...Figure 5. Contour lines representing the combined maximum allowable present day outgassing rates of CO 2 and H 2 O, relative to the Earth’s present day outgassing rates, for LHS 3844 b, Trappist-1 b, and Trap-pist-1 c. Estimates based on mass loss rates from solar wind stripping only...

... Space Telescope ( JWST ) Guaranteed Time Observation program (Information in the Guest observer program is available here: https://www.stsci.edu/jwst/science-execution/approved-programs/cycle-1-go ). Planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system are labelled b to h. ...

.... Some of the best characterized super-Earth systems may have planets holding water, although estimates come with very large error bars (e.g., Raymond et al. 2022 ). The TRAPPIST-1 is one of these iconic systems in which adjacent planets show rhythmic orbital motions and form a so-called “resonant chain...

... as the spectrum and long-term evolution of their host stars. Many potentially habitable planets exist in planetary systems that are near an orbital resonance, for instance those in the TRAPPIST-1 system. This architecture indicates that the planets in the system formed further from the host star, where...

... is to invoke inward movement of the snow line in the final growth phases of the satellites. A formation scenario for the extrasolar TRAPPIST-1 system that has various ice mass fractions of planets may also apply to the Galilean satellites ( Madeira et al. 2021 ). Thus, studies of the Galilean satellites...

... that will be observed in Cycles 1 and 2 of JWST are over-plotted in this same parameter space. Symbol size denotes the expected S/N of a single transit or eclipse observation using the methods of Kempton et al. (2018) . The letters b–h denote the planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system, which are all slated for JWST...

... bulk densities of rocky exoplanets. For example, there has been much interest in the TRAPPIST-1 system because there, seven rocky, more-or-less Earth-sized, exoplanets have been discovered ( Gillon et al. 2017 ). Several studies have thus ensued, attempting to narrow their bulk densities (see Quarles...

... of O 2 or O 3 —it is nonetheless a key target in the search for life beyond Earth. Indeed, the CO 2 –CH 4 biosignature couple may be the most observable potential biosignature in the TRAPPIST-1 planetary system ( Krissansen-Totton et al. 2018a ; Mikal-Evans 2021 ; Meadows et al. 2023 ). N 2...

... years. Third, the exoplanets shown in Figure 5.7 are all thought to be less than 1.6 Earth radii, and hence rocky. Most were discovered from the ground using the radial velocity method or from space by way of transits. The TRAPPIST-1 system at the bottom of the diagram consists of seven coplanar...

... operating James Webb Space Telescope, JWST for short, cannot do this except when the planet is bright in the infrared – meaning that it is hot – and is well separated from the star. JWST can, and will, obtain spectra from cooler exoplanet atmospheres, but only for planets like those in the TRAPPIST-1 system...

... CT , Desch SJ , Hinkel NR , Lorenzo A ( 2018 ) Inward migration of the TRAPPIST-1 planets as inferred from their water-rich compositions . Nature Astronomy 2 : 297 - 302 , doi: 10.1038/s41550-018-0411-6 Weller MB , Lenardic A ( 2018 ) On the evolution...

... , Leconte J , Lederer SM , Luger R , Malhotra R , Meadows VS , Morris BM , Pozuelos FJ , Queloz D , Raymond SN , Selsis F , Sestovic M , Triaud AHMJ , Grootel VV ( 2021 ) Refining the transit-timing and photometric analysis of TRAPPIST-1...

... of Jupiter, where volcanism occurs absent large-scale mantle convection. Heat pipes might be restricted to planets with tidal heating and so would be a factor in exoplanets that are in close orbit to their stars ( Jackson et al. 2008 ). An example would be the Trappist-1 system ( Barr et al. 2018 ). In any...

... are shown, along with various exoplanets identified from NASA's Kepler Space Telescope and various ground-based transit and radial velocity surveys. Only exoplanets with radii <1.6 R Earth are shown. Proxima Centauri b orbits a red dwarf that is only 4 light years distant. The TRAPPIST-1 system...