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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Kenya (1)
-
Zambia (2)
-
-
East African Lakes
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Lake Tanganyika (1)
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-
North Africa
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Algeria (2)
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Atlas Mountains
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (1)
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-
-
Egypt
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Eastern Desert (1)
-
-
Morocco
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (1)
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-
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Tunisia (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
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Namaqualand (1)
-
Namaqualand metamorphic complex (1)
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Namibia (2)
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South Africa
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa
-
Cape Town South Africa (1)
-
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa (1)
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Western Cape Province South Africa (1)
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Zimbabwe
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Great Dyke (1)
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-
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West Africa
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Chad (1)
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Nigeria (1)
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Zambezi Valley (1)
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Arctic Ocean
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Beaufort Sea (3)
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Nares Strait (1)
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Arctic region
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Arctic Coastal Plain (1)
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Greenland (1)
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Asia
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Arabian Peninsula
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Qatar (1)
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Saudi Arabia
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Hejaz Saudi Arabia
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Jeddah Saudi Arabia (1)
-
-
-
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Baikal region (1)
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Baikal rift zone (1)
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Brahmaputra River (1)
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Buryat Russian Federation (1)
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Central Asia
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Kazakhstan
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Tengiz Field (1)
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-
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Far East
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Borneo
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Kalimantan Indonesia
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Mahakam Delta (1)
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-
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China
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Bohaiwan Basin (1)
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Gansu China (2)
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Guangdong China
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Zhujiang River (1)
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Guizhou China (1)
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Indonesia
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Sunda Arc (1)
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Japan (2)
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Korea
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Taiwan
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Chelungpu Fault (1)
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Ganges River (1)
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Himalayas (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Gujarat India
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Saurashtra (1)
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Tamil Nadu India (1)
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West Bengal India (1)
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Jammu and Kashmir
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Kashmir Valley (1)
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Nepal (1)
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Pakistan (1)
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Irkutsk Russian Federation (1)
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Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
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Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
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Norilsk region (1)
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Lake Baikal (2)
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Middle East
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Dead Sea (1)
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Turkey
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Anatolia (1)
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East Anatolian Fault (1)
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North Anatolian Fault (1)
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Siberia (1)
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Southeast Asia (2)
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Sri Lanka (1)
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Yakutia Russian Federation
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Anabar River (1)
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-
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Baltic Sea (1)
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Blake Plateau (1)
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Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge (1)
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Caribbean Sea
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Great Bahama Bank (1)
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Gulf of Mexico
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Florida Bay (1)
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-
Gulf of Saint Lawrence (1)
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Labrador Sea (3)
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North Sea
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Brent Field (1)
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Oseberg Field (1)
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Statfjord Field (1)
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Viking Graben (1)
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Northwest Atlantic (2)
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Australasia
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Australia
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Georgina Basin (1)
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Lachlan fold belt (1)
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New South Wales Australia
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Northparkes Mine (1)
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Sydney Australia (1)
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Northern Territory Australia (2)
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Nullarbor Plain (1)
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Perth Australia (1)
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Queensland Australia (3)
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South Australia
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Eyre Peninsula (2)
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Flinders Ranges (1)
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Gawler Craton (1)
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Lake Eyre (1)
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Tasmania Australia (2)
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Victoria Australia
-
Bendigo Australia (1)
-
Bendigo gold field (1)
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Gippsland Australia (1)
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Gippsland Basin (1)
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Melbourne Australia (1)
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Stawell Australia (1)
-
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Western Australia
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Canning Basin (1)
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Carnarvon Basin (2)
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Eastern Goldfields (3)
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Kalgoorlie Terrane (2)
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Kambalda Australia (1)
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Murchison Province (1)
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Pilbara Craton (1)
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Swan Coastal Plain (1)
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Yilgarn (2)
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Yilgarn Craton (11)
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New Zealand (2)
-
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Baffin Bay (3)
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Banks Island (2)
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Bathurst Island (1)
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Bear Lake (1)
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Bear River basin (2)
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Blue Mountains (2)
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Cache Valley (2)
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Canada
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Arctic Archipelago (2)
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Cold Lake (3)
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Eastern Canada
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James Bay (1)
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Maritime Provinces
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Nova Scotia
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Cape Breton Island (1)
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Prince Edward Island (1)
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Meguma Terrane (1)
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Labrador
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Voisey's Bay Deposit (1)
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Newfoundland
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Port au Port Peninsula (1)
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-
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Ontario
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Sudbury District Ontario (1)
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Sudbury igneous complex (1)
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Sudbury Ontario (1)
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Sudbury Structure (1)
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Quebec
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Anticosti Island (1)
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Noranda Quebec (2)
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Temiscamingue County Quebec
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Rouyn Quebec (1)
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-
-
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Elk Point Basin (2)
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Mackenzie Mountains (1)
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Nunavut
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Ellesmere Island (1)
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Sverdrup Basin (1)
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Sverdrup Islands
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Ellef Ringnes Island (1)
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-
-
Queen Elizabeth Islands
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Ellesmere Island (1)
-
Sverdrup Basin (1)
-
Sverdrup Islands
-
Ellef Ringnes Island (1)
-
-
-
Reindeer Lake (1)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta
-
Alberta Basin (15)
-
Athabasca Oil Sands (1)
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Athabasca River (2)
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Calgary Alberta (1)
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Dinosaur Provincial Park (1)
-
Drumheller Alberta (1)
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Fort McMurray Alberta (1)
-
Jasper National Park (3)
-
Peace River Arch (13)
-
-
Athabasca District (1)
-
British Columbia
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Fernie Basin (1)
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Vancouver Island (1)
-
-
Canadian Cordillera (6)
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (8)
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Crowsnest Pass (1)
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Manitoba (18)
-
Northwest Territories
-
Great Slave Lake (1)
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Mackenzie Delta (1)
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Richards Island (1)
-
-
Reindeer Zone (1)
-
Saskatchewan
-
La Ronge Domain (1)
-
-
Yukon Territory
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Klondike (1)
-
-
-
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
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Greater Antilles
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Cuba (1)
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Jamaica (2)
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Puerto Rico (1)
-
-
Lesser Antilles
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Barbados (1)
-
Trinidad and Tobago
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Trinidad (1)
-
-
Virgin Islands
-
U. S. Virgin Islands
-
Saint Croix (2)
-
-
-
-
-
Bahamas (1)
-
-
-
Cascade Range (1)
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Cascadia subduction zone (1)
-
Central America
-
Belize (3)
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Chortis Block (1)
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Costa Rica (4)
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El Salvador (5)
-
Guatemala
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Motagua Fault (2)
-
-
Honduras (5)
-
Nicaragua
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Managua Nicaragua (1)
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-
Panama (3)
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Chalk Aquifer (1)
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Chicxulub Crater (1)
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Clearwater River (1)
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Coast Ranges (1)
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Colombian Basin (1)
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Colville River (1)
-
Commonwealth of Independent States
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Kazakhstan
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Tengiz Field (1)
-
-
Russian Federation
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Baikal region (1)
-
Baikal rift zone (1)
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Buryat Russian Federation (1)
-
Irkutsk Russian Federation (1)
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (1)
-
-
-
Lake Baikal (2)
-
Yakutia Russian Federation
-
Anabar River (1)
-
-
-
Ukraine (1)
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-
Cook Inlet (1)
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Copperbelt (1)
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Death Valley (2)
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Emerson Fault (1)
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Eucla Basin (1)
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Europe
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Baltic region (1)
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Carpathian Foredeep (1)
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Central Europe
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Czech Republic (1)
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Germany
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Saxony-Anhalt Germany (1)
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Schleswig-Holstein Germany (1)
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Poland (1)
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Fennoscandian Shield (1)
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Pyrenees (1)
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Southern Europe
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Greece
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Sterea Ellas
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Laurion Greece (1)
-
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
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Portugal (2)
-
Spain
-
Andalusia Spain
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Almeria Spain
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Sorbas Basin (1)
-
-
-
Ebro Basin (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Abruzzi Italy
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L'Aquila Italy (1)
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Apennines (1)
-
-
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Ukraine (1)
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Western Europe
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Ireland (1)
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Rhone River (1)
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Scandinavia
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Finland (2)
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Sweden (1)
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-
United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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England
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Alston Block (1)
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Berkshire England (1)
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Cumbria England (1)
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Derbyshire England (1)
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Devon England
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Torquay England (1)
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Dorset England (1)
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Durham England (1)
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Kent England (1)
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Leicestershire England (1)
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Lincolnshire England (1)
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Northumberland England (1)
-
Pennines (2)
-
-
Scotland
-
Highland region Scotland
-
Sutherland Scotland (1)
-
-
Moine thrust zone (1)
-
Scottish Highlands
-
Grampian Highlands
-
Cairngorm Mountains (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Front Range (1)
-
Grand River (1)
-
Granite Mountains (1)
-
Green Lake (1)
-
Imperial Valley (1)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea
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Persian Gulf (1)
-
-
Bay of Bengal (2)
-
-
Kimberley Basin (1)
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Lewis thrust fault (1)
-
Lusitanian Basin (1)
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Mackenzie River (2)
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Mackenzie River valley (1)
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Malay Archipelago
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Borneo
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Kalimantan Indonesia
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Mahakam Delta (1)
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Mexico
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Baja California Mexico (1)
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Midlands (1)
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Mount Baker (1)
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North America
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Appalachian Basin (2)
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Appalachians
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Piedmont (1)
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Valley and Ridge Province (1)
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Basin and Range Province
-
Great Basin (6)
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Canadian Shield
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Churchill Province
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Cape Smith fold belt (2)
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Flin Flon Belt (1)
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Slave Province (1)
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Superior Province
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Abitibi Belt (1)
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Kapuskasing Zone (1)
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Dakota Aquifer (1)
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Glacier National Park (1)
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Great Lakes
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Lake Ontario (1)
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Great Plains
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Northern Great Plains (3)
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Gulf Coastal Plain (3)
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Keweenawan Rift (1)
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North American Cordillera
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Canadian Cordillera (6)
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North American Craton (1)
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Okanagan Valley (1)
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Purcell Mountains (1)
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Rocky Mountains
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (8)
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Absaroka Range
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Bighorn Mountains (1)
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Bitterroot Range
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Beaverhead Mountains (1)
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Owl Creek Mountains (1)
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Wasatch Range (5)
-
-
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Shuswap Complex (1)
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Tintina Fault (1)
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Transcontinental Arch (1)
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Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (32)
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Western Interior (4)
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Williston Basin (8)
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Yukon River (1)
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North Slope (2)
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North West Shelf (1)
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Owens Valley (1)
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Pacific Coast (4)
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Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Cascadia Channel (1)
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Gulf of California (1)
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Mendocino fracture zone (1)
-
-
-
North Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
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Cascadia Channel (1)
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Gulf of California (1)
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Mendocino fracture zone (1)
-
-
Northwest Pacific
-
South China Sea
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Malay Basin (1)
-
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Yellow Sea
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Bohai Sea
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Bohai Bay (1)
-
-
-
-
-
South Pacific
-
Southwest Pacific
-
Coral Sea
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Great Barrier Reef (1)
-
-
-
-
West Pacific
-
Banda Arc (1)
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Northwest Pacific
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South China Sea
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Malay Basin (1)
-
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Yellow Sea
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Bohai Sea
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-
-
-
-
Southwest Pacific
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Coral Sea
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Great Barrier Reef (1)
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-
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Sunda Shelf (1)
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-
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Pacific region (1)
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Peace River (4)
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Peninsular Ranges (1)
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Pioneer Mountains (1)
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Puna (1)
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Rio Puerco (1)
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Root River (1)
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San Andreas Fault (6)
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Sand Hills (1)
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Santa Cruz Mountains (1)
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Sierra Nevada (3)
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South America
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Andes
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Argentina (2)
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Ecuador (1)
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United States
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California
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Central California (1)
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El Dorado County California (1)
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Inyo County California (1)
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Los Angeles County California
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Los Angeles California
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Palmdale California (1)
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Madera County California (1)
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Mendocino County California (1)
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Napa County California (1)
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Nevada County California (1)
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Salton Sea (1)
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San Bernardino County California
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San Francisco Bay
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San Francisco Bay region (2)
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Sonoma County California (1)
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Carolina Terrane (1)
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Colorado
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Chaffee County Colorado (1)
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Denver Colorado (1)
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Fremont County Colorado (2)
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Idaho
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Idaho Batholith (1)
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Louisiana (1)
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Ohio
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Oklahoma
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Oregon
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Umatilla County Oregon (1)
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South Dakota
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isotope ratios (46)
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stable isotopes
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
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O-18/O-16 (29)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (4)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
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S-33/S-32 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (7)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (17)
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metals
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (17)
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aluminum
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Al-26 (2)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (4)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
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silver (1)
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nitrogen
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N-15/N-14 (1)
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oxygen
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dissolved oxygen (4)
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O-18/O-16 (29)
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selenium (2)
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sulfur
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S-33/S-32 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (7)
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trace metals (1)
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fossils
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces
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Osteichthyes
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Perciformes (1)
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Tetrapoda
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Aves
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Anseriformes (1)
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Mammalia
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Multituberculata (1)
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Theria
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Artiodactyla
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Ruminantia
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Bison
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Bison occidentalis (1)
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Carnivora (1)
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Insectivora (1)
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Proboscidea
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Mastodontoidea
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Mammutidae
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Mammut (1)
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Reptilia
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Diapsida
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Archosauria
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dinosaurs
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Saurischia
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Theropoda
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Coelurosauria
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Tyrannosauridae (1)
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-
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-
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-
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cyanobacteria
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Renalcis (1)
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fossil man (1)
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Graptolithina (1)
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ichnofossils
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Chondrites ichnofossils (1)
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Invertebrata
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Archaeocyatha (1)
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Copepoda (1)
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Ostracoda (2)
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-
-
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Brachiopoda (3)
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Cnidaria
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Anthozoa
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Zoantharia
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Rugosa (1)
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-
-
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Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Crinoidea (3)
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Echinozoa
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Echinoidea (1)
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-
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Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Pterioida
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Pteriina
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Anthraconauta (1)
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-
-
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea
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Ammonites (1)
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-
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Gastropoda
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Naticidae (1)
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Neogastropoda
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Muricidae (1)
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-
-
-
Porifera
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Stromatoporoidea
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Amphipora (1)
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-
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Rotaliina
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Rotaliacea
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Ammonia (1)
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-
-
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Thecamoeba (2)
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-
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microfossils
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Charophyta (1)
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Conodonta
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Neogondolella (1)
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-
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palynomorphs
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acritarchs (2)
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Dinoflagellata (8)
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miospores
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pollen (9)
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Plantae
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algae
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Chlorophyta
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Charophyta (1)
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Coccolithophoraceae (1)
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diatoms (3)
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Dicotyledoneae
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Magnoliidae (1)
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Monocotyledoneae (1)
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Gymnospermae
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Coniferales
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Pinaceae
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Pinus (1)
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thallophytes (3)
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tracks (1)
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geochronology methods
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Ar/Ar (9)
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U/Pb (15)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Bronze Age (1)
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Glenns Ferry Formation (1)
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Iron Age (1)
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Quaternary
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Clovis (1)
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Cordilleran ice sheet (1)
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Holocene
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Middle Ages (1)
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Roman period (1)
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Pleistocene
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Irvingtonian (1)
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Kansan (1)
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Lake Agassiz (1)
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Lake Lahontan (1)
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lower Pleistocene (2)
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middle Pleistocene (1)
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upper Pleistocene
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Lisan Formation (1)
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Weichselian
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upper Weichselian
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Younger Dryas (1)
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Wisconsinan
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upper Wisconsinan (1)
-
-
-
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upper Quaternary (7)
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Stone Age
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Paleolithic
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Tertiary
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Challis Volcanics (2)
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John Day Formation (1)
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lower Tertiary (2)
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Neogene
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Miocene
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Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
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lower Miocene (1)
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middle Miocene
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Badenian (1)
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upper Miocene
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Messinian (1)
-
-
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Pliocene
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lower Pliocene (2)
-
-
Salt Lake Formation (2)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
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Absaroka Supergroup (1)
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Clarno Formation (1)
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lower Eocene
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Willwood Formation (1)
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Ypresian (1)
-
-
upper Eocene (1)
-
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Kenai Group (1)
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lower Paleogene (1)
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Oligocene
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Frio Formation (1)
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upper Oligocene (1)
-
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Paleocene
-
lower Paleocene
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Danian (1)
-
K-T boundary (2)
-
-
Ravenscrag Formation (1)
-
upper Paleocene
-
Tiffanian (2)
-
-
-
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (2)
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Wasatch Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Lake Bonneville (4)
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Laurentide ice sheet (2)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
-
Blairmore Group (1)
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Colorado Group (1)
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Dakota Formation (1)
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian
-
upper Albian (1)
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Barremian (1)
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Berriasian (1)
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Cadomin Formation (1)
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Cedar Mountain Formation (1)
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Clearwater Formation (2)
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Mannville Group (6)
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McMurray Formation (3)
-
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Mancos Shale (1)
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Middle Cretaceous (2)
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Potomac Group (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
-
Bearpaw Formation (1)
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Campanian (2)
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Cardium Formation (2)
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Ferron Sandstone Member (1)
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Horseshoe Canyon Formation (3)
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Kanguk Formation (1)
-
K-T boundary (2)
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Maestrichtian
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lower Maestrichtian (1)
-
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Niobrara Formation (1)
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Oldman Formation (1)
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Pierre Shale (1)
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Prince Creek Formation (1)
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Turonian (2)
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Two Medicine Formation (1)
-
-
Viking Formation (2)
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Whitemud Formation (2)
-
-
Jurassic
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Heather Formation (1)
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Kingak Shale (1)
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Lower Jurassic
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lower Liassic (2)
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Nordegg Member (1)
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Sinemurian (1)
-
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Middle Jurassic
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Bajocian
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Tarbert Formation (1)
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Bathonian (1)
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Callovian (1)
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Upper Jurassic
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Brushy Basin Member (1)
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Kimmeridge Clay (1)
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Kimmeridgian (1)
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Morrison Formation (2)
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Oxfordian (1)
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Salt Wash Sandstone Member (2)
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Volgian (1)
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-
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lower Mesozoic (1)
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Mist Mountain Formation (1)
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Nugget Sandstone (1)
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Triassic
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Charlie Lake Formation (1)
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Lower Triassic
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Smithian (1)
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Spathian (2)
-
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Middle Triassic
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Anisian (6)
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Doig Formation (9)
-
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Montney Formation (10)
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Upper Triassic
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Mercia Mudstone (1)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (1)
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
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Brigham Group (2)
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Middle Cambrian
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Flathead Sandstone (1)
-
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Pilgrim Formation (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (3)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Fort Payne Formation (1)
-
Kinderhookian
-
Banff Formation (2)
-
-
Lodgepole Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (2)
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Serpukhovian (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian (2)
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Westphalian (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Beaverhill Lake Group (16)
-
Fisset Brook Formation (2)
-
Keg River Formation (7)
-
Lower Devonian
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Emsian (3)
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Pragian (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Elk Point Group (4)
-
Givetian
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Horn Plateau Formation (2)
-
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Prairie Evaporite (3)
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Sulphur Point Formation (2)
-
Winnipegosis Formation (3)
-
-
Miette Complex (1)
-
Ramparts Formation (1)
-
Slave Point Formation (8)
-
Swan Hills Formation (22)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Duperow Formation (1)
-
Famennian
-
Wabamun Group (9)
-
-
Frasnian
-
Leduc Formation (18)
-
-
Grosmont Formation (5)
-
Jefferson Group (1)
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Nisku Formation (7)
-
-
Waterways Formation (8)
-
-
Exshaw Formation (3)
-
Horton Group (1)
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middle Paleozoic (1)
-
Oquirrh Formation (1)
-
Ordovician
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Eureka Quartzite (2)
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Lower Ordovician
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Beekmantown Group (1)
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Ellenburger Group (1)
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Saint George Group (1)
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Tremadocian (1)
-
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Middle Ordovician (1)
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Trenton Group (1)
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Upper Ordovician
-
Bighorn Dolomite (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Rotliegendes (1)
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Upper Permian
-
Zechstein (1)
-
-
-
Sauk Sequence (1)
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Silurian
-
Middle Silurian
-
Clinton Group (1)
-
-
-
Tippecanoe Sequence (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Bakken Formation (2)
-
Kaskaskia Sequence (1)
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (3)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Amisk Group (1)
-
Blake River Group (1)
-
-
Kisseynew Complex (1)
-
Purcell System (1)
-
Stillwater Complex (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
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Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (1)
-
Revett Quartzite (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic (5)
-
Paleoproterozoic (7)
-
Pocatello Formation (1)
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Roan Supergroup (1)
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-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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hypabyssal rocks (1)
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plutonic rocks
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diabase (2)
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gabbros (2)
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granites
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aplite (1)
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ultramafics
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peridotites
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dunite (1)
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harzburgite (1)
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pyroxenite (1)
-
-
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porphyry
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vitrophyre (1)
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volcanic rocks
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andesites (1)
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basalts
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flood basalts (2)
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
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olivine basalt (1)
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tholeiite (1)
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tholeiitic basalt (1)
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dacites (1)
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glasses
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volcanic glass (1)
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komatiite (11)
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nephelinite
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olivine nephelinite (1)
-
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pyroclastics
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ignimbrite (3)
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pumice (1)
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rhyolite tuff (1)
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tuff (3)
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rhyolites (5)
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vitrophyre (1)
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-
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ophiolite (1)
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volcanic ash (2)
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wehrlite (1)
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-
metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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amphibolites (1)
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eclogite (1)
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marbles (1)
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metaigneous rocks
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metakomatiite (1)
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serpentinite (2)
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metasedimentary rocks (3)
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metasomatic rocks
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serpentinite (2)
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skarn (2)
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steatite (1)
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metavolcanic rocks (2)
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quartzites (4)
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schists
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greenschist (1)
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greenstone (3)
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-
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ophiolite (1)
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turbidite (5)
-
-
meteorites
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meteorites
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iron meteorites
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octahedrite
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Henbury Meteorite (1)
-
-
-
stony meteorites
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chondrites
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carbonaceous chondrites
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CV chondrites
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Allende Meteorite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
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antimonides (1)
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arsenates (1)
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arsenides
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arsenopyrite (1)
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sperrylite (1)
-
-
carbonates
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aragonite (3)
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calcite (12)
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dolomite (11)
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magnesian calcite (1)
-
-
halides
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chlorides
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halite (1)
-
-
fluorides
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topaz (1)
-
-
-
hydrates (1)
-
native elements
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diamond (1)
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oxides
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chrome spinel (1)
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gahnite (1)
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hematite (1)
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ilmenite (1)
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magnetite (3)
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spinel (1)
-
-
phosphates
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apatite (6)
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monazite (1)
-
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
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amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
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glaucophane (1)
-
hornblende (2)
-
-
orthoamphibole
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anthophyllite (1)
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gedrite (1)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
jadeite (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene
-
enstatite (1)
-
ferrosilite (1)
-
-
-
wollastonite group
-
wollastonite (1)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
K-feldspar (1)
-
sanidine (1)
-
-
-
silica minerals
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jasper (1)
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quartz (2)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
braunite (1)
-
garnet group
-
grossular (1)
-
-
olivine group
-
olivine (2)
-
-
titanite group
-
titanite (1)
-
-
topaz (1)
-
zircon group
-
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sulfates
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Primary terms
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absolute age (40)
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Africa
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Far East
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Western Canada
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carbon
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Caribbean region
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Bahamas (1)
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-
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catalogs (3)
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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Roman period (1)
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Pleistocene
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Lisan Formation (1)
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Wisconsinan
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upper Quaternary (7)
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Stone Age
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Paleolithic
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Tertiary
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Challis Volcanics (2)
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Neogene
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Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
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Badenian (1)
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upper Miocene
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Messinian (1)
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-
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Pliocene
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Salt Lake Formation (2)
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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Absaroka Supergroup (1)
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lower Eocene
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Willwood Formation (1)
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upper Eocene (1)
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Kenai Group (1)
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Oligocene
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Frio Formation (1)
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Paleocene
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Danian (1)
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K-T boundary (2)
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Ravenscrag Formation (1)
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Tiffanian (2)
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Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (2)
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Wasatch Formation (1)
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Central America
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Belize (3)
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chemical analysis (1)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces
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Osteichthyes
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Perciformes (1)
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-
-
-
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Tetrapoda
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Aves
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Anseriformes (1)
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-
-
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Mammalia
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Multituberculata (1)
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Artiodactyla
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Ruminantia
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Bison
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Bison occidentalis (1)
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-
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-
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Carnivora (1)
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Insectivora (1)
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Proboscidea
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Mastodontoidea
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Mammutidae
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Mammut (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Reptilia
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Diapsida
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Archosauria
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dinosaurs
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Saurischia
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Theropoda
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Coelurosauria
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Tyrannosauridae (1)
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clay mineralogy (2)
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Deep Sea Drilling Project
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Leg 15
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inclusions
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Indian Ocean
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intrusions (16)
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Invertebrata
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Ostracoda (2)
-
-
-
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Brachiopoda (3)
-
Cnidaria
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Anthozoa
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Zoantharia
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Rugosa (1)
-
-
-
-
Echinodermata
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Crinozoa
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Crinoidea (3)
-
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Echinozoa
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Echinoidea (1)
-
-
-
Mollusca
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Bivalvia
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Pterioida
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Pteriina
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Anthraconauta (1)
-
-
-
-
Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea
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Ammonites (1)
-
-
-
Gastropoda
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Naticidae (1)
-
Neogastropoda
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Muricidae (1)
-
-
-
-
Porifera
-
Stromatoporoidea
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Amphipora (1)
-
-
-
Protista
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Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina
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Rotaliacea
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Ammonia (1)
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Thecamoeba (2)
-
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isostasy (3)
-
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stable isotopes
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
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O-18/O-16 (29)
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S-33/S-32 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (7)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (17)
-
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land subsidence (1)
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magmas (20)
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Malay Archipelago
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mantle (6)
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-
Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Blairmore Group (1)
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Dakota Formation (1)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
upper Albian (1)
-
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Barremian (1)
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Cadomin Formation (1)
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Cedar Mountain Formation (1)
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Mannville Group (6)
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McMurray Formation (3)
-
-
Mancos Shale (1)
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Middle Cretaceous (2)
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Potomac Group (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Bearpaw Formation (1)
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Campanian (2)
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Cardium Formation (2)
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Ferron Sandstone Member (1)
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Horseshoe Canyon Formation (3)
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Kanguk Formation (1)
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K-T boundary (2)
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Maestrichtian
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lower Maestrichtian (1)
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Niobrara Formation (1)
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Oldman Formation (1)
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Pierre Shale (1)
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Prince Creek Formation (1)
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Turonian (2)
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Two Medicine Formation (1)
-
-
Viking Formation (2)
-
Whitemud Formation (2)
-
-
Jurassic
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Heather Formation (1)
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Kingak Shale (1)
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Lower Jurassic
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lower Liassic (2)
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Nordegg Member (1)
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Sinemurian (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
-
Bajocian
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Tarbert Formation (1)
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Bathonian (1)
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Callovian (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
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Brushy Basin Member (1)
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Kimmeridge Clay (1)
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Kimmeridgian (1)
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Morrison Formation (2)
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Oxfordian (1)
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Salt Wash Sandstone Member (2)
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Volgian (1)
-
-
-
lower Mesozoic (1)
-
Mist Mountain Formation (1)
-
Nugget Sandstone (1)
-
Triassic
-
Charlie Lake Formation (1)
-
Lower Triassic
-
Smithian (1)
-
Spathian (2)
-
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (6)
-
Doig Formation (9)
-
-
Montney Formation (10)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Mercia Mudstone (1)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (1)
-
-
metal ores
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antimony ores (1)
-
base metals (1)
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bismuth ores (1)
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chromite ores (2)
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cobalt ores (3)
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copper ores (22)
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gold ores (11)
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IOCG deposits (1)
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iron ores (4)
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lead ores (7)
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lead-zinc deposits (5)
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lithium ores (1)
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molybdenum ores (3)
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nickel ores (25)
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palladium ores (1)
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platinum ores (12)
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polymetallic ores (1)
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rare earth deposits (1)
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silver ores (7)
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strontium ores (1)
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tin ores (1)
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tungsten ores (1)
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uranium ores (2)
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zinc ores (8)
-
-
metals
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actinides
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uranium (2)
-
-
alkali metals
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cesium
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Cs-137 (2)
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-
lithium (3)
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sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
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barium (1)
-
beryllium
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Be-10 (3)
-
-
calcium (2)
-
magnesium (4)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (17)
-
-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (2)
-
-
arsenic (1)
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cobalt (1)
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copper (1)
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gold (1)
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hafnium (1)
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iron (1)
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (4)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
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Pb-210 (1)
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manganese (1)
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nickel (1)
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platinum group
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palladium ores (1)
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platinum ores (12)
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ruthenium (1)
-
-
precious metals (1)
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
-
-
-
silver (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (1)
-
eclogite (1)
-
marbles (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
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metakomatiite (1)
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serpentinite (2)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks (3)
-
metasomatic rocks
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serpentinite (2)
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skarn (2)
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steatite (1)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (2)
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quartzites (4)
-
schists
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greenschist (1)
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greenstone (3)
-
-
-
metamorphism (8)
-
metasomatism (17)
-
meteorites
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iron meteorites
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octahedrite
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Henbury Meteorite (1)
-
-
-
stony meteorites
-
chondrites
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carbonaceous chondrites
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CV chondrites
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Allende Meteorite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Mexico
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Baja California Mexico (1)
-
Baja California Sur Mexico (1)
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Chiapas Mexico (1)
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Guerrero Mexico (1)
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Quintana Roo Mexico (1)
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Sierra Madre del Sur (1)
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Valley of Mexico (1)
-
-
mineral deposits, genesis (35)
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mineral exploration (25)
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mineral resources (3)
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mineralogy (2)
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mining geology (2)
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Moon (1)
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museums (2)
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nitrogen
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N-15/N-14 (1)
-
-
North America
-
Appalachian Basin (2)
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Appalachians
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Piedmont (1)
-
Valley and Ridge Province (1)
-
-
Basin and Range Province
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Great Basin (6)
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-
Canadian Shield
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Churchill Province
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Cape Smith fold belt (2)
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-
Flin Flon Belt (1)
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Slave Province (1)
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Superior Province
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Abitibi Belt (1)
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Kapuskasing Zone (1)
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-
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Dakota Aquifer (1)
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Glacier National Park (1)
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Great Lakes
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Great Plains
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Northern Great Plains (3)
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Gulf Coastal Plain (3)
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Keweenawan Rift (1)
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Michigan Basin (2)
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North American Cordillera
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Canadian Cordillera (6)
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North American Craton (1)
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Okanagan Valley (1)
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Purcell Mountains (1)
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Rio Grande Rift (1)
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Rocky Mountains
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (8)
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Northern Rocky Mountains (3)
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Southern Rocky Mountains (1)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Absaroka Range
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Beartooth Mountains (1)
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-
Bighorn Mountains (1)
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Bitterroot Range
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Beaverhead Mountains (1)
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-
Owl Creek Mountains (1)
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Wasatch Range (5)
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-
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Shuswap Complex (1)
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Tintina Fault (1)
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Transcontinental Arch (1)
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Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (32)
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Western Interior (4)
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Williston Basin (8)
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Yukon River (1)
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Yukon-Tanana Terrane (1)
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-
nuclear facilities (1)
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ocean circulation (1)
-
Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 165
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ODP Site 1000 (1)
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ODP Site 1001 (1)
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ODP Site 999 (1)
-
-
-
ocean floors (3)
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oil and gas fields (35)
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orogeny (10)
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oxygen
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dissolved oxygen (4)
-
O-18/O-16 (29)
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Pacific Coast (4)
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Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Cascadia Channel (1)
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Gulf of California (1)
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Mendocino fracture zone (1)
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-
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North Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Cascadia Channel (1)
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Gulf of California (1)
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Mendocino fracture zone (1)
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Northwest Pacific
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South China Sea
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Malay Basin (1)
-
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Yellow Sea
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Bohai Sea
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Bohai Bay (1)
-
-
-
-
-
South Pacific
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Southwest Pacific
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Coral Sea
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Great Barrier Reef (1)
-
-
-
-
West Pacific
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Banda Arc (1)
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Northwest Pacific
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South China Sea
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Malay Basin (1)
-
-
Yellow Sea
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Bohai Sea
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Bohai Bay (1)
-
-
-
-
Southwest Pacific
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Coral Sea
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Great Barrier Reef (1)
-
-
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Sunda Shelf (1)
-
-
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Pacific region (1)
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paleoclimatology (17)
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paleoecology (32)
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paleogeography (38)
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paleomagnetism (8)
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paleontology (13)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Brigham Group (2)
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Middle Cambrian
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Flathead Sandstone (1)
-
-
Upper Cambrian
-
Pilgrim Formation (1)
-
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Lower Carboniferous
-
Dinantian (3)
-
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian
-
Fort Payne Formation (1)
-
Kinderhookian
-
Banff Formation (2)
-
-
Lodgepole Formation (1)
-
-
Middle Mississippian
-
Visean (2)
-
-
Upper Mississippian
-
Serpukhovian (1)
-
-
-
Pennsylvanian (2)
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Westphalian (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Beaverhill Lake Group (16)
-
Fisset Brook Formation (2)
-
Keg River Formation (7)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Emsian (3)
-
Pragian (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Elk Point Group (4)
-
Givetian
-
Horn Plateau Formation (2)
-
-
Prairie Evaporite (3)
-
Sulphur Point Formation (2)
-
Winnipegosis Formation (3)
-
-
Miette Complex (1)
-
Ramparts Formation (1)
-
Slave Point Formation (8)
-
Swan Hills Formation (22)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Duperow Formation (1)
-
Famennian
-
Wabamun Group (9)
-
-
Frasnian
-
Leduc Formation (18)
-
-
Grosmont Formation (5)
-
Jefferson Group (1)
-
Nisku Formation (7)
-
-
Waterways Formation (8)
-
-
Exshaw Formation (3)
-
Horton Group (1)
-
middle Paleozoic (1)
-
Oquirrh Formation (1)
-
Ordovician
-
Eureka Quartzite (2)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Beekmantown Group (1)
-
Ellenburger Group (1)
-
Saint George Group (1)
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Tremadocian (1)
-
-
Middle Ordovician (1)
-
Trenton Group (1)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Bighorn Dolomite (1)
-
-
-
Permian
-
Rotliegendes (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Zechstein (1)
-
-
-
Sauk Sequence (1)
-
Silurian
-
Middle Silurian
-
Clinton Group (1)
-
-
-
Tippecanoe Sequence (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Bakken Formation (2)
-
Kaskaskia Sequence (1)
-
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (2)
-
Dinoflagellata (8)
-
miospores
-
pollen (9)
-
-
-
paragenesis (6)
-
permafrost (2)
-
petroleum
-
natural gas
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coalbed methane (1)
-
shale gas (1)
-
-
-
petrology (11)
-
Phanerozoic (3)
-
placers (1)
-
Plantae
-
algae
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Chlorophyta
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Charophyta (1)
-
-
Coccolithophoraceae (1)
-
diatoms (3)
-
nannofossils (1)
-
-
Spermatophyta
-
Angiospermae
-
Dicotyledoneae
-
Magnoliidae (1)
-
-
Monocotyledoneae (1)
-
-
Gymnospermae
-
Coniferales
-
Pinaceae
-
Pinus (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
plate tectonics (30)
-
pollution (9)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Amisk Group (1)
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Blake River Group (1)
-
-
Kisseynew Complex (1)
-
Purcell System (1)
-
Stillwater Complex (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (1)
-
Revett Quartzite (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic (5)
-
Paleoproterozoic (7)
-
Pocatello Formation (1)
-
Roan Supergroup (1)
-
-
-
-
reclamation (1)
-
reefs (54)
-
remote sensing (15)
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reservoirs (1)
-
roads (1)
-
rock mechanics (1)
-
sea water (2)
-
sea-floor spreading (1)
-
sea-level changes (33)
-
sedimentary petrology (35)
-
sedimentary rocks
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bone beds (1)
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carbonate rocks
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beachrock (1)
-
boundstone (3)
-
dolostone (24)
-
grainstone (3)
-
limestone
-
calcarenite (1)
-
coquina (1)
-
dolomitic limestone (1)
-
micrite (1)
-
microbialite (1)
-
-
packstone (3)
-
rudstone (1)
-
travertine (2)
-
wackestone (2)
-
-
chemically precipitated rocks
-
evaporites
-
salt (1)
-
-
iron formations
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banded iron formations (2)
-
-
-
clastic rocks
-
arenite
-
quartz arenite (2)
-
-
black shale (1)
-
claystone (2)
-
conglomerate (5)
-
marl (4)
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mudstone (11)
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sandstone (20)
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shale (11)
-
siltstone (8)
-
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coal (3)
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oil sands (5)
-
-
sedimentary structures
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bedding plane irregularities
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dune structures (1)
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ripple marks (1)
-
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biogenic structures
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algal structures
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algal mats (1)
-
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banks (2)
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bioherms
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mud mounds (2)
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bioturbation (9)
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carbonate banks (1)
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thrombolites (1)
-
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planar bedding structures
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bedding (2)
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cross-stratification (1)
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laminations (6)
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sand bodies (3)
-
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secondary structures
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armored mud balls (1)
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stylolites (6)
-
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seismites (1)
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soft sediment deformation
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clastic dikes (1)
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flame structures (1)
-
-
-
sedimentation (52)
-
sediments
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carbonate sediments (3)
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clastic sediments
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alluvium (7)
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boulders (1)
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clay (3)
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colluvium (1)
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diamicton (1)
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dust (2)
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erratics (1)
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loess (1)
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mud (3)
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overbank sediments (1)
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sand (3)
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till (2)
-
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marine sediments (2)
-
peat (3)
-
-
seismology (24)
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selenium (2)
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shorelines (5)
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slope stability (2)
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soil mechanics (2)
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soils
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acid sulfate soils (1)
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Entisols (1)
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Inceptisols (1)
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South America
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Andes
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Central Andes (1)
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Eastern Cordillera (1)
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Argentina (2)
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springs (3)
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stratigraphy (56)
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structural analysis (7)
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structural geology (16)
-
sulfur
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S-33/S-32 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (7)
-
-
symposia (3)
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tectonics
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neotectonics (22)
-
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tectonophysics (4)
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thallophytes (3)
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thermal waters (1)
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underground installations (1)
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United States
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Trans-Alaska Pipeline (1)
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Arizona
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Atlantic Coastal Plain
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California
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San Francisco Bay
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San Francisco Bay region (2)
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Sonoma County California (1)
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Ventura County California
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Simi Valley California (1)
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Carolina Terrane (1)
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Coeur d'Alene mining district (1)
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Colorado
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Fremont County Colorado (2)
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Leadville mining district (1)
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Florida
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Choctawhatchee Bay (1)
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Georgia (1)
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Idaho
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Ada County Idaho
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Lemhi Range (2)
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Oneida County Idaho (1)
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Missouri River (2)
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Montana
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Flathead Lake (1)
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Nebraska
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Nevada
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East Humboldt Range (1)
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Ohio
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Oklahoma
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Meers Fault (1)
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Oregon
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Texas
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West Texas (1)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Absaroka Range
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Beartooth Mountains (1)
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Bighorn Mountains (1)
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Bitterroot Range
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Beaverhead Mountains (1)
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Owl Creek Mountains (1)
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Wasatch Range (5)
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Uinta Basin (1)
-
Utah
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Box Elder County Utah (2)
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Sevier Desert (1)
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Virginia (2)
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Wasatch fault zone (22)
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Washington
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Jackson Hole (1)
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Yakima fold belt (1)
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Yavapai Province (2)
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USSR (1)
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weathering (2)
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well-logging (7)
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rock formations
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Fort Union Formation (1)
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Halfway Formation (3)
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Paskapoo Formation (3)
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Rundle Group (2)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
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floatstone (2)
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laminite (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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bone beds (1)
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carbonate rocks
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dolomitic limestone (1)
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microbialite (1)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
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Availability
Swan Lake
Recognition of New Potential of Swan Lake Field, Jackson County, Texas: ABSTRACT Free
PALEOTOPOGRAPHY ON THE INTRA-SWAN HILLS FORMATION UNCONFORMITY IN AN ISOLATED PLATFORM, CARSON CREEK NORTH FIELD (UPPER DEVONIAN, FRASNIAN), AND IMPLICATIONS FOR REGIONAL STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION IN THE BEAVERHILL LAKE GROUP, SOUTHERN ALBERTA, CANADA: THE CASE OF THE MISSING REGRESSION Available to Purchase
Abstract: The Carson Creek North Field is an Upper Devonian isolated reef-rimmed buildup in the Swan Hills Formation of the subsurface Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. The Swan Hills Formation belongs to the Beaverhill Lake Group, which contains three regionally defined sequences. The sequence boundaries at the base of the middle sequence (BHL2.1 SB) and the upper sequence (BHL3.1 SB) are present within the Carson Creek North buildup, dividing it into three evolutionary stages (lower atoll stage, upper atoll stage, and shoal stage). The BHL2.1 SB is a locally exposed surface at the top of the lower atoll stage, during which the Carson Creek North buildup evolved from a low-angle ramp to a steep-sided reef margin enclosing a restricted lagoon. The BHL3.1 SB is a regional subaerial exposure surface at the top of the upper atoll stage, also known as the intra-Swan Hills unconformity (ISHU). The upper atoll stage consists of backstepping reef margin cycles, and the shoal stage overlying the ISHU contains backstepping ramps culminating in drowning of the Carson Creek North buildup; therefore, the ISHU occurs within a continuously backstepping margin succession. The ISHU demonstrates ~13 m of paleotopographic relief within the Carson Creek North buildup, yet it is not associated with a regressive margin. The Beaverhill Lake Group also contains shallow-water carbonates in the southeastern part of the Western Canada basin (Eastern Shelf) that are partly equivalent to the Swan Hills Formation. The Eastern Shelf carbonates are separated from Carson Creek North by more than 100 km across the Waterways shale basin. A regressive facies succession is present just below the BHL3.1 SB in the Eastern Shelf area, followed by an intrabasin lowstand corresponding to a hiatus during which paleotopography developed on the ISHU at Carson Creek North. The Eastern Shelf succession thus contains the missing regression across the ISHU at Carson Creek North. The lowstand was followed by gradual regional flooding that included deposition of the Carson Creek North shoal stage ramps. Stratigraphic comparisons among Carson Creek North, the Swan Hills Formation, and the Eastern Shelf areas indicate that regional differential subsidence patterns and initial basin floor topography were the most likely reasons for the divergent stratigraphic architecture. The origin of the ISHU itself remains unresolved, but it could be linked to a global eustatic event near the base of the Frasnian Stage, enhanced by tectonic activity in the Western Canada Basin.
Stratigraphy and Holocene History of Lake Hayward, Swan Coastal Plain Wetlands, Western Australia Available to Purchase
Abstract: Lake Hayward is a small coastal hypersaline lake in the Clifton-Preston lakeland system of southwestern Australia. The lake is a Na-Cl-SO 4 brine, compositionally similar to seawater, with a salinity exceeding 200 g/l in summer. Although only 2.75 m deep, it is thermally and chemically stratified between April and January. Groundwater tepees, desiccation features, crusts, gas escape structures, and degrading benthic microbial mats (BMC) occur around the lake margins. Pleistocene carbonate pinnacles acted as nucleation sites for carbonate-precipitating microbialite communities. In the lake center, the surface is covered with non-carbonate precipitating BMC communities, underlain by a thin gypsum layer. The stratigraphy established from 20 cores shows a disconformable transition from Pleistocene eolian coastal-dune sedimentation at the base of the cores to a Holocene limnic swamp. The swamp phase is dated at about 8,000 years BP. Holocene deposition began when rising sea level caused the freshwater swamp to develop over the Pleistocene dune sand and calcretized calcarenite. Wetland conditions became predominant with progressively higher sea level and concomitant rise in water table. Dune barriers were breached and for a short interval Hayward became part of a complex marine inlet with a marine fauna. Gradual lowering of sea level isolated Hayward from the rest of the system. Since 7,000 yr BP, a saline lacustrine environment has prevailed. The lacustrine sediments are laminated and dominated by chemically and biologically precipitated carbonates. Significant amounts of diagenetic dolomite are present. The lake-center cores contain -25 percent TOC. At Lake Clifton, the latest part of a pre-lacustrine marine inlet phase has been dated at between 4,670 and 3,890 yr BP, ending later than at Lake Hayward. Lake Hayward apparently became isolated from the ocean earlier than Lake Clifton and consequently has a longer lacustrine sedimentary record.
On: “Seismic signature of a Swan Hills (Frasnian) reef reservoir, Snipe Lake, Alberta; discussion and reply Available to Purchase
Seismic signature of a Swan Hills (Frasnian) reef reservoir, Snipe Lake, Alberta Available to Purchase
Bison remains from a Lake Agassiz spit complex in the Swan River valley, Manitoba: depositional environment and paleoecological implications Free
Facies and Porosity Distribution, Swan Hills Reef Complex, Snipe Lake Oil Field, Alberta, Canada: ABSTRACT Free
Geology of Beaverhill Lake Reefs, Swan Hills Area, Alberta Available to Purchase
Abstract The discovery in 1957 of oil in the remote Swan Hills region, 125 mi northwest of Edmonton, began a wave of exploration similar to that following the 1947 Leduc discovery which started the postwar oil boom in Western Canada. By the end of 1967 more than 1,800 wells had been drilled to explore and develop the Swan Hills region. Drilling has established in-place reserves of more than 5.9 billion bbl of oil and 4.5 trillion ft 3 of gas. Devonian sedimentary rocks unconformably overlie an eroded Cambrian section in the southeast part of the Swan Hills region; in the northwest part of the region, Devonian rocks lap onto the Precambrian granite of the Peace River arch. Three positive features—the Tathlina uplift, Peace River arch, and the Western Alberta ridge—profoundly influenced Middle Devonian Upper Elk Point and Late Devonian Beaverhill Lake sedimentation. An embayment, shielded on the north by the emergent Peace River arch and on the south and west by the nearly emergent Western Alberta ridge, provided an environment conducive to reef development in the central Swan Hills region. Carbonate-bank deposition flanking the Western Alberta ridge in the south and southwestern part of the study area persisted throughout the time of Beaverhill Lake deposition. These beds merge with the overlying Woodbend reef system. Recent changes proposed in Beaverhill Lake nomenclature include the elevation of the Beaverhill Lake to group status and the Swan Hills Member to formation status. The term Swan Hills Formation, as used herein, refers to the reef and carbonate-bank facies of the Beaverhill Lake Group, whereas the term Waterways Formation is applied to the offreef shale and limestone facies. The Swan Hills Formation is considered to be equivalent in age to the Calmut and younger members of the Waterways Formation. The Swan Hills Formation is divided into Light Brown and Dark Brown members. Swan Hills reefs attained a thickness greater than 300 ft, whereas the carbonate- bank facies commonly exceeds 400 ft in thickness. Changing sedimentary and environmental conditions produced a complex reef facies; six major stages are postulated in the development of the undolomitized reef from which the Swan Hills field is producing. Stromatoporoids are the dominant reef-building organisms; abundant Amphipora characterize the restricted lagoonal facies. Although the total impact of Swan Hills production on the provincial economy is difficult to determine, the $184 million paid by the industry to acquire Crown lands in the region during the 10-year period after the initial discovery attests to the economic importance of the Swan Hills producing region.