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South Tibet Detachment

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Book Chapter

40 Ar/ 39 Ar thermochronological constraints on the cooling and exhumation history of the South Tibetan Detachment System, Nyalam area, southern Tibet Available to Purchase

Author(s)
Yu Wang, Qi Li, Guosheng Qu
Book: Channel Flow, Ductile Extrusion and Exhumation in Continental Collision Zones
Series: Geological Society, London, Special Publications
Publisher: Geological Society London
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.268.01.16
EISBN: 9781862395169
... Abstract The Nyalam detachment is part of the east-west striking South Tibetan Detachment System exposed in the Nyalam area, southern Tibet. Seventeen muscovite and biotite 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age spectra and three K-feldspar multidiffusion domain modelling and cooling ages are presented...
FIGURES | View All (27)
Abstract
View PDF for content titled, 40 Ar&#x2F; 39 Ar thermochronological constraints on the cooling and exhumation history of the <span class="search-highlight">South</span> Tibetan <span class="search-highlight">Detachment</span> System, Nyalam area, southern <span class="search-highlight">Tibet</span>
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Abstract The Nyalam detachment is part of the east-west striking South Tibetan Detachment System exposed in the Nyalam area, southern Tibet. Seventeen muscovite and biotite 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age spectra and three K-feldspar multidiffusion domain modelling and cooling ages are presented for metamorphic rocks, leucogranite, granite and mylonite, collected from the Nyalam detachment and surrounding areas. The majority of the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar results are cooling ages related to exhumation, which therefore place important constraints on formation of the Nyalam detachment and exhumation history of the region. Muscovite 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages from mylonite within the normal fault system and from the footwall of the fault are 16.1–15.2 Ma. Biotite 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages from the same samples are 15.6–14.8 Ma, slightly younger than the muscovite cooling ages. K-feldspar multidiffusion domain modelling suggests that samples collected from both mylonite on the fault surface and from footwall rocks underwent rapid cooling between 16.1 Ma and 11.7 Ma. Ages and cooling histories in the Nyalam detachment and Greater Himalayan metamorphic sequence have similar characteristics and time constraints: the K-feldspar modelling indicates a sudden change in cooling rates for these regions during 15.5–14.0 Ma and c . 12 Ma, respectively. Taking the regional thermal history into account, cooling could be associated with significant northward surface movement triggered by detachment normal faulting in the Nyalam area. The Nyalam detachment and Greater Himalayan metamorphic sequence experienced similar cooling and exhumation histories during c . 17.0–11.7 Ma. Formation of the Nyalam detachment may have accompanied the southward extrusion of the Greater Himalaya zone along shear zones formed in response to underthrusting of the Indian plate beneath southern Tibet.

Journal Article

Relationship between leucogranites and the Qomolangma detachment in the Rongbuk Valley, south Tibet Available to Purchase

M. A. Murphy, T. Mark Harrison
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 September 1999
Geology (1999) 27 (9): 831–834.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0831:RBLATQ>2.3.CO;2
... is characterized by simultaneous shortening along the Main Central thrust and extension at shallower crustal levels in part developed on the basis of knowledge of the age of the Rongbuk granite and its apparent crosscutting relationship with the Qomolangma detachment. This key contact, however, has not previously...
View PDF for article title, Relationship between leucogranites and the Qomolangma <span class="search-highlight">detachment</span> in the Rongbuk Valley, <span class="search-highlight">south</span> <span class="search-highlight">Tibet</span>
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Image
Geological map of the South Tibet detachment to the southwest of Lhakang, southeast Tibet. Location noted in Figure 5A.

Geological map of the South Tibet detachment to the southwest of Lhakang, s... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 March 2013
Figure 6. Geological map of the South Tibet detachment to the southwest of Lhakang, southeast Tibet. Location noted in Figure 5A .
Image
. Field photographs of the South Tibet detachment (STD) zone and its right-way-up hanging wall (locations are marked in Figs. 6A–6C). (A) Top-to-the-northeast shear fabrics observed in the overturned STD zone, Beas River Valley. (B) Graphitic quartzite south of the STD, Beas River Valley. (C) Rohtang STD section, with orange-black weathering graphitic quartzite layer cropping out near the ridge crest. THS—Tethyan Himalayan Sequence; GHC—Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex. (D) Rohtang STD top-to-the-east-northeast shear indicators including C′ shears and σ-type porphyroclasts. (E) Top of the Hannuman Tibba granite, intruding across foliation in overlying Haimanta metasedimentary rocks, western Beas River Valley. Some shearing appears to post-date cross-cutting relationship, as the cross-cutting dikes are locally folded. (F) Tandi Syncline as viewed from the Chandra Valley. Asymmetric parasitic structures help define the axis of the syncline. (G) Tandi Syncline as viewed from the upper Beas River Valley.

. Field photographs of the South Tibet detachment (STD) zone and its right-... Open Access

Published: 01 August 2011
Figure 9. . Field photographs of the South Tibet detachment (STD) zone and its right-way-up hanging wall (locations are marked in Figs. 6A–6C ). (A) Top-to-the-northeast shear fabrics observed in the overturned STD zone, Beas River Valley. (B) Graphitic quartzite south of the STD, Beas River
Image
. Field photographs of the South Tibet detachment (STD) zone and its right-way-up hanging wall (locations are marked in Figs. 6A–6C). (A) Top-to-the-northeast shear fabrics observed in the overturned STD zone, Beas River Valley. (B) Graphitic quartzite south of the STD, Beas River Valley. (C) Rohtang STD section, with orange-black weathering graphitic quartzite layer cropping out near the ridge crest. THS—Tethyan Himalayan Sequence; GHC—Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex. (D) Rohtang STD top-to-the-east-northeast shear indicators including C′ shears and σ-type porphyroclasts. (E) Top of the Hannuman Tibba granite, intruding across foliation in overlying Haimanta metasedimentary rocks, western Beas River Valley. Some shearing appears to post-date cross-cutting relationship, as the cross-cutting dikes are locally folded. (F) Tandi Syncline as viewed from the Chandra Valley. Asymmetric parasitic structures help define the axis of the syncline. (G) Tandi Syncline as viewed from the upper Beas River Valley.

. Field photographs of the South Tibet detachment (STD) zone and its right-... Open Access

Published: 01 August 2011
Figure 9. . Field photographs of the South Tibet detachment (STD) zone and its right-way-up hanging wall (locations are marked in Figs. 6A–6C ). (A) Top-to-the-northeast shear fabrics observed in the overturned STD zone, Beas River Valley. (B) Graphitic quartzite south of the STD, Beas River
Image
. Field photographs of the South Tibet detachment (STD) zone and its right-way-up hanging wall (locations are marked in Figs. 6A–6C). (A) Top-to-the-northeast shear fabrics observed in the overturned STD zone, Beas River Valley. (B) Graphitic quartzite south of the STD, Beas River Valley. (C) Rohtang STD section, with orange-black weathering graphitic quartzite layer cropping out near the ridge crest. THS—Tethyan Himalayan Sequence; GHC—Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex. (D) Rohtang STD top-to-the-east-northeast shear indicators including C′ shears and σ-type porphyroclasts. (E) Top of the Hannuman Tibba granite, intruding across foliation in overlying Haimanta metasedimentary rocks, western Beas River Valley. Some shearing appears to post-date cross-cutting relationship, as the cross-cutting dikes are locally folded. (F) Tandi Syncline as viewed from the Chandra Valley. Asymmetric parasitic structures help define the axis of the syncline. (G) Tandi Syncline as viewed from the upper Beas River Valley.

. Field photographs of the South Tibet detachment (STD) zone and its right-... Open Access

Published: 01 August 2011
Figure 9. . Field photographs of the South Tibet detachment (STD) zone and its right-way-up hanging wall (locations are marked in Figs. 6A–6C ). (A) Top-to-the-northeast shear fabrics observed in the overturned STD zone, Beas River Valley. (B) Graphitic quartzite south of the STD, Beas River
Image
. Field photographs of the South Tibet detachment (STD) zone and its right-way-up hanging wall (locations are marked in Figs. 6A–6C). (A) Top-to-the-northeast shear fabrics observed in the overturned STD zone, Beas River Valley. (B) Graphitic quartzite south of the STD, Beas River Valley. (C) Rohtang STD section, with orange-black weathering graphitic quartzite layer cropping out near the ridge crest. THS—Tethyan Himalayan Sequence; GHC—Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex. (D) Rohtang STD top-to-the-east-northeast shear indicators including C′ shears and σ-type porphyroclasts. (E) Top of the Hannuman Tibba granite, intruding across foliation in overlying Haimanta metasedimentary rocks, western Beas River Valley. Some shearing appears to post-date cross-cutting relationship, as the cross-cutting dikes are locally folded. (F) Tandi Syncline as viewed from the Chandra Valley. Asymmetric parasitic structures help define the axis of the syncline. (G) Tandi Syncline as viewed from the upper Beas River Valley.

. Field photographs of the South Tibet detachment (STD) zone and its right-... Open Access

Published: 01 August 2011
Figure 9. . Field photographs of the South Tibet detachment (STD) zone and its right-way-up hanging wall (locations are marked in Figs. 6A–6C ). (A) Top-to-the-northeast shear fabrics observed in the overturned STD zone, Beas River Valley. (B) Graphitic quartzite south of the STD, Beas River
Image
. Field photographs of the South Tibet detachment (STD) zone and its right-way-up hanging wall (locations are marked in Figs. 6A–6C). (A) Top-to-the-northeast shear fabrics observed in the overturned STD zone, Beas River Valley. (B) Graphitic quartzite south of the STD, Beas River Valley. (C) Rohtang STD section, with orange-black weathering graphitic quartzite layer cropping out near the ridge crest. THS—Tethyan Himalayan Sequence; GHC—Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex. (D) Rohtang STD top-to-the-east-northeast shear indicators including C′ shears and σ-type porphyroclasts. (E) Top of the Hannuman Tibba granite, intruding across foliation in overlying Haimanta metasedimentary rocks, western Beas River Valley. Some shearing appears to post-date cross-cutting relationship, as the cross-cutting dikes are locally folded. (F) Tandi Syncline as viewed from the Chandra Valley. Asymmetric parasitic structures help define the axis of the syncline. (G) Tandi Syncline as viewed from the upper Beas River Valley.

. Field photographs of the South Tibet detachment (STD) zone and its right-... Open Access

Published: 01 August 2011
Figure 9. . Field photographs of the South Tibet detachment (STD) zone and its right-way-up hanging wall (locations are marked in Figs. 6A–6C ). (A) Top-to-the-northeast shear fabrics observed in the overturned STD zone, Beas River Valley. (B) Graphitic quartzite south of the STD, Beas River
Image
. Field photographs of the South Tibet detachment (STD) zone and its right-way-up hanging wall (locations are marked in Figs. 6A–6C). (A) Top-to-the-northeast shear fabrics observed in the overturned STD zone, Beas River Valley. (B) Graphitic quartzite south of the STD, Beas River Valley. (C) Rohtang STD section, with orange-black weathering graphitic quartzite layer cropping out near the ridge crest. THS—Tethyan Himalayan Sequence; GHC—Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex. (D) Rohtang STD top-to-the-east-northeast shear indicators including C′ shears and σ-type porphyroclasts. (E) Top of the Hannuman Tibba granite, intruding across foliation in overlying Haimanta metasedimentary rocks, western Beas River Valley. Some shearing appears to post-date cross-cutting relationship, as the cross-cutting dikes are locally folded. (F) Tandi Syncline as viewed from the Chandra Valley. Asymmetric parasitic structures help define the axis of the syncline. (G) Tandi Syncline as viewed from the upper Beas River Valley.

. Field photographs of the South Tibet detachment (STD) zone and its right-... Open Access

Published: 01 August 2011
Figure 9. . Field photographs of the South Tibet detachment (STD) zone and its right-way-up hanging wall (locations are marked in Figs. 6A–6C ). (A) Top-to-the-northeast shear fabrics observed in the overturned STD zone, Beas River Valley. (B) Graphitic quartzite south of the STD, Beas River
Image
. Field photographs of the South Tibet detachment (STD) zone and its right-way-up hanging wall (locations are marked in Figs. 6A–6C). (A) Top-to-the-northeast shear fabrics observed in the overturned STD zone, Beas River Valley. (B) Graphitic quartzite south of the STD, Beas River Valley. (C) Rohtang STD section, with orange-black weathering graphitic quartzite layer cropping out near the ridge crest. THS—Tethyan Himalayan Sequence; GHC—Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex. (D) Rohtang STD top-to-the-east-northeast shear indicators including C′ shears and σ-type porphyroclasts. (E) Top of the Hannuman Tibba granite, intruding across foliation in overlying Haimanta metasedimentary rocks, western Beas River Valley. Some shearing appears to post-date cross-cutting relationship, as the cross-cutting dikes are locally folded. (F) Tandi Syncline as viewed from the Chandra Valley. Asymmetric parasitic structures help define the axis of the syncline. (G) Tandi Syncline as viewed from the upper Beas River Valley.

. Field photographs of the South Tibet detachment (STD) zone and its right-... Open Access

Published: 01 August 2011
Figure 9. . Field photographs of the South Tibet detachment (STD) zone and its right-way-up hanging wall (locations are marked in Figs. 6A–6C ). (A) Top-to-the-northeast shear fabrics observed in the overturned STD zone, Beas River Valley. (B) Graphitic quartzite south of the STD, Beas River
Journal Article

The leading edge of the Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex revealed in the NW Indian Himalaya: Implications for the evolution of the Himalayan orogen Available to Purchase

A. Alexander G. Webb, An Yin, T. Mark Harrison, Julien Célérier, W. Paul Burgess
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 October 2007
Geology (2007) 35 (10): 955–958.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G23931A.1
... Central thrust and South Tibet detachment in the central Himalaya. There, the Main Central thrust places the Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex over the Lesser Himalayan Sequence, and the South Tibet detachment places the Tethyan Himalayan Sequence over the Greater Himalayan Crystallines. Although...
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View PDF for article title, The leading edge of the Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex revealed in the NW Indian Himalaya: Implications for the evolution of the Himalayan orogen
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Journal Article

U-Pb zircon geochronology of major lithologic units in the eastern Himalaya: Implications for the origin and assembly of Himalayan rocks Available to Purchase

A. Alexander G. Webb, An Yin, Chandra S. Dubey
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 March 2013
GSA Bulletin (2013) 125 (3-4): 499–522.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/B30626.1
...Figure 6. Geological map of the South Tibet detachment to the southwest of Lhakang, southeast Tibet. Location noted in Figure 5A . ...
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View PDF for article title, U-Pb zircon geochronology of major lithologic units in the eastern Himalaya: Implications for the origin and assembly of Himalayan rocks
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Figure 4. Tectonic wedge model for GHC emplacement, involving top-to-the-S Main Central thrust slip and alternating top-to-the-N and top-to-the-S slip along STD. A: Predeformation geometry. B: GHC emplacement during top-to-the-S faulting along South Tibet detachment. C: GHC emplacement during top-to-the-N faulting along South Tibet detachment. Despite top-to-the-N relative motion along South Tibet detachment, note that THS is consistently thrust south with respect to LHS. D–F: Top-to-the-N slip along South Tibet detachment transfers records of top-to-the-S shear from Main Central thrust hanging wall to South Tibet detachment hanging wall. Records of top-to-the-S shear from Main Central thrust–south are shown in gray. In inset, active shear indicators are shown in black. G: Late distributed shear during motion on Main Central thrust may overturn the South Tibet detachment. H: Schematic diagram of early Miocene development of Himalaya, involving two tectonic wedges (Price, 1986) inserted to south: GHC and Asia plate. Thrust emplacement of both wedges can produce temporally varying shear sense along South Tibet detachment. GCT—Great Counter Thrust; GHC—Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex; LHS—Lesser Himalayan Sequence; MCT—Main Central thrust; STD—South Tibet detachment; THS—Tethyan Himalayan Sequence.

Figure 4. Tectonic wedge model for GHC emplacement, involving top-to-the-S ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 October 2007
Figure 4. Tectonic wedge model for GHC emplacement, involving top-to-the-S Main Central thrust slip and alternating top-to-the-N and top-to-the-S slip along STD. A: Predeformation geometry. B: GHC emplacement during top-to-the-S faulting along South Tibet detachment. C: GHC emplacement during top
Journal Article

Cenozoic tectonic history of the Himachal Himalaya (northwestern India) and its constraints on the formation mechanism of the Himalayan orogen Open Access

A. Alexander G. Webb, An Yin, T. Mark Harrison, Julien Célérier, George E. Gehrels, Craig E. Manning, Marty Grove
Journal: Geosphere
Published: 01 August 2011
Geosphere (2011) 7 (4): 1013–1061.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00627.1
...Figure 9. . Field photographs of the South Tibet detachment (STD) zone and its right-way-up hanging wall (locations are marked in Figs. 6A–6C ). (A) Top-to-the-northeast shear fabrics observed in the overturned STD zone, Beas River Valley. (B) Graphitic quartzite south of the STD, Beas River...
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View PDF for article title, Cenozoic tectonic history of the Himachal Himalaya (northwestern India) and its constraints on the formation mechanism of the Himalayan orogen
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Journal Article

Preliminary balanced palinspastic reconstruction of Cenozoic deformation across the Himachal Himalaya (northwestern India) Open Access

A. Alexander G. Webb
Journal: Geosphere
Published: 01 June 2013
Geosphere (2013) 9 (3): 572–587.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00787.1
... (the South Tibet detachment). Crystalline core exposure between these faults occurs ca. 5 Ma in the reconstruction; initial exposure of these crystalline rocks ca. 11 Ma probably occurred in the hinterland within core complexes accommodating east-west extension. After Early–Middle Miocene crystalline core...
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View PDF for article title, Preliminary balanced palinspastic reconstruction of Cenozoic deformation across the Himachal Himalaya (northwestern India)
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Geological map of the Himalayan orogen (modified from Webb, 2007; Webb et al., 2011a, 2011b). Stratigraphy is depicted on the basis of age, as opposed to tectonic units. Tectonic units are largely defined by the major structures: the pre-Cretaceous Lesser Himalayan Sequence and Cretaceous and younger Sub-Himalayan Sequence underlie the Main Central thrust, the Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex is bound by the Main Central thrust below and the South Tibet detachment above, and the Tethyan Himalayan Sequence occurs above both the Main Central thrust and the South Tibet detachment. Dashed white line indicates the southern margin of a zone of rapid uplift and exhumation (see text discussion, Models for Ongoing Mountain-Building Processes, for an explanation).

Geological map of the Himalayan orogen (modified from Webb, 2007 ; Webb e... Open Access

Published: 01 June 2013
and Cretaceous and younger Sub-Himalayan Sequence underlie the Main Central thrust, the Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex is bound by the Main Central thrust below and the South Tibet detachment above, and the Tethyan Himalayan Sequence occurs above both the Main Central thrust and the South Tibet detachment
Journal Article

Passive-roof thrust model for the emplacement of the Pelona-Orocopia Schist in southern California, United States Available to Purchase

An Yin
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 February 2002
Geology (2002) 30 (2): 183–186.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0183:PRTMFT>2.0.CO;2
... as predicted by the detachment-fault model. The South Tibet detachment fault of Burchfiel et al. (1992) may have played a similar role to the Orocopia-Chocolate fault, assisting crustal thickening of the Himalaya. That is, the High Himalayan crystalline terrane was once a fault-bend-fold thrust sheet...
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View PDF for article title, Passive-roof thrust model for the emplacement of the Pelona-Orocopia Schist in southern California, United States
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Geological map of the Ama Drime Massif in southern Tibet (modified from Kali et al., 2010) and the retrogressed eclogite sampling locations. THS—Tethyan Himalayan Sequence; GHC—Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex; STDS—South Tibet Detachment System.

Geological map of the Ama Drime Massif in southern Tibet (modified from Ka... Available to Purchase

Published: 17 November 2021
Figure 3. Geological map of the Ama Drime Massif in southern Tibet (modified from Kali et al., 2010 ) and the retrogressed eclogite sampling locations. THS—Tethyan Himalayan Sequence; GHC—Greater Himalayan Crystalline complex; STDS—South Tibet Detachment System.
Image
Chronostratigraphy of the eastern Himalaya and foreland regions. GCT—Greater Counter thrust; STD—South Tibet Detachment; MCT—Main Central thrust.

Chronostratigraphy of the eastern Himalaya and foreland regions. GCT—Greate... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 March 2013
Figure 10. Chronostratigraphy of the eastern Himalaya and foreland regions. GCT—Greater Counter thrust; STD—South Tibet Detachment; MCT—Main Central thrust.
Image
Map indicating major tectonic units and boundaries within the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau (modified from Aitchison et al., 2007; White et al., 2011). Abbreviations: MBT = Main Boundary thrust, MCT = Main Central thrust, STDS = South Tibet detachment system.

Map indicating major tectonic units and boundaries within the Tibet-Qinghai... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 August 2014
Fig. 1 Map indicating major tectonic units and boundaries within the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau (modified from Aitchison et al., 2007 ; White et al., 2011 ). Abbreviations: MBT = Main Boundary thrust, MCT = Main Central thrust, STDS = South Tibet detachment system.