; 2, ETMNH 3705, young
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 Figure7—Dorsal surface of skulls of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS detailing features of the frontal, parietal, interparietal, and supraoccipital bones. Anterior to top. 1, ETMNH 600, juvenile; 2, UTK 59.5, subadult(?); 3, ETMNH 3843, young adult; 4, ETMNH 3519, old adult. This morphotype, with tall parasagittal ridges in juveniles that unite to form a sagittal crest in adults, is present in about 25% of the GFS skulls. FR = frontal; IP = interparietal; PA = parietal; pr = parasagittal ridge; sc = sagittal crest

Figure 7 —Dorsal surface of skulls of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS det... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 March 2009
Figure 7 —Dorsal surface of skulls of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS detailing features of the frontal, parietal, interparietal, and supraoccipital bones. Anterior to top. 1, ETMNH 600, juvenile; 2, UTK 59.5, subadult(?); 3, ETMNH 3843, young adult; 4, ETMNH 3519, old adult
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 Figure8—Posterolateral views of skulls of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS showing lacrimal foramina. 1, ETMNH 600 in right lateral view, with a single large lacrimal foramen (more common morphotype); 2, ETMNH 3687 in left lateral view (reversed), with two lacrimal foramina (rarer morphotype)

Figure 8 —Posterolateral views of skulls of Tapirus polkensis from the G... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 March 2009
Figure 8 —Posterolateral views of skulls of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS showing lacrimal foramina. 1, ETMNH 600 in right lateral view, with a single large lacrimal foramen (more common morphotype); 2, ETMNH 3687 in left lateral view (reversed), with two lacrimal foramina (rarer morphotype)
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 Figure9—Adult mandibles of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS (1–4) and CFPD (5–6). 1, ETMNH 682 in right lateral view; 2, ETMNH 3719 in right lateral view; 3, ETMNH 682, dorsal view of symphysis and anterior dentition; 4, ETMNH 3719 in right medial view (reversed); 5, UF 223986 in right lateral view; 6, UF 14445 in right medial view (reversed). Arrows in 2 and 5 indicate location of mental foramen ventral to p2. All scale bars equal 5 cm

Figure 9 —Adult mandibles of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS ( 1–4 ) and ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 March 2009
Figure 9 —Adult mandibles of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS ( 1–4 ) and CFPD ( 5–6 ). 1, ETMNH 682 in right lateral view; 2, ETMNH 3719 in right lateral view; 3, ETMNH 682, dorsal view of symphysis and anterior dentition; 4, ETMNH 3719 in right medial view (reversed); 5, UF 223986
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 Figure10—Upper cheek teeth of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS (1–2) and CFPD (3–4) shown in occlusal view. 1, ETMNH 3699, left (reversed) maxilla with P1–P3, DP4, M1–M2; 2, ETMNH 3843, right maxilla with P1–M3; 3, UF/TRO 1390, partial right maxilla with P4–M3; 4, UF 232100, right M1

Figure 10 —Upper cheek teeth of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS ( 1–2 ) a... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 March 2009
Figure 10 —Upper cheek teeth of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS ( 1–2 ) and CFPD ( 3–4 ) shown in occlusal view. 1, ETMNH 3699, left (reversed) maxilla with P1–P3, DP4, M1–M2; 2, ETMNH 3843, right maxilla with P1–M3; 3, UF/TRO 1390, partial right maxilla with P4–M3; 4, UF 232100, right M1
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 Figure11—Upper premolars of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS (1–4) and CFPD (5) shown in occlusal view. 1, ETMNH 3426, left (reversed) maxilla with C and P1; 2, ETMNH 3700, left (reversed) P1–P3, DP4; 3, ETMNH 611, right P1–P3; 4, ETMNH 3699, right P1–P3; 5, UF/FGS 5941, left (reversed) P3, holotype

Figure 11 —Upper premolars of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS ( 1–4 ) and... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 March 2009
Figure 11 —Upper premolars of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS ( 1–4 ) and CFPD ( 5 ) shown in occlusal view. 1, ETMNH 3426, left (reversed) maxilla with C and P1; 2, ETMNH 3700, left (reversed) P1–P3, DP4; 3, ETMNH 611, right P1–P3; 4, ETMNH 3699, right P1–P3; 5, UF/FGS 5941, left
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Table 5 — Standard statistics for deciduous premolars of Tapirus polkensi... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 March 2009
Table 5 — Standard statistics for deciduous premolars of Tapirus polkensis from the Gray Fossil Site (GFS)
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 Figure12—Juvenile cheek teeth of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS (1–2) and CFPD (3) shown in occlusal view. 1, ETMNH 3720, left (reversed) maxilla with DP1–DP4, M1; 2, ETMNH 3692, right mandible with dp2–dp4; 3, UF 223794, right mandible with dp2–dp4, m1

Figure 12 —Juvenile cheek teeth of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS ( 1–2 ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 March 2009
Figure 12 —Juvenile cheek teeth of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS ( 1–2 ) and CFPD ( 3 ) shown in occlusal view. 1, ETMNH 3720, left (reversed) maxilla with DP1–DP4, M1; 2, ETMNH 3692, right mandible with dp2–dp4; 3, UF 223794, right mandible with dp2–dp4, m1
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 Figure13—Lower cheek teeth of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS (1–4) and CFPD (5–6) shown in occlusal view. 1, ETMNH 3699, right mandible with p2–p3, dp4, m1–m2; 2, ETMNH 3719, right mandible with p2–m3; 3, ETMNH 608, right mandible with p2–m3; 4, ETMNH 3717, right mandible with p2– m3; 5, UF 223986, partial right mandible with p2–p4; 6, UF 14445, partial right mandible with m1–m3

Figure 13 —Lower cheek teeth of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS ( 1–4 ) a... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 March 2009
Figure 13 —Lower cheek teeth of Tapirus polkensis from the GFS ( 1–4 ) and CFPD ( 5–6 ) shown in occlusal view. 1, ETMNH 3699, right mandible with p2–p3, dp4, m1–m2; 2, ETMNH 3719, right mandible with p2–m3; 3, ETMNH 608, right mandible with p2–m3; 4, ETMNH 3717, right mandible with p2