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Geological context of trace-fossil-bearing strata at Matjiesgoedkloof. (A) Location relative to other outcrop of Pakhuis Formation and Table Mountain Group in Western Cape Province. (B) Sedimentary log through strata at Matjiesgoedkloof (KOBE/SOOM—overlying Kobe Member and Soom Shale Member; VRD GP—underlying Vanrhynsdorp Group). See Figure 2C for fossil abbreviations. (C) Cross section through Cape Basin along line A-A′ (in A) showing regional stratigraphic relationships within Table Mountain Group, modified after Rust (1973). PIE—Piekenierskloof Formation; GFW—Graafwater Formation; PEN—Peninsula Formation; CED—Cedarberg Formation (SS—Soom Shale Member; DM—Disa Member); NAR—Nardouw Subgroup; SIL.—Silurian; Sbgp—Subgroup; Gp—Group; Fm—Formation.

Geological context of trace-fossil-bearing strata at Matjiesgoedkloof. (A) ... Available to Purchase

Published: 28 July 2020
Figure 1. Geological context of trace-fossil-bearing strata at Matjiesgoedkloof. (A) Location relative to other outcrop of Pakhuis Formation and Table Mountain Group in Western Cape Province. (B) Sedimentary log through strata at Matjiesgoedkloof (KOBE/SOOM—overlying Kobe Member and Soom Shale
Journal Article

Chitinozoans and the age of the Soom Shale, an Ordovician black shale Lagerstätte, South Africa Available to Purchase

THIJS R. A. VANDENBROUCKE, SARAH E. GABBOTT, FLORENTIN PARIS, RICHARD J. ALDRIDGE, JOHANNES N. THERON
Published: 01 May 2009
Journal of Micropalaeontology (2009) 28 (1): 53–66.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/jm.28.1.53
...THIJS R. A. VANDENBROUCKE; SARAH E. GABBOTT; FLORENTIN PARIS; RICHARD J. ALDRIDGE; JOHANNES N. THERON Abstract Isolated chitinozoans from the Soom Shale Member of the Cedarberg Formation, SW South Africa are described and provide a date of the latest Hirnantian–earliest Rhuddanian. The recovered...
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View PDF for article title, Chitinozoans and the age of the <span class="search-highlight">Soom</span> Shale, an Ordovician black shale Lagerstätte, South Africa
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(a) Schematic stratigraphic log of the Cedarberg Formation showing the lower and upper contacts with the glacial Pakhuis and braided fluvial Goudini Formations, respectively. The upward-coarsening Cedarberg Formation is subdivided into the lower Soom and Upper Disa Members, both deposited in a shallow marine environment. (b) Dick Aldridge (right) and Hannes Theron. (c) Typical exposure of weathered Soom Shale sediment. (d) Drill rig at Holfontein.

( a ) Schematic stratigraphic log of the Cedarberg Formation showing the lo... Open Access

Published: 20 October 2016
Fig. 2. ( a ) Schematic stratigraphic log of the Cedarberg Formation showing the lower and upper contacts with the glacial Pakhuis and braided fluvial Goudini Formations, respectively. The upward-coarsening Cedarberg Formation is subdivided into the lower Soom and Upper Disa Members, both
Journal Article

Eolian input into the Late Ordovician postglacial Soom Shale, South Africa Available to Purchase

Sarah E. Gabbott, Jan Zalasiewicz, Richard J. Aldridge, Johannes N. Theron
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 December 2010
Geology (2010) 38 (12): 1103–1106.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G31426.1
...Sarah E. Gabbott; Jan Zalasiewicz; Richard J. Aldridge; Johannes N. Theron Abstract The Soom Shale Member of the Cedarberg Formation (South Africa) is a key early Paleozoic Lagerstätte that directly overlies glacigenic deposits of the Late Ordovician glacial maximum; it was deposited...
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A Gondwanan model that shows the stratigraphical ranges of the three key Spinachitina species discussed in the text. The Tanuchitina elongata fauna is typical of the glacial deposits in the Hirnantian; Spinachitina oulebsiri and Spinachitina verniersi n. sp. appear in the post-glacial melting phase/transgression, which occupies the transitional interval between the Ordovician and Silurian. Spinachitina fragilis is typical of the early Silurian. The time of deposition of the Soom Shale Member is within the grey area labelled SOOM*. A more precise calibration of these chitinozoan ranges versus the graptolite stratigraphy is work in progress (detailed in the text).

A Gondwanan model that shows the stratigraphical ranges of the three key S... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2009
-glacial melting phase/transgression, which occupies the transitional interval between the Ordovician and Silurian. Spinachitina fragilis is typical of the early Silurian. The time of deposition of the Soom Shale Member is within the grey area labelled SOOM*. A more precise calibration
Image
Length–width diagrams of the specimens of Spinachitina oulebsiri and Spinachitina verniersi n. sp. from the Soom Shale Member. Abbreviations, following Paris (1981): L, total length; Dp, chamber diameter.

Length–width diagrams of the specimens of Spinachitina oulebsiri and Spi... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2009
Fig. 4. Length–width diagrams of the specimens of Spinachitina oulebsiri and Spinachitina verniersi n. sp. from the Soom Shale Member. Abbreviations, following Paris (1981 ): L, total length; Dp, chamber diameter.
Image
Generalized stratigraphy of the Table Mountain Group. Expanded column (not to scale) shows the stratigraphical relationships between the Pakhuis and Cedarberg formations, and the position of the Soom Shale and Disa Siltstone members (modified from Young et al., 2004; after Theron &amp; Thamm, 1990).

Generalized stratigraphy of the Table Mountain Group. Expanded column (not ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2008
Fig. 6. Generalized stratigraphy of the Table Mountain Group. Expanded column (not to scale) shows the stratigraphical relationships between the Pakhuis and Cedarberg formations, and the position of the Soom Shale and Disa Siltstone members (modified from Young et al ., 2004 ; after Theron
Book Chapter

The Ordovician System of South Africa: a review Available to Purchase

Author(s)
C. R. Penn-Clarke, C. Browning, D. A. T. Harper
Book: A Global Synthesis of the Ordovician System: Part 2
Series: Geological Society, London, Special Publications
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 17 May 2023
DOI: 10.1144/SP533-2022-23
EISBN: 9781786209658
.... Here, body fossils are restricted to world-class Lagerstätten deposits known from the ‘Soom and Disa members’ of the Cedarberg Formation ( Gabbott et al. 2017 ). Those fossils from the Soom member comprise a biogeographically unique faunule of apparent Hirnantian identity and are of latest Ordovician...
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Abstract
View PDF for content titled, The Ordovician System of South Africa: a review
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Abstract Outcrops of the Ordovician System in South Africa are extensive; they cover significant portions of the Northern, Western and Eastern Cape provinces as part of the Cape Fold Belt as well as the KwaZulu-Natal Province as supracrustal cover overlying the Natal sector of the Paleoproterozoic Namaqua-Natal metamorphic province. Within the Cape Fold Belt, Ordovician rocks of the Table Mountain Group (Piekenierskloof, Graafwater, Peninsula, Pakhuis and Cedarberg formations as well as the enigmatic Sardinia Bay Formation) outcrop extensively whilst pre-Cape rocks of the Kansa Group (Vaartwell, Uitvlug, Gezwinds Kraal and Schoongezigt formations) and Schoemanspoort Formation are present within the Kango Inlier encapsulated by the fold belt. The Natal Group (Durban and Mariannhill formations) is entirely located within KwaZulu-Natal. For the most part, these metasiliciclastic rocks are markedly unfossiliferous except for the world class fossil deposits of the Cedarberg Formation and important trace fossil sites in the Graafwater, Peninsula and Pakhuis formations. The lack of palaeontological material and other accurate geochronological proxies in these successions (as well as those of the Kansa and Natal groups and Schoemanspoort Formation) makes estimations of relative age constraints tenuous at best and difficult to correlate with global Ordovician chronostratigraphic frameworks. Regardless of the challenges faced in correlating these rocks within global frameworks, these rocks provide a unique low latitude glimpse into Earth surface processes and the feedback loops that ensued within the biological realm along the southern margin of Gondwana.

Image
(a) Palaeogeographical reconstruction for c. 444 Ma, showing that the palaeolatitude of the southernmost portion of South Africa was 30 – 45°S. (b) In outcrop the Soom Shale Member is distinctive and typically occurs as a recessive marker (here at Holfontein). (c) The outcrop of the Cape Supergroup in South Africa. The red box shows limits of map in (d). (d) Outcrop of the Table Mountain Group, and Cedarberg Formation showing fossil-bearing localities.

( a ) Palaeogeographical reconstruction for c. 444 Ma, showing that the p... Open Access

Published: 20 October 2016
Fig. 1. ( a ) Palaeogeographical reconstruction for c. 444 Ma, showing that the palaeolatitude of the southernmost portion of South Africa was 30 – 45°S. ( b ) In outcrop the Soom Shale Member is distinctive and typically occurs as a recessive marker (here at Holfontein). ( c ) The outcrop
Journal Article

Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) scolecodont clusters from the Soom Shale Lagerstätte, South Africa Available to Purchase

ROWAN WHITTLE, SARAH GABBOTT, RICHARD ALDRIDGE, JOHANNES THERON
Published: 01 November 2008
Journal of Micropalaeontology (2008) 27 (2): 147–159.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/jm.27.2.147
...Fig. 6. Generalized stratigraphy of the Table Mountain Group. Expanded column (not to scale) shows the stratigraphical relationships between the Pakhuis and Cedarberg formations, and the position of the Soom Shale and Disa Siltstone members (modified from Young et al ., 2004 ; after Theron...
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View PDF for article title, Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) scolecodont clusters from the <span class="search-highlight">Soom</span> Shale Lagerstätte, South Africa
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Reconstruction of members of the family Liwiidae Dzik &amp; Lendzion, 1988 and the genus Buenaspis Budd, 1999: (a) Tariccoia tazagurtensis sp. nov., Fezouata Shale, Morocco; (b) Tariccoia arrusensis Hammann et al., 1990, Riu is Arrus Member of the Monte Argentu Formation, Sardinia; (c) Liwia plana (Lendzion, 1975), Zawiszyn Formation, Poland; (d) Soomaspis splendida Fortey &amp; Theron, 1994, Soom Shale, South Africa; (e) Buenaspis forteyi Budd, 1999, Buen Formation, Greenland. Dotted lines represent underlying structures of the dorsal exoskeleton. Scale bar is 1 mm. Reconstruction of T. arrusensis, L. plana, S. splendida and B. fortey based on Hammann et al. (1990), personal observation, Fortey &amp; Theron (1994) and Budd (1999), respectively.

Reconstruction of members of the family Liwiidae Dzik & Lendzion, 1988... Available to Purchase

Published: 10 July 2020
Fig. 3. Reconstruction of members of the family Liwiidae Dzik & Lendzion, 1988 and the genus Buenaspis Budd, 1999 : (a) Tariccoia tazagurtensis sp. nov., Fezouata Shale, Morocco; (b) Tariccoia arrusensis Hammann et al ., 1990 , Riu is Arrus Member of the Monte Argentu Formation
Journal Article

The late Ordovician Soom Shale Lagerstätte: an extraordinary post-glacial fossil and sedimentary record Open Access

Sarah E. Gabbott, Claire Browning, Johannes N. Theron, Rowan J. Whittle
Published: 20 October 2016
Journal of the Geological Society (2017) 174 (1): 1–9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2016-076
...Fig. 2. ( a ) Schematic stratigraphic log of the Cedarberg Formation showing the lower and upper contacts with the glacial Pakhuis and braided fluvial Goudini Formations, respectively. The upward-coarsening Cedarberg Formation is subdivided into the lower Soom and Upper Disa Members, both...
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View PDF for article title, The late Ordovician <span class="search-highlight">Soom</span> Shale Lagerstätte: an extraordinary post-glacial fossil and sedimentary record
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Map of part of the Western Cape Province, South Africa showing the outcrop area of the Table Mountain Group (shaded grey) and the fossil-collecting localities Keurbos, Swartleikloof and Sandfontein. The core (‘Keurbos 70’) from which the chitinozoan samples were taken is located 1 km southwest of the main Keurbos locality. Alongside is a schematic stratigraphical section showing part of the Table Mountain Group and the position of the Soom Shale Member which has dropstones at its base. The exact depths of sample collection in the core are given in Table 1.

Map of part of the Western Cape Province, South Africa showing the outcrop ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2009
southwest of the main Keurbos locality. Alongside is a schematic stratigraphical section showing part of the Table Mountain Group and the position of the Soom Shale Member which has dropstones at its base. The exact depths of sample collection in the core are given in Table 1.
Image
Figure 6. Kosoidea cedarbergensis sp. nov. 1, [C1371C], cluster of mainly articulated valves possibly representing a single generation, arrow pointed on the specimens with preserved pedicle, ×3; 2–4, [C1723A, C1723B, holotype]; umbonal area of the ventral valve showing longitudinal section through fossilised pedicle, ×13, ×20; detail of the pedicle, ×75; 5, 6, [C1371B], ventral valve showing partly preserved cast of the pedicle, ×8; details of the pedicle notch with pedicle, ×45; 7, 8, [C1371B], umbonal area of ventral valve with cast of the pedicle, ×42, detail of the pedicle, ×80. All specimens are from the Upper Ordovician, Hirnantian, Soom Shale Member, Cedarberg Formation, South Africa. 1, 5–8 from Kromrivier, 2–4 from Keurbos.

Figure 6. Kosoidea cedarbergensis sp. nov. 1 , [C1371C], cluster of main... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2009
. All specimens are from the Upper Ordovician, Hirnantian, Soom Shale Member, Cedarberg Formation, South Africa. 1 , 5 – 8 from Kromrivier, 2 – 4 from Keurbos.
Journal Article

BRACHIOPODA FROM THE SOOM SHALE LAGERSTÄTTE (UPPER ORDOVICIAN, SOUTH AFRICA) Available to Purchase

MICHAEL G. BASSETT, LEONID E. POPOV, RICHARD J. ALDRIDGE, SARAH E. GABBOTT, JOHANNES N. THERON
Published: 01 July 2009
Journal of Paleontology (2009) 83 (4): 614–623.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1666/08-136.1
.... All specimens are from the Upper Ordovician, Hirnantian, Soom Shale Member, Cedarberg Formation, South Africa. 1 , 5 – 8 from Kromrivier, 2 – 4 from Keurbos. ...
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View PDF for article title, BRACHIOPODA FROM THE <span class="search-highlight">SOOM</span> SHALE LAGERSTÄTTE (UPPER ORDOVICIAN, SOUTH AFRICA)
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Journal Article

Chitinozoan chains and cocoons from the Upper Ordovician Soom Shale lagerstätte, South Africa: implications for affinity Available to Purchase

SARAH E. GABBOTT, RICHARD J. ALDRIDGE, JOHANNES N. THERON
Published: 01 June 1998
Journal of the Geological Society (1998) 155 (3): 447–452.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.155.3.0447
... to extract chitinozoans may separate neighbouring individuals. Chitinozoans have previously been recovered by Cramer et al. (1974) from the Upper Ordovician Soom Shale Member of the Cedarberg Formation, South Africa, only as a few isolated individuals from a locality at Swartleikloof (Fig. 1a). The Soom...
View PDF for article title, Chitinozoan chains and cocoons from the Upper Ordovician <span class="search-highlight">Soom</span> Shale lagerstätte, South Africa: implications for affinity
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Journal Article

Cold feet: Trackways and burrows in ice-marginal strata of the end-Ordovician glaciation (Table Mountain Group, South Africa) Available to Purchase

Neil S. Davies, Anthony P. Shillito, Cameron R. Penn-Clarke
Journal: Geology
Published: 28 July 2020
Geology (2020) 48 (12): 1159–1163.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G47808.1
...Figure 1. Geological context of trace-fossil-bearing strata at Matjiesgoedkloof. (A) Location relative to other outcrop of Pakhuis Formation and Table Mountain Group in Western Cape Province. (B) Sedimentary log through strata at Matjiesgoedkloof (KOBE/SOOM—overlying Kobe Member and Soom Shale...
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View PDF for article title, Cold feet: Trackways and burrows in ice-marginal strata of the end-Ordovician glaciation (Table Mountain Group, South Africa)
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Figure 1. 1–6, Palaeoglossa sp.: 1, 5, C2043AI, BI; dorsal valve interior and internal mould, ×15. 2, 6, C1761A, B; ventral valve interior and internal mould, ×15; 3, 4, C467A, 467B dorsal valve exterior and external mould, ×15; 7–12, Kosoidea cedarbergensis sp. nov.: 7, C1177A, cluster of mainly articulated valves possibly representing a single generation, ×2; 8, C1371A, small cluster of conjoined valves representing two different generations, ×5.4; 9–11, C850B, digitally inverted view of dorsal umbonal area, ×6, dorsal external mould, ×2.7, detail of ornament, ×6.7; 12, C934A, dorsal valve exterior, ×6. All specimens are from the Upper Ordovician, Hirnantian, Soom Shale Member Cedarberg Formation, South Africa; 1–6, 9–12, from Keurbos; g–h, from Kromrivier.

Figure 1. 1–6 , Palaeoglossa sp.: 1 , 5 , C2043AI, BI; dorsal valve in... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2009
, ×6.7; 12 , C934A, dorsal valve exterior, ×6. All specimens are from the Upper Ordovician, Hirnantian, Soom Shale Member Cedarberg Formation, South Africa; 1–6 , 9 – 12 , from Keurbos; g–h, from Kromrivier.
Journal Article

Preservation of fossils in clay minerals; a unique example from the Upper Ordovician Soom Shale, South Africa Available to Purchase

S. E. Gabbott, M. J. Norry, R. J. Aldridge, J. N. Theron
Published: 01 May 2001
Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society (2001) 53 (3): 237–244.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/pygs.53.3.237
... Society, 2001 2001 The Soom Shale, lower member of the Upper Ordovician Cedarberg Formation, is a prominent argillaceous unit within the Cambrian-Devonian Table Mountain Group of South Africa ( Theron et al. 1990 ). The Soom Shale is a conservation-lagerstâtte preserving the soft tissues...
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Figure 4. 1, C1371C, cluster of mainly articulated valves of Kosoidea cedarbergensis sp. nov. and large disarticulated ventral valve of Trematis taljaardi Rowell (left), ×3; 2–6, Kosoidea cedarbergensis sp. nov.; 2, 4, C1723A, C1723B, holotype, ventral valve external mould and counterpart exterior, showing fossilized pedicle (p) and periostracal bands (pb) on lateral sides of pedicle notch, ×5; 3, C1371A, dorsal valve internal mould (left) and dorsal valve exterior (right) showing position of posterolateral muscle fields (plm), central muscle scars (cm), oblique lateral muscle scars (ol), vascula media (vm) and vascula lateralia (vl), ×8.3; 5, [C1390A], ventral valve exterior of mature specimen, ×3; 6, [C1390A], portion of small shell cluster of individuals of various sizes, ×2.3; 7, Plectothyrella sp. [C1177A], group of specimens encrusting an orthocone cephalopod, representing two ventral valves (left and centre) and dorsal external mould (right), ×2.5. All specimens are from the Upper Ordovician, Hirnantian, Soom Shale Member, Cedarberg Formation, South Africa. a, c, e–g from Kromrivier, b, d from Keurbos.

Figure 4. 1 , C1371C, cluster of mainly articulated valves of Kosoidea ce... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2009
cephalopod, representing two ventral valves (left and centre) and dorsal external mould (right), ×2.5. All specimens are from the Upper Ordovician, Hirnantian, Soom Shale Member, Cedarberg Formation, South Africa. a, c, e–g from Kromrivier, b, d from Keurbos.