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Standard for the Exchange of Earthquake Data

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Mean total residuals for NGA‐East Standard for Exchange of Earthquake Data (SEED) GMMs (M 4–5.8). Error bars show standard deviation. (a) PGA 0–10 and 10–40 km and (b) PSA1.0 0–10 and 10–40 km.

Mean total residuals for NGA‐East Standard for Exchange of Earthquake Data ... Available to Purchase

Published: 20 November 2018
Figure 4. Mean total residuals for NGA‐East Standard for Exchange of Earthquake Data (SEED) GMMs (M 4–5.8). Error bars show standard deviation. (a) PGA 0–10 and 10–40 km and (b) PSA1.0 0–10 and 10–40 km.
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While dataless Standard for Exchange of Earthquake Data (SEED) and Federation of Digital Seismic Networks (FDSN) StationXML describe seismic data, they only contain the subset of information describing a seismic station contained in the green oval. Network operators who maintain seismic stations must know additional information contained in the orange oval such as the specific equipment at a site, how they are connected, their configuration, firmware version, and more. SIS, Station Information System.

While dataless Standard for Exchange of Earthquake Data (SEED) and Federati... Available to Purchase

Published: 22 November 2017
Figure 1. While dataless Standard for Exchange of Earthquake Data (SEED) and Federation of Digital Seismic Networks (FDSN) StationXML describe seismic data, they only contain the subset of information describing a seismic station contained in the green oval. Network operators who maintain seismic
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Example miniSEED and dataless Standard for the Exchange of Earthquake Data (SEED) layout. (a) Each miniSEED record contains a fixed section of data header, followed by blockettes, and finally encoded data. (b) Each dataless SEED record contains volume index control headers, followed by station metadata, which is further broken down into channel metadata. It is possible to combine miniSEED with dataless SEED to produce full SEED.

Example miniSEED and dataless Standard for the Exchange of Earthquake Data ... Available to Purchase

Published: 23 September 2015
Figure 1. Example miniSEED and dataless Standard for the Exchange of Earthquake Data ( SEED ) layout. (a) Each miniSEED record contains a fixed section of data header, followed by blockettes, and finally encoded data. (b) Each dataless SEED record contains volume index control headers, followed
Journal Article

Seismic Event Identification: Context to Confidence Open Access

Richard Alfaro‐Diaz, Jonas A. Kintner, Josh D. Carmichael
Published: 30 April 2025
The Seismic Record (2025) 5 (2): 155–164.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0320250005
... combine multiple lines of evidence. We integrate these disparate observations via Bayesian hierarchical modeling to structure data and exchange of information across data categories. Unlike standard approaches with deterministic seismic event‐type labels, our framework provides a quantitative measure...
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(a) Process of extraction. (b) The result of digitizing the analog seismic waveform recorded by SK seismograph of Kunming seismic station, 12 January 1985. The sampling rate is 3.3898 and the time is 1390 s. SAC, Seismic Analysis Code; SEED, Standard for Exchange of Earthquake Data.

(a) Process of extraction. (b) The result of digitizing the analog seismic ... Available to Purchase

Published: 24 June 2020
Figure 10. (a) Process of extraction. (b) The result of digitizing the analog seismic waveform recorded by SK seismograph of Kunming seismic station, 12 January 1985. The sampling rate is 3.3898 and the time is 1390 s. SAC, Seismic Analysis Code; SEED, Standard for Exchange of Earthquake Data.
Journal Article

DynTriPy: A Python Package for Detecting Dynamic Earthquake Triggering Signals Available to Purchase

Naidan Yun, Hongfeng Yang, Shiyong Zhou
Published: 21 October 2020
Seismological Research Letters (2021) 92 (1): 543–554.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200216
... triggering on a global scale. Various data formats are supported, such as Seismic Analysis Code, mini Standard for Exchange of Earthquake Data (miniSEED), and SEED. To tune parameters more conveniently, we build a function to generate a database that stores power integrals in different time and frequency...
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Journal Article

Development of a Geodetic Component for the U.S. West Coast Earthquake Early Warning System Available to Purchase

J. R. Murray, B. W. Crowell, R. Grapenthin, K. Hodgkinson, J. O. Langbein, T. Melbourne, D. Melgar, S. E. Minson, D. A. Schmidt
Published: 03 October 2018
Seismological Research Letters (2018) 89 (6): 2322–2336.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220180162
... production system. In parallel, improvements to geodetic networks and streamlining approaches to data processing and exchange will ensure robust geodetic data availability in the event of an earthquake. 29 May 2018 © Seismological Society of America The West Coast of the continental United...
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View PDF for article title, Development of a Geodetic Component for the U.S. West Coast <span class="search-highlight">Earthquake</span> Early Warning System
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Flowchart of the complete automatic seismic processor (CASP) procedure for compiling, in a fully automatic way, seismic datasets. EIDA, European Integrated Data Archive; RSNI, Regional Seismic Network of northwestern Italy; SEED, standard for the exchange of earthquake data. The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.

Flowchart of the complete automatic seismic processor (CASP) procedure for ... Available to Purchase

Published: 10 April 2019
Figure 1. Flowchart of the complete automatic seismic processor (CASP) procedure for compiling, in a fully automatic way, seismic datasets. EIDA, European Integrated Data Archive; RSNI, Regional Seismic Network of northwestern Italy; SEED, standard for the exchange of earthquake data. The color
Journal Article

QuakeLabeler: A Fast Seismic Data Set Creation and Annotation Toolbox for AI Applications Available to Purchase

Hao Mai, Pascal Audet
Published: 02 February 2022
Seismological Research Letters (2022) 93 (2A): 997–1010.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220210290
... statistical graphics and human‐readable output files can be generated. Various file export formats are supported, such as Seismic Analysis Code (*.sac), mini Standard for Exchange of Earthquake Data (*.mseed), NumPy (*.npz), MATLAB (*.mat), and the Hierarchical Data Format version 5 (*.hdf5). This toolbox...
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View PDF for article title, QuakeLabeler: A Fast Seismic <span class="search-highlight">Data</span> Set Creation and Annotation Toolbox for AI Applications
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Journal Article

Seismicity Monitoring in North‐Central New Mexico by the Los Alamos Seismic Network Available to Purchase

Leigh House, Peter Roberts
Published: 09 October 2019
Seismological Research Letters (2020) 91 (2A): 593–600.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220190208
... data and to initiate real‐time exchange of data with other institutions to improve earthquake monitoring throughout New Mexico and neighboring states. During more than 40 yr of operation, the network has provided a slow but steady increase in the volume of earthquake seismograms available to study...
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Journal Article

Digitization of the Carnegie Analog Broadband Instruments Tape Records (1965–1996) Available to Purchase

Steven Golden, Lara S. Wagner, Brian Schleigh, Daniela Power, Diana C. Roman, Selwyn I. Sacks, Helen Janiszewski
Published: 26 February 2020
Seismological Research Letters (2020) 91 (3): 1441–1451.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220190334
... of this dataset. To overcome these issues, we have undertaken an ongoing effort to digitize this dataset with the goal of making it publicly available in Standard for the Exchange of Earthquake Data (SEED) format at the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Data Management Center (IRIS DMC). One...
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Journal Article

A Review of Timing Accuracy across the Global Seismographic Network Available to Purchase

Adam T. Ringler, Robert E. Anthony, David C. Wilson, Dan Auerbach, Scott Bargabus, Pete Davis, Michael Gunnels, Katrin Hafner, James F. Holland, Aaron Kearns, Erik Klimczak
Published: 31 March 2021
Seismological Research Letters (2021) 92 (4): 2270–2281.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200394
... an in situ method and discussing how timing quality is encoded into the Standard for Exchange of Earthquake Data (SEED) format. We begin by reviewing how modern digitizers use the atomic clocks in GPS satellites to attain accurate timing and discuss some of the issues that can arise in this process. We...
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Journal Article

The Station Information System (SIS): A Centralized Repository for Populating, Managing, and Distributing Metadata of the Advanced National Seismic System Stations Available to Purchase

Ellen Yu, Prabha Acharya, Justin Jaramillo, Sue Kientz, Valerie Thomas, Egill Hauksson
Published: 22 November 2017
Seismological Research Letters (2018) 89 (1): 47–55.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220170130
...Figure 1. While dataless Standard for Exchange of Earthquake Data (SEED) and Federation of Digital Seismic Networks (FDSN) StationXML describe seismic data, they only contain the subset of information describing a seismic station contained in the green oval. Network operators who maintain seismic...
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Journal Article

The OGS–Northeastern Italy Seismic and Deformation Network: Current Status and Outlook Available to Purchase

Pier Luigi Bragato, Paolo Comelli, Angela Saraò, David Zuliani, Luca Moratto, Valerio Poggi, Giuliana Rossi, Chiara Scaini, Monica Sugan, Carla Barnaba, Paolo Bernardi, Michele Bertoni, Gianni Bressan, Alessio Compagno, Elvio Del Negro, Paolo Di Bartolomeo, Paolo Fabris, Marco Garbin, Maurizio Grossi, Andrea Magrin, Enrico Magrin, Damiano Pesaresi, Bojana Petrovic, Milton Percy Plasencia Linares, Marco Romanelli, Adriano Snidarcig, Lavinia Tunini, Sandro Urban, Elisa Venturini, Stefano Parolai
Published: 10 March 2021
Seismological Research Letters (2021) 92 (3): 1704–1716.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200372
... for Seismological Research of OGS in Udine. The OGS networks operate in close cooperation with Italian and international networks from neighboring countries, within the framework of the agreements for real‐time data exchange, to obtain improved rapid earthquake location and magnitude estimations. Information...
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Journal Article

German Seismic and Infrasound Networks Contributing to the European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA) Available to Purchase

Klaus Stammler, Monika Bischoff, Andrea Brüstle, Lars Ceranna, Stefanie Donner, Kasper Fischer, Peter Gaebler, Wolfgang Friederich, Sigward Funke, Gernot Hartmann, Benjamin Homuth, Brigitte Knapmeyer‐Endrun, Michael Korn, Tobias Megies, Christoph Pilger, Thomas Plenefisch, Ina Pustal, Ivo Rappsilber, Bernd Schmidt, Lutz Sonnabend, Stefan Stange, Joachim Wassermann, Ulrich Wegler
Published: 07 April 2021
Seismological Research Letters (2021) 92 (3): 1854–1875.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200401
.... The establishment of the European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA) led to a consolidation of existing waveform data exchange mechanisms and their definition as standards in Europe, along with a harmonization of the applied data quality assurance procedures. In Germany, the German Regional Seismic Network as national...
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Journal Article

METEOR: Online Seismic Metadata Builder Available to Purchase

Jérôme Chèze, Christophe Maron, Diane Rivet, Fabrice Peix, Didier Brunel, Xavier Martin, Bertrand Delouis
Published: 23 December 2020
Seismological Research Letters (2021) 92 (2A): 1141–1147.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200217
... in the International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks Station Extended Markup Language format (FDSN StationXML) and the metadata‐only form of the Standard for Exchange of Earthquake Data (dataless SEED). METEOR is publicly available (see Data and Resources ). The metadata format commonly used today...
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Journal Article

Estimating Pole–Zero Errors in GSN ‐ IRIS / USGS Network Calibration Metadata Available to Purchase

A. T. Ringler, C. R. Hutt, R. Aster, H. Bolton, L. S. Gee, T. Storm
Published: 01 April 2012
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2012) 102 (2): 836–841.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110195
... ), as well as many other networks, this instrument response is represented as a Laplace domain pole–zero model and published in the Standard for the Exchange of Earthquake Data ( SEED ) format. This Laplace representation assumes that the seismometer behaves as a linear system, with any abrupt changes...
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Journal Article

Sensor Suite: The Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory Instrumentation Testing Suite Available to Purchase

A. Kearns, A. T. Ringler, J. Holland, T. Storm, D. C. Wilson, R. E. Anthony
Published: 12 September 2018
Seismological Research Letters (2018) 89 (6): 2374–2385.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220180174
... Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory (ASL) Sensor Test Suite. This software is written in Java and makes use of Seismological Exchange for Earthquake Data (SEED) format. Our goal is not to be all‐inclusive but instead to focus on a few of the instrumentation tests we view as critical when verifying a sensor’s...
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Orientation of the horizontal seismometer components (N and E) using the Global Seismographic Network (GSN)/Standard for Exchange of Earthquake Data (SEED) naming convention for a left‐handed coordinate system. Component Z emerges out of the page toward the reader. Misaligned components are named H1 and H2 accordingly. The angle δ is the instrument orientation. Angle α=θ+δ is determined by grid search (see the Method section for details). The measured arrival angle as used for further processing is α−SRBA (source–receiver back azimuth). In a heterogeneous Earth, the actual approach of a surface wave (SW) may deviate from the source–receiver great‐circle (GC) by several degrees.

Orientation of the horizontal seismometer components (N and E) using the Gl... Available to Purchase

Published: 17 January 2017
Figure 1. Orientation of the horizontal seismometer components (N and E) using the Global Seismographic Network (GSN)/Standard for Exchange of Earthquake Data (SEED) naming convention for a left‐handed coordinate system. Component Z emerges out of the page toward the reader. Misaligned components
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An illustration of the orientation of the horizontal seismometer components following the Standard for Exchange of Earthquake Data (SEED) naming convention for a left‐handed coordinate system on an ideal Earth. The vertical component (BHZ) emerges out of the page toward the reader, and the misaligned components are named BH1 and BH2, accordingly. The clockwise angle from the geographic north (North) to the nominal north direction (BH1) is defined as the sensor orientation and denoted by θO; the theoretical back azimuth connecting the source to the station along the great circle path is denoted as θT; whereas the measured back azimuth from the nominal north is denoted as θM (modified from Niu and Li, 2011; Wang et al., 2016; Doran and Laske, 2017).

An illustration of the orientation of the horizontal seismometer components... Available to Purchase

Published: 28 August 2019
Figure 1. An illustration of the orientation of the horizontal seismometer components following the Standard for Exchange of Earthquake Data (SEED) naming convention for a left‐handed coordinate system on an ideal Earth. The vertical component (BHZ) emerges out of the page toward the reader