... copper district. The largest of these veins, at Steenkampskraal, has been mined intermittently since the late 1950s for thorium. Field relationships demonstrate that the monazite-apatite vein of Steenkampskraal is parallel to a sheared, cuspate anticline strikingly similar to the well-known steep...

...Fig. 4. Chondrite-normalised (chondrite values from Anders & Grevesse, 1989 ) REE distribution in Type I (phosphate-rich) and Type IV (siliceous ore) mineralisation from the Steenkampskraal mine (from Andreoli et al. , 1994 ). ...

... remain highly contentious ( Li et al., 2013 ). The production of radioactive mine waste and the processing of radioactive ore during REE mining, especially during the exploitation of Th- and U-bearing mineralization (e.g., monazite stockpiles in India, at Steenkampskraal in South Africa, and at Mary...

... , 587 – 94 . Glendinning , J.E. ( 1996 ) Factors influencing the mobility of uranium, thorium and rare earth elements at the Steenkampskraal monazite mine, North Western Cape . Unpublished MSc Dissertation, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town . Grenthe , I...

... Cosmochimica Acta , 63 , 1263 – 1275 . Ross , D. , Gardiner , M. and Longworth , G. , 1996 . Colloid-mediated actinide migration – A study of the Steenkampskraal Mine site (R&D> Technical Report P179) . Environment Agency , Bristol , 37 pp. SANS: 241. , 2005 . South...

... suite in Large Ion Lithophile (LIL) and High Field Strength (HFS) elements, as exemplified by the ~5 x 10 5 tonnes of monazite-chalcopyrite concentrate once mined from the Steenkampskraal thorium mine ( Andreoli et al., 1994 ; 2006 ; Schoch and Conradie, 1990 ) would have to be explained by a highly...

... discovered and put into production. The opening of the Steenkampskraal mine in South Africa, Mountain Pass in California, and Karnasurt (Lovozero) in the Russian Arctic in the early 1950s heralded the beginning of a new era: rare earths were now valuable enough to move mining from placers into bedrock (see...

... ; Wall, 2014 ; Cuney and Kyser, 2015 ), forming high grade ‘hard rock’ deposits such as Steenkampskraal, South Africa (Andreoli et al. , 1994 ) and Kangankunde, Malawi (Wall and Mariano, 1996 ), as well as forming in secondary environments such as laterites (e.g. Mt Weld, Western Australia...

... grade metamorphism and polyphase deformation. It is the host to world class base metal sulphide resources that have been mined for more than a century. Most of these mines are no longer in production such that the Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag mines in the Aggeneys-Gamsberg Ore District (A-GOD), with a total output...

... , Steenkampskraal—our low-cost, high-grade mining operation in South Africa: Great Western Minerals Group Ltd . Web page, www.gwmg.ca/mining-operations/overview , accessed October 9, 2015. Greenland Minerals and Energy Ltd. , 2012 , Ilimaussaq complex—specialty metals (Kvanefjeld): Greenland Minerals...

... ( Migdisov et al., 2016 ). Across the globe, there are a number of vein- and breccia-style REE orebodies (e.g., Steenkampskraal, Hoidas Lake, Nolans Bore, Gallinas, Olserum-Djupedal) with inferred hydrothermal origins, but almost all of these deposits have demonstrable links with magmatism ( Williams-Jones...

...S. Lohmeier; J. Machleidt; R. Klemd; R. Ellmies Abstract The Okorusu carbonatite complex and the mine’s tailings dump constitute a potential resource of rare earth elements meaning lanthanides and yttrium (REY). Small (≤100 μm), hydrothermal REE fluorcarbonates (bastnäsite, parisite, röntgenite...

... in the analyzed samples were normalized to the respective contents in the Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) ( Taylor and McLennan, 1985 ); the normalized value is marked by the subscript N. The northern wall of the pit E in the Kamysh-Burun mine strips all five units (KB-I through KB-V) of early...

... for reference. (B) Simplified geologic map of UThor deposit. (C) Oblique view of UThor deposit looking southeast from mining access road. Approximate location of viewpoint is given in B. The approximate outline of the ore body, the Pinto Gneiss, Dog Wash Gneiss, and metadiorite are marked. Mining roads...

... the feasibility of imaging REE deposits using remote sensing. Samples were selected to cover a wide range of extents and styles of REE mineralization, and encompass calcio-, ferro- and magnesio-carbonatites. REE ores from the Bayan Obo (China) and Mountain Pass (United States) mines, as well as REE-rich alkaline...

... ; Holmes and Cahen 1955 , Aldrich et al. 1956 , Tilton and Nicolaysen 1957 ). b. To quantify the difference between the 235 U- 207 Pb and Th-Pb ages, we used {[( 235 U- 207 Pb age)-(Th- 208 Pb age)]/(Th- 208 Pb age)}*100. For the Steenkampskraal monazite, 238 U- 206 Pb age and Mount Isa 207 Pb- 206...

.... Furthermore, in monazite the Ln elemental distributions also vary as a result of the different conditions and reaction mechanisms. In a study of monazite from the Steenkampskraal mine, South Africa, Read et al. ( 2002 ) have shown that the heavy Ln and Y are released and precipitated locally...