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Soom Shale

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Journal Article

Chitinozoans and the age of the Soom Shale, an Ordovician black shale Lagerstätte, South Africa

THIJS R. A. VANDENBROUCKE, SARAH E. GABBOTT, FLORENTIN PARIS, RICHARD J. ALDRIDGE, JOHANNES N. THERON
Published: 01 May 2009
Journal of Micropalaeontology (2009) 28 (1): 53–66.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/jm.28.1.53
...THIJS R. A. VANDENBROUCKE; SARAH E. GABBOTT; FLORENTIN PARIS; RICHARD J. ALDRIDGE; JOHANNES N. THERON Abstract Isolated chitinozoans from the Soom Shale Member of the Cedarberg Formation, SW South Africa are described and provide a date of the latest Hirnantian–earliest Rhuddanian. The recovered...
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View PDF for article title, Chitinozoans and the age of the <span class="search-highlight">Soom</span> <span class="search-highlight">Shale</span>, an Ordovician black <span class="search-highlight">shale</span> Lagerstätte, South Africa
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Journal Article

The late Ordovician Soom Shale Lagerstätte: an extraordinary post-glacial fossil and sedimentary record

Sarah E. Gabbott, Claire Browning, Johannes N. Theron, Rowan J. Whittle
Published: 20 October 2016
Journal of the Geological Society (2017) 174 (1): 1–9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2016-076
...Sarah E. Gabbott; Claire Browning; Johannes N. Theron; Rowan J. Whittle Abstract Fossils of the Late Ordovician Soom Shale Lagerstätte are characterized by exceptional preservation of their soft tissues in clay minerals. The low-diversity community lived in an unusual cold-water setting, dominated...
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View PDF for article title, The late Ordovician <span class="search-highlight">Soom</span> <span class="search-highlight">Shale</span> Lagerstätte: an extraordinary post-glacial fossil and sedimentary record
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Journal Article

Eolian input into the Late Ordovician postglacial Soom Shale, South Africa

Sarah E. Gabbott, Jan Zalasiewicz, Richard J. Aldridge, Johannes N. Theron
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 December 2010
Geology (2010) 38 (12): 1103–1106.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G31426.1
...Sarah E. Gabbott; Jan Zalasiewicz; Richard J. Aldridge; Johannes N. Theron Abstract The Soom Shale Member of the Cedarberg Formation (South Africa) is a key early Paleozoic Lagerstätte that directly overlies glacigenic deposits of the Late Ordovician glacial maximum; it was deposited...
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View PDF for article title, Eolian input into the Late Ordovician postglacial <span class="search-highlight">Soom</span> <span class="search-highlight">Shale</span>, South Africa
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Journal Article

BRACHIOPODA FROM THE SOOM SHALE LAGERSTÄTTE (UPPER ORDOVICIAN, SOUTH AFRICA)

MICHAEL G. BASSETT, LEONID E. POPOV, RICHARD J. ALDRIDGE, SARAH E. GABBOTT, JOHANNES N. THERON
Published: 01 July 2009
Journal of Paleontology (2009) 83 (4): 614–623.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1666/08-136.1
...MICHAEL G. BASSETT; LEONID E. POPOV; RICHARD J. ALDRIDGE; SARAH E. GABBOTT; JOHANNES N. THERON Abstract Within the Soom Shale Lagerstätte of South Africa (Upper Ordovician, Hirnantian), two brachiopod taxa preserve traces of organic tissue. In Trematis , presumed bands of periostracum...
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View PDF for article title, BRACHIOPODA FROM THE <span class="search-highlight">SOOM</span> <span class="search-highlight">SHALE</span> LAGERSTÄTTE (UPPER ORDOVICIAN, SOUTH AFRICA)
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Journal Article

Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) scolecodont clusters from the Soom Shale Lagerstätte, South Africa

ROWAN WHITTLE, SARAH GABBOTT, RICHARD ALDRIDGE, JOHANNES THERON
Published: 01 November 2008
Journal of Micropalaeontology (2008) 27 (2): 147–159.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/jm.27.2.147
...ROWAN WHITTLE; SARAH GABBOTT; RICHARD ALDRIDGE; JOHANNES THERON Abstract More than 20 partial scolecodont clusters were recovered from the Soom Shale Lagerstätte, South Africa. The specimens were found in association with chitinozoans, algae, conodont apparatuses and the enigmatic needle-like...
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View PDF for article title, Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) scolecodont clusters from the <span class="search-highlight">Soom</span> <span class="search-highlight">Shale</span> Lagerstätte, South Africa
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Journal Article

Preservation of fossils in clay minerals; a unique example from the Upper Ordovician Soom Shale, South Africa

S. E. Gabbott, M. J. Norry, R. J. Aldridge, J. N. Theron
Published: 01 May 2001
Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society (2001) 53 (3): 237–244.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/pygs.53.3.237
...S. E. Gabbott; M. J. Norry; R. J. Aldridge; J. N. Theron SUMMARY In the Soom Shale, labile soft tissues have been replaced rapidly after death by authigenic clay minerals which now have an illitic composition. There are two possible pathways for this mineralization: (1) initial replacement of soft...
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View PDF for article title, Preservation of fossils in clay minerals; a unique example from the Upper Ordovician <span class="search-highlight">Soom</span> <span class="search-highlight">Shale</span>, South Africa
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Journal Article

Chitinozoan chains and cocoons from the Upper Ordovician Soom Shale lagerstätte, South Africa: implications for affinity

SARAH E. GABBOTT, RICHARD J. ALDRIDGE, JOHANNES N. THERON
Published: 01 June 1998
Journal of the Geological Society (1998) 155 (3): 447–452.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.155.3.0447
...SARAH E. GABBOTT; RICHARD J. ALDRIDGE; JOHANNES N. THERON Abstract The Upper Ordovician (Ashgill) Soom Shale lagerstätte preserves chitinozoans on the bedding planes as scattered individuals and, more significantly, in linked chains, in aggregated masses and associated with organic envelopes...
View PDF for article title, Chitinozoan chains and cocoons from the Upper Ordovician <span class="search-highlight">Soom</span> <span class="search-highlight">Shale</span> lagerstätte, South Africa: implications for affinity
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figs 1–11. The xanioprionid Xanioprion? n. sp. from the Soom Shale: 1, photograph of C319a; 2, photograph of C319b, mostly preserved in negative relief; 3–7, SEM backscattered electron images – (3) C319a, (4) C319b, (5) C319a enlargement of left MII and possible lateral teeth, (6) C319a enlargement of right MII showing the clear arcuate nature of this jaw, (7) C319a enlargement of possible lateral teeth, which are ventral to the left MII; 8, 9, photographs of C1976a (part) and b (counterpart), respectively, MI plus arcuate MII and parts of possible lateral teeth visible; where the specimen has a composition of carbon (plus clay minerals) on the part (black areas), a composition of clay minerals only is seen on the counterpart (white areas); 10, SEM backscattered electron image of C1976a; 11, SEM backscattered electron image of C1976b, MI and arcuate MII jaw clear. Abbreviations: MI, first maxilla; MII, second maxilla; Lt, lateral teeth. Scale bars in 1–4=0.5 mm, 5 and 6=0.25 mm, 7=0.1 mm and 8–11=0.5 mm.

figs 1–11. The xanioprionid Xanioprion ? n. sp. from the Soom Shale: 1, ...

Published: 01 November 2008
Explanation of Plate 1. figs 1–11. The xanioprionid Xanioprion ? n. sp. from the Soom Shale: 1, photograph of C319a; 2, photograph of C319b, mostly preserved in negative relief; 3–7, SEM backscattered electron images – (3) C319a, (4) C319b, (5) C319a enlargement of left MII and possible
Journal Article

Experimental attachment of sediment particles to invertebrate eggs and the preservation of soft-bodied fossils

Derek Martin, Derek E.G. Briggs, R. John Parkes
Published: 01 September 2004
Journal of the Geological Society (2004) 161 (5): 735–738.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-764903-164
...Derek Martin; Derek E.G. Briggs; R. John Parkes Abstract Clay minerals can be an important agent in the fossilization of soft tissues, notably in the Ordovician Soom Shale of South Africa and the Cambrian Burgess Shale of Canada. The replication of morphology has been attributed to adsorption...
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Journal Article

Cold feet: Trackways and burrows in ice-marginal strata of the end-Ordovician glaciation (Table Mountain Group, South Africa)

Neil S. Davies, Anthony P. Shillito, Cameron R. Penn-Clarke
Journal: Geology
Published: 28 July 2020
Geology (2020) 48 (12): 1159–1163.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G47808.1
... been associated with such settings implies that faunal associations that were tolerant of brackish water were also established by that time. The locality has further significance because it records the activity of a nearshore animal community contemporaneous with the fauna of the nearby Soom Shale...
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View PDF for article title, Cold feet: Trackways and burrows in ice-marginal strata of the end-Ordovician glaciation (Table Mountain Group, South Africa)
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Journal Article

Exceptionally preserved conodont apparatuses with giant elements from the Middle Ordovician Winneshiek Konservat-Lagerstätte, Iowa, USA

Huaibao P. Liu, Stig M. Bergström, Brian J. Witzke, Derek E. G. Briggs, Robert M. McKay, Annalisa Ferretti
Published: 28 February 2017
Journal of Paleontology (2017) 91 (3): 493–511.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2016.155
.... apparatuses from the Winneshiek Lagerstätte have an estimated average length of 2–3 cm, which is larger than the Upper Ordovician apparatuses described from the Soom Shale in South Africa (e.g., Theron et al., 1990 ; Aldridge et al., 2013 ). Although individual elements from both...
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View PDF for article title, Exceptionally preserved conodont apparatuses with giant elements from the Middle Ordovician Winneshiek Konservat-Lagerstätte, Iowa, USA
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Geological context of trace-fossil-bearing strata at Matjiesgoedkloof. (A) Location relative to other outcrop of Pakhuis Formation and Table Mountain Group in Western Cape Province. (B) Sedimentary log through strata at Matjiesgoedkloof (KOBE/SOOM—overlying Kobe Member and Soom Shale Member; VRD GP—underlying Vanrhynsdorp Group). See Figure 2C for fossil abbreviations. (C) Cross section through Cape Basin along line A-A′ (in A) showing regional stratigraphic relationships within Table Mountain Group, modified after Rust (1973). PIE—Piekenierskloof Formation; GFW—Graafwater Formation; PEN—Peninsula Formation; CED—Cedarberg Formation (SS—Soom Shale Member; DM—Disa Member); NAR—Nardouw Subgroup; SIL.—Silurian; Sbgp—Subgroup; Gp—Group; Fm—Formation.

Geological context of trace-fossil-bearing strata at Matjiesgoedkloof. (A) ...

Published: 28 July 2020
Figure 1. Geological context of trace-fossil-bearing strata at Matjiesgoedkloof. (A) Location relative to other outcrop of Pakhuis Formation and Table Mountain Group in Western Cape Province. (B) Sedimentary log through strata at Matjiesgoedkloof (KOBE/SOOM—overlying Kobe Member and Soom Shale
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(a) Schematic stratigraphic log of the Cedarberg Formation showing the lower and upper contacts with the glacial Pakhuis and braided fluvial Goudini Formations, respectively. The upward-coarsening Cedarberg Formation is subdivided into the lower Soom and Upper Disa Members, both deposited in a shallow marine environment. (b) Dick Aldridge (right) and Hannes Theron. (c) Typical exposure of weathered Soom Shale sediment. (d) Drill rig at Holfontein.

( a ) Schematic stratigraphic log of the Cedarberg Formation showing the lo...

Published: 20 October 2016
deposited in a shallow marine environment. ( b ) Dick Aldridge (right) and Hannes Theron. ( c ) Typical exposure of weathered Soom Shale sediment. ( d ) Drill rig at Holfontein.
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A global reconstruction for the end of the Ordovician/beginning of the Silurian (440 Ma), with the location of the Soom Shale Lagerstätte (reconstruction from Fortey &amp; Cocks, 2003; modified from Cocks &amp; Torsvik, 2002).

A global reconstruction for the end of the Ordovician/beginning of the Silu...

Published: 01 November 2008
Fig. 5. A global reconstruction for the end of the Ordovician/beginning of the Silurian (440 Ma), with the location of the Soom Shale Lagerstätte (reconstruction from Fortey & Cocks, 2003 ; modified from Cocks & Torsvik, 2002 ).
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Length–width diagrams of the specimens of Spinachitina oulebsiri and Spinachitina verniersi n. sp. from the Soom Shale Member. Abbreviations, following Paris (1981): L, total length; Dp, chamber diameter.

Length–width diagrams of the specimens of Spinachitina oulebsiri and Spi...

Published: 01 May 2009
Fig. 4. Length–width diagrams of the specimens of Spinachitina oulebsiri and Spinachitina verniersi n. sp. from the Soom Shale Member. Abbreviations, following Paris (1981 ): L, total length; Dp, chamber diameter.
Image
Outcrop of the Table Mountain Group in southwestern South Africa, showing the location of the fossiliferous exposures of the Soom Shale (from Gabbott et al., 2003). Scolecodont clusters were found at Keurbos Quarry, near to the town of Clanwilliam.

Outcrop of the Table Mountain Group in southwestern South Africa, showing t...

Published: 01 November 2008
Fig. 4. Outcrop of the Table Mountain Group in southwestern South Africa, showing the location of the fossiliferous exposures of the Soom Shale (from Gabbott et al ., 2003 ). Scolecodont clusters were found at Keurbos Quarry, near to the town of Clanwilliam.
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A Gondwanan model that shows the stratigraphical ranges of the three key Spinachitina species discussed in the text. The Tanuchitina elongata fauna is typical of the glacial deposits in the Hirnantian; Spinachitina oulebsiri and Spinachitina verniersi n. sp. appear in the post-glacial melting phase/transgression, which occupies the transitional interval between the Ordovician and Silurian. Spinachitina fragilis is typical of the early Silurian. The time of deposition of the Soom Shale Member is within the grey area labelled SOOM*. A more precise calibration of these chitinozoan ranges versus the graptolite stratigraphy is work in progress (detailed in the text).

A Gondwanan model that shows the stratigraphical ranges of the three key S...

Published: 01 May 2009
-glacial melting phase/transgression, which occupies the transitional interval between the Ordovician and Silurian. Spinachitina fragilis is typical of the early Silurian. The time of deposition of the Soom Shale Member is within the grey area labelled SOOM*. A more precise calibration
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Generalized stratigraphy of the Table Mountain Group. Expanded column (not to scale) shows the stratigraphical relationships between the Pakhuis and Cedarberg formations, and the position of the Soom Shale and Disa Siltstone members (modified from Young et al., 2004; after Theron &amp; Thamm, 1990).

Generalized stratigraphy of the Table Mountain Group. Expanded column (not ...

Published: 01 November 2008
Fig. 6. Generalized stratigraphy of the Table Mountain Group. Expanded column (not to scale) shows the stratigraphical relationships between the Pakhuis and Cedarberg formations, and the position of the Soom Shale and Disa Siltstone members (modified from Young et al ., 2004 ; after Theron
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(a) Palaeogeographical reconstruction for c. 444 Ma, showing that the palaeolatitude of the southernmost portion of South Africa was 30 – 45°S. (b) In outcrop the Soom Shale Member is distinctive and typically occurs as a recessive marker (here at Holfontein). (c) The outcrop of the Cape Supergroup in South Africa. The red box shows limits of map in (d). (d) Outcrop of the Table Mountain Group, and Cedarberg Formation showing fossil-bearing localities.

( a ) Palaeogeographical reconstruction for c. 444 Ma, showing that the p...

Published: 20 October 2016
Fig. 1. ( a ) Palaeogeographical reconstruction for c. 444 Ma, showing that the palaeolatitude of the southernmost portion of South Africa was 30 – 45°S. ( b ) In outcrop the Soom Shale Member is distinctive and typically occurs as a recessive marker (here at Holfontein). ( c ) The outcrop
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Map of part of the Western Cape Province, South Africa showing the outcrop area of the Table Mountain Group (shaded grey) and the fossil-collecting localities Keurbos, Swartleikloof and Sandfontein. The core (‘Keurbos 70’) from which the chitinozoan samples were taken is located 1 km southwest of the main Keurbos locality. Alongside is a schematic stratigraphical section showing part of the Table Mountain Group and the position of the Soom Shale Member which has dropstones at its base. The exact depths of sample collection in the core are given in Table 1.

Map of part of the Western Cape Province, South Africa showing the outcrop ...

Published: 01 May 2009
southwest of the main Keurbos locality. Alongside is a schematic stratigraphical section showing part of the Table Mountain Group and the position of the Soom Shale Member which has dropstones at its base. The exact depths of sample collection in the core are given in Table 1.