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NARROW
Format
Article Type
Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Congo River (1)
-
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Maghreb (1)
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
High Atlas (1)
-
-
Rif (1)
-
Tarfaya Morocco (1)
-
-
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
KwaZulu-Natal South Africa
-
Durban South Africa (1)
-
-
Western Cape Province South Africa
-
Langebaanweg South Africa (1)
-
-
-
-
West Africa
-
Benin (1)
-
Mauritania (1)
-
-
-
Alexander Terrane (1)
-
Andros Island (1)
-
Antarctica
-
Ross Ice Shelf
-
McMurdo Ice Shelf (1)
-
-
Transantarctic Mountains (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Barents Sea (1)
-
Norwegian Sea (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Qatar (1)
-
United Arab Emirates (1)
-
-
Far East
-
Borneo
-
Kalimantan Indonesia (1)
-
-
China
-
Guangxi China (2)
-
Guizhou China (1)
-
Xizang China (1)
-
-
Indonesia
-
Java (1)
-
Kalimantan Indonesia (1)
-
-
Japan
-
Hokkaido (2)
-
Honshu
-
Miyagi Japan (1)
-
-
Ryukyu Islands (1)
-
-
Thailand (2)
-
-
Himalayas (1)
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Bengal Islands
-
Andaman Islands (1)
-
-
Himachal Pradesh India
-
Spiti (1)
-
-
Tamil Nadu India (1)
-
-
-
Middle East
-
Iran (1)
-
Turkey
-
Sea of Marmara (1)
-
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
East Atlantic (1)
-
North Atlantic
-
Baltic Sea (1)
-
Baltimore Canyon (1)
-
Bay of Biscay (1)
-
Bay of Fundy (2)
-
Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge (1)
-
Caribbean Sea
-
Cariaco Basin (1)
-
-
English Channel (1)
-
Gulf of Mexico
-
Florida Bay (1)
-
-
Gulf of Saint Lawrence (2)
-
North Sea
-
Skagerrak (1)
-
-
Northeast Atlantic
-
Iberian abyssal plain (1)
-
-
Northwest Atlantic (4)
-
-
South Atlantic
-
Santos Basin (1)
-
Southwest Atlantic (9)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Azores (1)
-
-
Atlantic region (2)
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
New South Wales Australia (1)
-
Queensland Australia
-
Burdekin River (1)
-
-
South Australia
-
Eyre Peninsula (1)
-
Gulf Saint Vincent (1)
-
Spencer Gulf (5)
-
Yorke Peninsula (1)
-
-
Western Australia
-
Yilgarn (1)
-
-
-
New Zealand (6)
-
-
Bathurst Island (1)
-
Bay of Islands (2)
-
Bell Island (2)
-
Browse Basin (1)
-
Caledonides (2)
-
Campos Basin (1)
-
Canada
-
Arctic Archipelago (1)
-
Eastern Canada
-
Gander Zone (2)
-
Maritime Provinces
-
New Brunswick (2)
-
Nova Scotia
-
Minas Basin (1)
-
-
Prince Edward Island (1)
-
-
Meguma Terrane (1)
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador (1)
-
Newfoundland
-
Great Northern Peninsula (1)
-
Port au Port Peninsula (2)
-
-
-
Ontario (1)
-
Quebec
-
Anticosti Island (1)
-
-
-
Nunavut
-
Devon Island (1)
-
Ellesmere Island (1)
-
-
Queen Elizabeth Islands
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Devon Island (1)
-
Ellesmere Island (1)
-
-
Richardson Mountains (1)
-
Ungava (1)
-
Western Canada
-
Alberta (2)
-
British Columbia
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Saanich Inlet (2)
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Vancouver Island (4)
-
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Canadian Cordillera (2)
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
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Yukon Territory (3)
-
-
-
Canterbury Basin (2)
-
Caribbean region
-
West Indies
-
Antilles
-
Greater Antilles
-
Hispaniola
-
Dominican Republic (1)
-
-
Jamaica (1)
-
-
Lesser Antilles
-
Barbados (2)
-
Netherlands Antilles
-
Curacao (1)
-
-
Virgin Islands
-
U. S. Virgin Islands (1)
-
-
-
-
Bahamas (2)
-
Cayman Islands
-
Grand Cayman Island (1)
-
-
-
-
Cascadia subduction zone (2)
-
Central America
-
Belize (2)
-
Panama (1)
-
-
Coast Ranges (2)
-
Cook Inlet (1)
-
Corpus Christi Bay (1)
-
Dunnage Zone (3)
-
East Pacific Ocean Islands
-
Hawaii
-
Kauai County Hawaii
-
Kauai (1)
-
-
-
-
Eel River (1)
-
Eel River basin (1)
-
Eucla Basin (1)
-
Europe
-
Carpathians
-
Tatra Mountains (1)
-
Western Carpathians (2)
-
-
Central Europe
-
Austria (1)
-
Germany
-
Bavaria Germany
-
Franconian Forest (1)
-
-
Saxony-Anhalt Germany (1)
-
Thuringia Germany (1)
-
-
Molasse Basin (1)
-
Poland
-
Swiety Krzyz Mountains (1)
-
-
Slovakia (1)
-
Tatra Mountains (1)
-
Vienna Basin (1)
-
-
Lower Rhine Basin (1)
-
Pyrenees
-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
Southern Europe
-
Greece
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Dodecanese
-
Rhodes (1)
-
-
-
-
Iberian Peninsula
-
Portugal (2)
-
Spain
-
Andalusia Spain (2)
-
Cantabria Spain (1)
-
Cantabrian Basin (1)
-
Castilla-La Mancha Spain (1)
-
Murcia Spain (1)
-
Spanish Pyrenees (1)
-
-
-
Italy
-
Basilicata Italy (1)
-
Calabria Italy (1)
-
Campania Italy
-
Naples Italy (1)
-
Phlegraean Fields (1)
-
-
Emilia-Romagna Italy
-
Ravenna Italy (1)
-
-
Latium Italy (1)
-
Piemonte Italy
-
Asti Italy (1)
-
-
Sicily Italy (1)
-
Veneto Italy
-
Venice Italy (1)
-
-
-
Malta (1)
-
-
Western Europe
-
Belgium (1)
-
France
-
Gard France
-
Ales France (1)
-
-
Morbihan France (1)
-
-
Ireland (1)
-
Scandinavia
-
Denmark (1)
-
Norway
-
Nordland Norway
-
Lofoten Islands (1)
-
-
Solund Islands (1)
-
-
Western Gneiss region (1)
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Great Britain
-
England
-
East Anglia
-
Norfolk England (1)
-
-
Newcastle England (1)
-
Yorkshire England (1)
-
-
Scotland
-
Moine thrust zone (1)
-
Scottish Highlands (1)
-
-
-
Northern Ireland (1)
-
-
Wadden Sea (1)
-
-
-
Front Range (1)
-
Gulf of Mexico Basin (1)
-
Hudson Canyon (1)
-
Indian Ocean
-
Arabian Sea
-
Gulf of Aden (1)
-
Persian Gulf (1)
-
-
Bay of Bengal (1)
-
East Indian Ocean (1)
-
Great Australian Bight (4)
-
Naturaliste Plateau (1)
-
Red Sea (1)
-
West Indian Ocean (1)
-
-
International Ocean Discovery Program
-
Expedition 355
-
IODP Site U1457 (1)
-
-
-
Malay Archipelago
-
Borneo
-
Kalimantan Indonesia (1)
-
-
-
Mediterranean region
-
Aegean Islands
-
Greek Aegean Islands
-
Dodecanese
-
Rhodes (1)
-
-
-
-
Calabrian Arc (1)
-
-
Mediterranean Sea
-
East Mediterranean
-
Adriatic Sea (1)
-
Aegean Sea (1)
-
-
West Mediterranean
-
Alboran Sea (1)
-
Tyrrhenian Sea (2)
-
-
-
Mexico
-
Baja California Sur Mexico (1)
-
Chihuahua Mexico (1)
-
Durango Mexico (1)
-
Sierra Madre Occidental (1)
-
-
Murray Basin (2)
-
Neill Island (1)
-
North America
-
Appalachian Basin (1)
-
Appalachians
-
Appalachian Plateau (1)
-
Blue Ridge Province (1)
-
Northern Appalachians (3)
-
Piedmont (1)
-
Southern Appalachians (1)
-
-
Canadian Shield
-
Makkovik Province (1)
-
-
Gulf Coastal Plain (2)
-
Humber Zone (1)
-
Niagara Falls (1)
-
North American Cordillera
-
Canadian Cordillera (2)
-
-
Rocky Mountains
-
Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
-
-
Saint Elias Mountains (1)
-
Slide Mountain Terrane (1)
-
Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (1)
-
Western Interior
-
Western Interior Seaway (2)
-
-
Williston Basin (2)
-
Yukon-Tanana Terrane (1)
-
-
North Island (2)
-
North West Shelf (1)
-
Oceania
-
Kiribati (1)
-
Micronesia
-
Mariana Islands
-
Northern Mariana Islands
-
Saipan (1)
-
-
-
Marshall Islands (1)
-
-
Polynesia
-
Hawaii
-
Kauai County Hawaii
-
Kauai (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Pacific Coast (1)
-
Pacific Ocean
-
East Pacific
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Astoria Canyon (1)
-
Escanaba Trough (1)
-
Gorda Rise (1)
-
Gulf of Alaska (3)
-
Gulf of California
-
Guaymas Basin (1)
-
-
Gulf of Panama (1)
-
Mendocino fracture zone (1)
-
Monterey Canyon (1)
-
Santa Monica Basin (4)
-
-
Southeast Pacific
-
Manihiki Plateau (1)
-
-
-
Equatorial Pacific (4)
-
North Pacific
-
Aleutian Trench (1)
-
Bering Sea (1)
-
Northeast Pacific
-
Astoria Canyon (1)
-
Escanaba Trough (1)
-
Gorda Rise (1)
-
Gulf of Alaska (3)
-
Gulf of California
-
Guaymas Basin (1)
-
-
Gulf of Panama (1)
-
Mendocino fracture zone (1)
-
Monterey Canyon (1)
-
Santa Monica Basin (4)
-
-
Northwest Pacific
-
East China Sea (1)
-
Japan Trench (1)
-
Kuril Trench (1)
-
South China Sea (3)
-
Yellow Sea
-
Bohai Sea (1)
-
-
-
-
Pacific Basin (1)
-
South Pacific
-
Southeast Pacific
-
Manihiki Plateau (1)
-
-
Southwest Pacific (5)
-
-
West Pacific
-
Northwest Pacific
-
East China Sea (1)
-
Japan Trench (1)
-
Kuril Trench (1)
-
South China Sea (3)
-
Yellow Sea
-
Bohai Sea (1)
-
-
-
Southwest Pacific (5)
-
-
-
Peel River (1)
-
Peninsular Ranges (1)
-
Puna (1)
-
Queen Charlotte Fault (2)
-
Red Desert (1)
-
Sacramento Mountains (2)
-
San Andreas Fault (2)
-
San Juan Islands (1)
-
San Pedro Basin (4)
-
Santa Ana River (1)
-
Santa Barbara Basin (7)
-
Santa Catalina Island (2)
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Seymour Island (1)
-
South America
-
Andes (1)
-
Argentina
-
La Rioja Argentina (1)
-
Pampean Mountains (1)
-
-
Brazil
-
Rio Grande do Sul Brazil (1)
-
Sao Paulo Brazil (4)
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Chile (1)
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Parana Basin (1)
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Patagonia (3)
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Peru (1)
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Venezuela (1)
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-
South Island (2)
-
Southern Ocean
-
Weddell Sea (1)
-
-
Southern Uplands (1)
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Taranaki Basin (1)
-
United States
-
Alabama (1)
-
Alaska
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Aleutian Islands (3)
-
Kodiak Island (2)
-
-
Arkansas
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Hot Spring County Arkansas (1)
-
-
Atlantic Coastal Plain
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Central Atlantic Coastal Plain (2)
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Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
-
-
California
-
Central California (2)
-
Channel Islands
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San Clemente Island (1)
-
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Humboldt County California (2)
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Inyo County California (1)
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Los Angeles County California
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Palos Verdes Peninsula (2)
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San Clemente Island (1)
-
-
Mendocino County California (1)
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Newport-Inglewood Fault (1)
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Northern California (1)
-
Orange County California (3)
-
Salinian Block (1)
-
San Diego County California
-
La Jolla California (1)
-
San Diego California (4)
-
-
San Francisco Bay region (1)
-
San Gabriel Mountains (1)
-
Santa Barbara Channel (2)
-
Santa Barbara County California
-
Point Conception (1)
-
-
Santa Cruz County California (1)
-
Santa Monica Mountains (1)
-
Santa Ynez Mountains (1)
-
Sonoma County California (2)
-
Southern California (23)
-
Transverse Ranges (3)
-
Ventura Basin (1)
-
Ventura County California (3)
-
-
Chesapeake Bay (3)
-
Colorado (2)
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Colorado Plateau (1)
-
Connecticut (1)
-
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-
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-
Eastern U.S.
-
Southeastern U.S. (1)
-
-
Florida
-
Everglades (1)
-
Florida Keys (1)
-
Marion County Florida (1)
-
Miami-Dade County Florida (1)
-
Monroe County Florida (2)
-
Wakulla County Florida (1)
-
-
Georgia
-
McIntosh County Georgia
-
Sapelo Island (1)
-
-
-
Hawaii
-
Kauai County Hawaii
-
Kauai (1)
-
-
-
Kentucky (1)
-
Louisiana (5)
-
Maine
-
Hancock County Maine (1)
-
Penobscot Bay (1)
-
Waldo County Maine (1)
-
-
Maryland (1)
-
Middle Atlantic Bight (1)
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-
Mississippi (2)
-
Mississippi Delta (3)
-
Mississippi River (2)
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Montana (2)
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Nevada (1)
-
New England (1)
-
New Jersey (2)
-
New Mexico
-
Otero County New Mexico (2)
-
-
New York
-
Finger Lakes
-
Seneca Lake (1)
-
-
Monroe County New York (1)
-
New York City New York (1)
-
Niagara County New York (1)
-
Orleans County New York (1)
-
Washington County New York (1)
-
-
North Carolina
-
Dare County North Carolina
-
Cape Hatteras (1)
-
-
Mitchell County North Carolina (1)
-
New Hanover County North Carolina (1)
-
Yancey County North Carolina (1)
-
-
North Dakota
-
Golden Valley County North Dakota (1)
-
McHenry County North Dakota (1)
-
McKenzie County North Dakota (1)
-
McLean County North Dakota (1)
-
Stark County North Dakota (1)
-
-
Pennsylvania
-
Blair County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Bradford County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Centre County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Clinton County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Lycoming County Pennsylvania (1)
-
Philadelphia County Pennsylvania
-
Philadelphia Pennsylvania (1)
-
-
Tioga County Pennsylvania (1)
-
-
Potomac River (1)
-
Salisbury Embayment (1)
-
South Carolina
-
Aiken County South Carolina (1)
-
Barnwell County South Carolina (1)
-
Savannah River Site (1)
-
-
Tennessee (1)
-
Texas
-
Matagorda County Texas (1)
-
-
Utah
-
Garfield County Utah (1)
-
Iron County Utah (1)
-
Kaiparowits Plateau (1)
-
Kane County Utah (1)
-
Millard County Utah (1)
-
San Juan County Utah (1)
-
Washington County Utah (1)
-
-
Vermont
-
Chittenden County Vermont (1)
-
-
Virginia
-
Northampton County Virginia (1)
-
-
Washakie Basin (1)
-
Washington
-
Grays Harbor County Washington (1)
-
Hanford Site (1)
-
Pacific County Washington
-
Willapa Bay (1)
-
-
Puget Sound (1)
-
San Juan County Washington (1)
-
-
Wyoming (2)
-
-
Windward Islands (1)
-
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commodities
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bitumens (1)
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coal deposits (1)
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energy sources (1)
-
heavy mineral deposits (2)
-
metal ores
-
copper ores (4)
-
gold ores (2)
-
lead ores (1)
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lead-zinc deposits (1)
-
molybdenum ores (1)
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silver ores (1)
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zinc ores (2)
-
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mineral deposits, genesis (2)
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mineral exploration (1)
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oil and gas fields (1)
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petroleum
-
natural gas (6)
-
-
-
elements, isotopes
-
carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (21)
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C-14 (21)
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C-14/C-12 (1)
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organic carbon (4)
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chemical ratios (2)
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hydrogen
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D/H (1)
-
-
isotope ratios (43)
-
isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Be-10 (2)
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Be-7 (1)
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C-14 (21)
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C-14/C-12 (1)
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Cs-137 (3)
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Mn-53 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-210 (5)
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Po-210 (1)
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Ra-224 (1)
-
Ra-226 (1)
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Rn-222 (1)
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Th-230 (2)
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Th-234 (2)
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U-235 (1)
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U-238 (4)
-
U-238/U-234 (1)
-
Zn-65 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (21)
-
C-14/C-12 (1)
-
Cr-53/Cr-52 (1)
-
Cu-65 (1)
-
D/H (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (2)
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O-18/O-16 (26)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (4)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (3)
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Zn-66 (1)
-
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metals
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actinides
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thorium
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Th-230 (2)
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Th-234 (2)
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uranium
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U-235 (1)
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U-238 (4)
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U-238/U-234 (1)
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alkali metals
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cesium
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Cs-137 (3)
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potassium (1)
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sodium (1)
-
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alkaline earth metals
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beryllium
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Be-10 (2)
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Be-7 (1)
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calcium
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Mg/Ca (2)
-
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magnesium
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Mg/Ca (2)
-
-
radium
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Ra-224 (1)
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Ra-226 (1)
-
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (3)
-
-
-
aluminum (1)
-
chromium
-
Cr-53/Cr-52 (1)
-
-
copper
-
Cu-65 (1)
-
-
germanium (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
-
iron (2)
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (26)
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S-34/S-32 (4)
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fossils
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Tetrapoda
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Reptilia
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Invertebrata
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Trilobitomorpha
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Brachiopoda
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Mollusca
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Nuculanidae (4)
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Protista
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Uvigerinidae
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Cassidulinacea
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Anomalinidae
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Globigerinacea
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Orbulina
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Globorotaliidae
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Neogloboquadrina
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Orbitoidacea
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Cibicides (1)
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Textulariina
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Radiolaria (2)
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Vermes
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Spermatophyta
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Tertiary
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lower Pliocene (2)
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upper Neogene (1)
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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lower Eocene
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Aquia Formation (1)
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upper Eocene
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La Meseta Formation (1)
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Oligocene
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upper Oligocene (1)
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Paleocene
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upper Paleocene
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Thanetian (1)
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Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (2)
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Dalradian (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian (2)
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Mancos Shale (1)
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upper Maestrichtian (1)
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Star Point Sandstone (1)
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Straight Cliffs Formation (1)
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Tuscaloosa Formation (1)
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Jurassic
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Pliensbachian (1)
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Sunrise Formation (1)
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Middle Jurassic (3)
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Kimmeridge Clay (1)
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Newark Supergroup (1)
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Triassic
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Hawkesbury Sandstone (1)
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Induan (1)
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Montney Formation (1)
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Upper Triassic
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Carboniferous
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Madison Group (1)
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Pennsylvanian (1)
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Devonian
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Hunsruck Shale (1)
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Ellis Bay Formation (1)
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lower Paleozoic (2)
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Ordovician
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Catoche Formation (1)
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Hirnantian (2)
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Katian (1)
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Red River Formation (1)
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Permian
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Upper Permian
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Lopingian
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Changhsingian (1)
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Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
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Silurian
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Lower Silurian
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Llandovery
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Wenlock (2)
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Middle Silurian
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Phanerozoic (1)
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Paleoproterozoic (2)
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igneous rocks
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tuff (3)
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rhyodacites (1)
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ophiolite (5)
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metamorphic rocks
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metasedimentary rocks (6)
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ophiolite (5)
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silicates
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pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene
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framework silicates
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feldspar group
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alkali feldspar
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K-feldspar (2)
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plagioclase
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silica minerals
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opal (1)
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orthosilicates
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zircon group
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sorosilicates
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epidote group
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sheet silicates
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chlorite group
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illite (1)
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sulfates
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pyrite (3)
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Primary terms
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absolute age (38)
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Africa
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North Africa
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carbon
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catalogs (1)
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Pleistocene
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upper Quaternary (10)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene
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Pliocene
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lower Pliocene (2)
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upper Neogene (1)
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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lower Eocene
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Aquia Formation (1)
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upper Eocene
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La Meseta Formation (1)
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Oligocene
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upper Oligocene (1)
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Paleocene
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upper Paleocene
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Thanetian (1)
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Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (2)
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Central America
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Belize (2)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Chondrichthyes
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Tetrapoda
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Perissodactyla
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Reptilia
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Deep Sea Drilling Project
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IPOD
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Leg 48
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Leg 74
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Leg 80
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DSDP Site 548 (1)
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Leg 82
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Leg 94
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DSDP Site 608 (1)
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Leg 24
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Jurassic
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Ocean Drilling Program
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
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Southern California Bight
Sources of sediment to the coastal waters of the Southern California Bight Open Access
The sources of sediment to the Southern California Bight were investigated with new calculations and published records of sediment fluxes, both natural and anthropogenic. We find that rivers are by far the largest source of sediment, producing over 10 × 10 6 t/yr on average, or over 80% of the sediment input to the Bight. This river flux is variable, however, over both space and time. The rivers draining the Transverse Ranges produce sediment at rates approximately an order of magnitude greater than the Peninsular Ranges (600–1500 t/km 2 /yr versus <90 t/km 2 /yr, respectively). Although the Transverse Range rivers represent only 23% of the total Southern California watershed drainage area, they are responsible for over 75% of the total sediment flux. River sediment flux is ephemeral and highly pulsed due to the semiarid climate and the influence of infrequent large storms. For more than 90% of the time, negligible amounts of sediment are discharged from the region's rivers, and over half of the post-1900 sediment load has been discharged during events with recurrence intervals greater than 10 yr. These rare, yet important, events are related to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the majority of sediment flux occurs during ENSO periods. Temporal trends in sediment discharge due to land-use changes and river damming are also observed. We estimate that there has been a 45% reduction in suspended-sediment flux due to the construction of dams. However, pre-dam sediment loads were likely artificially high due to the massive land-use changes of coastal California to rangeland during the nineteenth century. This increase in sediment production is observed in estuarine deposits throughout coastal California, which reveal that sedimentation rates were two to ten times higher during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries than during pre-European colonization.
Dispersal of river sediment in the Southern California Bight Open Access
The rivers of Southern California deliver episodic pulses of water, sediment, nutrients, and pollutants to the region's coastal waters. Although river-sediment dispersal is observed in positively buoyant (hypopycnal) turbid plumes extending tens of kilometers from river mouths, very little of the river sediment is found in these plumes. Rather, river sediment settles quickly from hypopycnal plumes to the seabed, where transport is controlled by bottom-boundary layer processes, presumably including fluid-mud (hyperpycnal) gravity currents. Here we investigate the geographical patterns of river-sediment dispersal processes by examining suspended-sediment concentrations and loads and the continental shelf morphology offshore river mouths. Throughout Southern California, river sediment is discharged at concentrations adequately high to induce enhanced sediment settling, including negative buoyancy. The rivers draining the Western Transverse Range produce suspended-sediment concentrations that are orders of magnitude greater than those in the urbanized region and Peninsular Range to the south, largely due to differences in sediment yield. The majority of sediment discharge from the Santa Clara River and Calleguas Creek occurs above the theoretical negative buoyancy concentration (>40 g/l). These rivers also produce event sediment loading as great as the Eel River, where fluid-mud gravity currents are observed. The continental shelf of Southern California has variable morphology, which influences the ability to transport via gravity currents. Over half of the rivers examined are adjacent to shelf slopes greater than 0.01, which are adequately steep to sustain auto-suspending gravity currents across the shelf, and have little (<10 m) Holocene sediment accumulation. Shelf settings of the Ventura, Santa Clara, and Tijuana Rivers are very broad and low sloped (less than 0.004), which suggests that fluid-mud gravity currents could transport across these shelves, albeit slowly (~10 cm/s) and only with adequate wave-generated shear stress and sediment loading. Calleguas Creek is unique in that it discharges directly into a steep-sloped canyon (greater than 0.1) that should allow for violent auto-suspending gravity currents. In light of this, only one shelf setting—the Santa Clara and Ventura—has considerable Holocene sediment accumulation (exceeding 60 m), and here we show that the morphology of this shelf is very similar to an equilibrium shape predicted by gravity-current sediment transport. Thus, we conclude that a wide distribution of river-shelf settings occur in the Southern California Bight, which will directly influence sediment dispersal processes—both dilute suspended and gravity-current transport—and sediment-accumulation patterns.
Sediment accumulation on the Southern California Bight continental margin during the twentieth century Open Access
Sediment discharged into the portion of the Southern California Bight extending from Santa Barbara to Dana Point enters a complex system of semi-isolated coastal cells, narrow continental shelves, submarine canyons, and offshore basins. On both the Santa Monica and San Pedro margins, 210 Pb accumulation rates decrease in an offshore direction (from ~0.5 g cm −2 yr −1 to 0.02 g cm −2 yr −1), in concert with a fining in sediment grain size (from 4.5φ to 8.5φ), suggesting that offshore transport of wave-resuspended material occurs as relatively dilute nepheloid layers and that hemiplegic sedimentation dominates the supply of sediment to the outer shelf, slope, and basins. Together, these areas are effectively sequestering up to 100% of the annual fluvial input. In contrast to the Santa Monica margin, which does not display evidence of mass wasting as an important process of sediment delivery and redistribution, the San Pedro margin does provide numerous examples of failures and mass wasting, suggesting that intraslope sediment redistribution may play a more important role there. Basin deposits in both areas exhibit evidence of turbidites tentatively associated with both major floods and earthquakes, sourced from either the Redondo Canyon (San Pedro Basin) or Dume Canyon (Santa Monica Basin). On the Palos Verdes shelf, sediment-accumulation rates decrease along and across the shelf away from the White's Point outfall, which has been a major source of contaminants to the shelf deposits. Accumulation rates prior to the construction of the outfall were ~0.2 g cm −2 yr −1 and increased 1.5–3.7 times during peak discharges from the outfall in 1971. The distal rate of accumulation has decreased by ~50%, from 0.63 g cm −2 yr −1 during the period 1971–1992 to 0.29 g cm −2 yr −1 during the period 1992–2003. The proximal rate of accumulation, however, has only decreased ~10%, from 0.83 g cm −2 yr −1 during the period 1971–1992 to 0.73 g cm −2 yr −1 during the period 1992–2003. Effluent-affected sediment layers on the Palos Verdes shelf can be identified in seabed profiles of naturally occurring 238 U, which is sequestered in reducing sediments. The Santa Clara River shelf, just north and west of the Santa Monica and San Pedro margins, is fine-grained and flood-dominated. Core profiles of excess 210 Pb from sites covering the extent of documented major flood deposition exhibit evidence of rapidly deposited sediment up to 25 cm thick. These beds are developing in an active depocenter in water depths of 30–50 m at an average rate of 0.72 g cm −2 yr −1 . Budget calculations for annual and 50-yr timescale sediment storage on this shelf shows that 20%–30% of the sediment discharge is retained on the shelf, leaving 70%–80% to be redistributed to the outer shelf, slope, Santa Barbara Basin, and Santa Monica Basin.
Introduction to the physical oceanography of the central Southern California Bight Open Access
No abstract available.
Coastal ocean transport patterns in the central Southern California Bight Open Access
In the past decade, several large programs that monitor currents and transport patterns for periods from a few months to a few years were conducted by a consortium of university, federal, state, and municipal agencies in the central Southern California Bight, a heavily urbanized section of the coastal ocean off the west coast of the United States encompassing Santa Monica Bay, San Pedro Bay, and the Palos Verdes shelf. These programs were designed in part to determine how alongshelf and cross-shelf currents move sediments, pollutants, and suspended material through the region. Analysis of the data sets showed that the current patterns in this portion of the Bight have distinct changes in frequency and amplitude with location, in part because the topography of the shelf and upper slope varies rapidly over small spatial scales. However, because the mean, subtidal, and tidal-current patterns in any particular location were reasonably stable with time, one could determine a regional pattern for these current fields in the central Southern California Bight even though measurements at the various locations were obtained at different times. In particular, because the mean near-surface flows over the San Pedro and Palos Verdes shelves are divergent, near-surface waters from the upper slope tend to carry suspended material onto the shelf in the northwestern portion of San Pedro Bay. Water and suspended material are also carried off the shelf by the mean and subtidal flow fields in places where the orientation of the shelf break changes abruptly. The barotropic tidal currents in the central Southern California Bight flow primarily alongshore, but they have pronounced amplitude variations over relatively small changes in alongshelf location that are not totally predicted by numerical tidal models. Nonlinear internal tides and internal bores at tidal frequencies are oriented more across the shelf. They do not have a uniform transport direction, since they move fine sediment from the shelf to the slope in Santa Monica Bay, but carry suspended material from the mid-shelf to the beach in San Pedro Bay. It is clear that there are a large variety of processes that transport sediments and contaminants along and across the shelf in the central Southern California Bight. However, because these processes have a variety of frequencies and relatively small spatial scales, the dominant transport processes tend to be localized and have dissimilar characteristics even in adjacent regions of this small part of the coastal ocean.
The extent and magnitude of sediment contamination in the Southern California Bight Open Access
More than 30 million dollars are expended annually to assess environmental quality of the Southern California Bight, yet only 5% of the Bight area is surveyed on an ongoing basis. Because decision makers lacked the data to make regional assessments of ecosystem condition, multiple stakeholders collaborated to create a Southern California Bight Regional Monitoring Program. The third survey in this program was conducted in 2003. A primary goal of this regional monitoring program was to determine the extent and magnitude of sediment contamination in the Southern California Bight, and to compare these assessments among several different habitats. A stratified random design was selected to provide unbiased areal assessments of environmental condition; 359 surficial sediments were collected, representing 12 different habitats that extend from shallow embayments and estuaries to deep offshore basins. Each sample was analyzed for grain size, total organic carbon and nitrogen, 15 trace metals, and a suite of persistent organic constituents (total dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane [DDT], total polychlorinated biphenyl [PCB], and total polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon [PAH]). The greatest accumulated mass of these constituents (76% on average; range 70% to 87%) was located at depths >200 m, which was proportional to its relatively large area (67% of entire Southern California Bight). The greatest sediment concentrations of trace metals, total PAH, and total PCB were observed in embayments (e.g., marinas, estuaries draining urbanized watersheds, and industrialized port facilities). These shallow habitats also contained a disproportionately high mass of contaminants relative to their area. Despite the relatively widespread anthropogenic enrichment of Southern California Bight sediments, only 1% of the Southern California Bight was at a moderate to high risk of adverse biological effects based on empirically derived sediment quality guidelines. Risk, however, was not evenly distributed throughout the Southern California Bight. The greatest risk of adverse biological effects was found in sediments of marinas, Los Angeles estuaries, and large publicly owned treatment works (POTWs); these were the only habitats for which the mean effects range-median quotient exceeded 0.5. The least risk was observed in sediments associated with the Channel Islands and small POTWs, for which all sites were considered to be at low risk of adverse biological effects.
Review of impacts of contaminated sediment on microfaunal communities in the Southern California Bight Open Access
A comparison of foraminiferal faunal trends in pristine and impacted regions on the continental shelf and slope of the Southern California Bight, as well as variations in the temporal foraminiferal distribution patterns from 1955 to 1998, suggest that the benthic microfaunal communities have been greatly affected by the presence of contaminated sediment near the major outfall sites. Six species were most impacted: Trochammina pacifica, Bulimina denudata, Eggerella advena, Buliminella elegantissima, Nonionella stella, and Nonionella basispinata. The silver contaminant-tolerant and organic-waste indicating species Trochammina pacifica and Bulimina denudata dominated the outfall regions in the mid-century but declined in abundance in the 1990s after sewage treatment and sludge disposal activities improved. Over the same time period, the abundance of Eggerella advena, a pioneer colonizer of formerly impacted waste-discharge sites tolerant of most trace-metal and organic contaminants, increased dramatically on the shelf, whereas Buliminella elegantissima, a nitrogen-favoring taxon, dominated the nearshore regions except at the pristine site. In contrast, the contaminant-sensitive species Nonionella stella and Nonionella basi-spinata dominated the shelf assemblages in pristine to low-impacted areas in the late 1950s and early 1960s but were rare to absent near the outfalls, even after remediation efforts were put into effect. Although most other species patterns, as well as the amphipod survival and sea urchin fertilization tests, show that the enhanced sewage treatment programs improved sediment conditions, the inability of Nonionella stella and Nonionella basispinata to reinhabit formerly colonized areas suggests that not all faunal trends have returned to pre- or early-outfall levels even with remediation. The sensitivity of foraminifers to the presence of contaminated sediments suggests that they are a useful tool in evaluating the impact of anthropogenic contamination on microfaunal communities.
Planktonic foraminiferal response to upwelling and seasonal hydrographic conditions; sediment trap results from San Pedro Basin, Southern California Bight Available to Purchase
Southern California Bight study area and sample sites grouped by water dept... Available to Purchase
Variability of the Southern California wave climate and implications for sediment transport Open Access
We analyzed wave and wind data from 18 buoys in the Southern California Bight to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of the regional wave climate. Point Conception shelters most of the Bight from being directly impacted by North Pacific weather. The wave height inside the sheltered zone and to the east of the Channel Islands is less than half the wave height in the open ocean to the west. Within the sheltered Bight, storm waves (by proxy of being greater than the 95th percentile wave height for more than 6 hours) are mainly from the west, but long period swells (T p >15 seconds) are mainly from the south-southwest. There are on average two to four storms during each winter month (November–March) and fewer than two storms per month for the rest of the year. The Channel Islands selectively block the westerly swells and make the wave climate in the Santa Barbara Channel different from the rest of the sheltered Bight. A statistically significant wave-height minimum exists in the area offshore Dana Point and Oceanside. The multiyear (2–23 years) wave-data records from all 18 buoys show negligible temporal trend, positive or negative. Like the wave climate, the long-term probability of sediment transport on the continental shelves of the Bight displays large difference between the sheltered and open-ocean (near Point Conception) sites. The return period of incipient sediment motion on the sheltered shelf breaks (one to five months) is at least two orders of magnitude longer than that on the Point Conception shelf break (0.6 day). Similar to the spatial distribution of wave heights, there is a systematic return-period maximum on the shelf off Dana Point and Oceanside.
Correlation of the t/m index with different records of average precipitatio... Available to Purchase
Comparison of the t/m index with two records of average precipitation from ... Available to Purchase
Comparison of the t/m index with different records of average sea-level ano... Available to Purchase
Location of the Santa Barbara Basin (SBB) within the Southern California Bi... Available to Purchase
Comparison of major diagnostic palynologic parameters with various records ... Available to Purchase
Postmortem age-frequency distributions (AFDs) of shells of Parvilucina ten... Available to Purchase
Earth Science in the Urban Ocean: The Southern California Continental Borderland Available to Purchase
RECENT GLOBAL WARMING AND ITS INFLUENCE ON MARINE PALYNOLOGY WITHIN THE CENTRAL SANTA BARBARA BASIN, OFFSHORE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, U.S.A. Available to Purchase
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COASTAL WETLANDS Available to Purchase
Southern California, extending from Point Conception (34 1/2 °N) to the Tijuana estuary (32° N), has a varied and attractive coastline, with a moderate Mediterranean climate and a large human population. Rapid urban development has resulted in coastal modification for shipping, military, industrial, housing and recreational needs. Because of their flat topography and availability of water, the coastal wetlands have been the prime target for these modifications. According to Zedler (1982, p.l), the ‘disturbance has been so pervasive, taken such different forms, and had such different results in each wetland, that sorting out natural and unnatural features is extremely difficult’. Southern California coastal wetlands are small and discrete, confined to narrow river valleys, and separated by coastal hills, mountains, harbors and extensive urban tracts. There are about 30 wetlands, occupying a total area of about 12,500 acres (Fig 1) which represent about 10% of their extent prior to arrival of Europeans. The wetlands occur on intertidal slopes and along the mouth of creeks, and support a variety of salt tolerant plants, called halophytes. Poised at the edge of both land and sea, these habitats receive fresh water, sediments and nutrients from the watershed, and tidal water with its salts, minerals and sands from the sea. At some locations, coastal dunes enclose these wetlands and occasionally, sand bars form, cutting off tidal circulation. This has resulted in decimation of certain plant communities and dependant bird populations.