Fig. 2.— A) Stratigraphic position of the Joggins and Springhill Mines formations in the Cumberland Group (modified after Ryan et al. 1990 and Davies et al. 2005 ). B) Continental reconstruction of the late Carboniferous world indicating the position of Joggins. The dashed white line

Figure 26. Vertical distribution chart of palynomorph taxa in selected samples from the inland type section of Springhill Mines Formation, and lower part of Ragged Reef Formation, Springhill Mines corehole SH-5 (see Figure 11 ). Taxa occurrences ordered according to earliest occurrence. Semi

Figure 25. Vertical distribution chart of palynomorph taxa in selected samples from the subsurface inland type section of Springhill Mines Formation, Springhill Mines corehole SH-99 (see Figure 11 ) ordered according to earliest occurrence. Semi-quantitative data show relative abundance of taxa

. Joggins Formation. B) Sandstone body displaying minor amounts of lateral accretion with a concentrically filled abandonment fill. Sandstone margin passes into a sandy wing (arrowed) that abruptly pinches out into poorly drained floodplain deposits. Geologist is 1.85 m tall. Springhill Mines Formation

Figure 4. Geographic distribution of rock units and location of samples in middle part of Joggins coastal section northeast of Shulie; Springhill Mines Formation coastal section; type section of Ragged Reef Formation.

Figure 5. Geographic distribution of rock units and location of samples from Springhill Mines Formation type area; coreholes SH-74, SH-99, SH-5.

and Springhill Mines formations in the south side of the salt wall. Potentially continued deposition of the Grande Anse Formation north of the wall (F; option two) with (G) deposition of Ragged Reef Formation in the south side of the salt wall, erosion processes at the north side of the salt wall at same time

Figure 11. Stratigraphic location of section sampled (bold vertical arrows) from the type section of the Springhill Mines Formation in the subsurface of the Springhill Mines area (coreholes SH-74, SH-99, SH-5), Nova Scotia. Depth in feet shown to the left of the rock column after the GSC

Figure 10. Stratigraphic location of section sampled (bold vertical arrows) from the Springhill Mines Formation, and type section of the lower Ragged Reef Formation, Joggins section, Nova Scotia. Letters C and CS to the right of the lithological column denote coal seam and coaly shale.

Figure 21. Vertical distribution chart of palynomorph taxa in selected samples from type section of Joggins Formation, and the Springhill Mines Formation, Joggins coastal section (Figures 9 and 10 ) ordered according to earliest occurrence. Semi-quantitative data show relative abundance of taxa

Figure 22. Vertical distribution chart of palynomorph taxa in selected samples from type section of the Springhill Mines Formation, and lowest part of the type section of the Ragged Reef Formation, Joggins coastal section (Figure 10 ) ordered according to earliest occurrence. Semi-quantitative

) . Stratigraphic compilation of the entire Joggins and Springhill Mines formations is available in Appendix 1. Please refer to Appendix 1 for legend.

Point, Little River, Joggins, and Springhill Mines formations. Maringouin Peninsula: Limekiln Brook and Maringouin formations [Middleborough Formation of Nova Scotia] type section of Shepody, Enragé Formation [Claremont of Nova Scotia], Boss Point Formation.

through the succession calculated from a three-point moving average. The dashed black lines separate areas of accommodation loss and gain, and the plain black line to the right of the plot marks the separation between the Joggins and overlying Springhill Mines formations. Note that the location of some

to paleoflow. Geologist is 1.85 m tall. Ragged Reef Formation. C) Erosionally based multistory sandstone body with heterolithic lateral-accretion surfaces in the upper story. Springhill Mines Formation.

a lycopsid tree which decayed, after which the hollow was filled with mud (See Rygel et al. 2005). Hammer is 0.3 m. Springhill Mines Formation. E) Carbonaceous nonmarine mudstones (FA D1) with a prominent nodular limestone bed overlain by very carbonaceous poorly drained floodplain deposits (FA B1). Hammer

Figure 2. Views of lithofacies associations. (A) Erosionally based multistory sandstone body (FA A3) with heterolithic lateral accretion surfaces in the upper story. Springhill Mines Formation. (B) Erosionally based sandstone body (FA A2) composed entirely of plane-bedded and low-angle cross