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Journal Article

Origins and evolution of two types of Late Triassic granitic magmas in the Caolong-Xiangkariwa area of central-eastern Songpan-Ganze terrane, northern Tibet: Implications for pegmatite lithium mineralization Available to Purchase

Jin-Heng Liu, Qiang Wang, Wu-Fu Li, Bing-Zhang Wang, Derek A. Wyman, Lin Ding, He Wang, Chuan-Bing Xu, Shan-Ping Li, Chun-Tao Wang, Jian-Dong Liu, Rong-Qing Zhang, Zi-Long Wang, Tong-Yu Huang, Xin-Yuan Zhang
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 27 October 2023
GSA Bulletin (2024) 136 (5-6): 2543–2557.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/B37088.1
... a world-class pegmatite-type Li deposit belt (up to 2800 km long) closely associated with the Late Triassic granitoids and (meta)sedimentary rocks along the West Kunlun and Hoh Xil-Songpan-Ganze terranes in northern Tibet. This study presents a comprehensive petrological, geochronological, and geochemical...
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View PDF for article title, Origins and evolution of two types of Late Triassic granitic magmas in the Caolong-Xiangkariwa area of central-eastern <span class="search-highlight">Songpan</span>-<span class="search-highlight">Ganze</span> <span class="search-highlight">terrane</span>, northern Tibet: Implications for pegmatite lithium mineralization
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Schematic maps of the LMS and Songpan–Ganze terrane illustrating the major stress direction during the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic (a) and the present-day (b). Dashed green lines show the hinge lines of folds in the Songpan–Ganze terrane. White arrows show the material movement direction from the GPS data (Zhang et al. 2004). The change of the compression direction in the LMS caused opposite strike-slip components of the thrust faults in the southern LMS.

Schematic maps of the LMS and Songpan–Ganze terrane illustrating the major ... Available to Purchase

Published: 27 August 2024
Fig. 15. Schematic maps of the LMS and Songpan–Ganze terrane illustrating the major stress direction during the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic ( a ) and the present-day ( b ). Dashed green lines show the hinge lines of folds in the Songpan–Ganze terrane. White arrows show the material movement
Journal Article

Lithospheric Structures beneath the Tibetan Plateau Constrained by Sn Propagation Efficiency Open Access

Mengfan Jiang, Weijia Sun, Jiamin Hu, Qingya Tang
Journal: Lithosphere
Publisher: GSW
Published: 25 April 2022
Lithosphere (2022) 2022 (1): 4073788.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/2022/4073788
... in the Tibetan Plateau. Our results show that with increasing frequencies, the inefficient Sn wave zone becomes larger, expanding to the eastern Songpan-Ganze terrane and then to the Sanjiang area and the southern margin of the Qilian orogenic belt. The northern and eastern boundaries of the inefficient Sn zone...
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View PDF for article title, Lithospheric Structures beneath the Tibetan Plateau Constrained by Sn Propagation Efficiency
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Journal Article

The Late Triassic Longmenshan lateral foreland thrusting: New insights from geological evidence and 3-D particle discrete-element simulation Available to Purchase

Haonan Zhao, Yuanyuan Zhang, Wei Du, Yang Zhang, Renjie Zhou, Zhaojie Guo
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 14 December 2022
GSA Bulletin (2023) 135 (9-10): 2219–2236.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/B36501.1
...-Ganze basin. The Late Triassic NE–SW compression caused by the northward movement of the Qiangtang Block and the resulting differential shortening within the wedge-shaped Songpan-Ganze terrane produced southeastward topographic gradient. The thick sedimentary pile, driven by the horizontal tectonic...
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View PDF for article title, The Late Triassic Longmenshan lateral foreland thrusting: New insights from geological evidence and 3-D particle discrete-element simulation
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Journal Article

Formation, reactivation and exhumation of the extruded basement wedge in the southern Longmen Shan, eastern Tibetan plateau Available to Purchase

Zhiqin Xu, Haibing Li, Yuntao Tian, Qin Wang, Changqin Yu, Guangwei Li, Shaocheng Ji, Michel Faure, Marie-Luce Chevalier
Published: 27 August 2024
Journal of the Geological Society (2024) 181 (6): jgs2023-088.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2023-088
...Fig. 15. Schematic maps of the LMS and Songpan–Ganze terrane illustrating the major stress direction during the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic ( a ) and the present-day ( b ). Dashed green lines show the hinge lines of folds in the Songpan–Ganze terrane. White arrows show the material movement...
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View PDF for article title, Formation, reactivation and exhumation of the extruded basement wedge in the southern Longmen Shan, eastern Tibetan plateau
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Journal Article

Importance of continental subductions for the growth of the Tibetan plateau Available to Purchase

Stéphane Guillot, Anne Replumaz
Published: 01 March 2013
Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (2013) 184 (3): 199–223.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.184.3.199
... with the detachment of the Indian slab. Between 45 and 35 Ma, the continental collision is established, resulting in the thickening of the internal Himalayan region and southern Tibet and the initiation of intra-tibetan subductions. By 35 Ma, the southward subduction of the intra-tibetan Songpan-Ganze terrane ends...
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View PDF for article title, Importance of continental subductions for the growth of the Tibetan plateau
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Journal Article

Tourmaline geochemical and boron isotopic constraints on the magmatic-hydrothermal transition and Li mineralization in LCT-type pegmatites Available to Purchase

Wenjing Li, Bin Chen, Xiaodong Chen, Yang Sun, Shuaijie Liu
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 19 February 2025
GSA Bulletin (2025)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/B37859.1
.... However, deciphering the details of the melt-fluid evolution and Li distribution behavior remains difficult. We conducted studies of in situ major and trace elements and B isotopes of tourmalines from the Dangba Li-rich and Li-poor pegmatites in the Songpan-Ganze terrane of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau...
View PDF for article title, Tourmaline geochemical and boron isotopic constraints on the magmatic-hydrothermal transition and Li mineralization in LCT-type pegmatites
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Journal Article

Age and anatomy of the Gongga Shan batholith, eastern Tibetan Plateau, and its relationship to the active Xianshui-he fault Open Access

Michael P. Searle, Nick M.W. Roberts, Sun-Lin Chung, Yuan-Hsi Lee, Kristen L. Cook, John R. Elliott, Owen M. Weller, Marc R. St-Onge, Xi-Wei Xu, Xi-Bin Tan, Kang Li
Journal: Geosphere
Published: 01 June 2016
Geosphere (2016) 12 (3): 948–970.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01244.1
... to Paleo-Tethyan subduction zone magmatism along the western Yangtze block of south China. The younger component may be related to localized partial melting (muscovite dehydration) of thickened Triassic flysch-type sediments in the Songpan-Ganze terrane, and are among the youngest crustal melt granites...
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View PDF for article title, Age and anatomy of the Gongga Shan batholith, eastern Tibetan Plateau, and its relationship to the active Xianshui-he fault
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SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONs OF DIORITES, GRANODIORITES, GRANITES, AND PEGMATITES IN... Available to Purchase

Published: 27 October 2023
TABLE 1. SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONs OF DIORITES, GRANODIORITES, GRANITES, AND PEGMATITES IN THE CAOLONG-XIANGKARIWA AREA, SONGPAN-GANZE TERRANE, NORTHERN TIBET
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Sketch of upwelling and lateral flow of asthenospheric material beneath the Tibetan Plateau based on our results of inefficient Sn wave propagation. (a) Map of the mean Sn propagation efficiency at 1.5-2.0 Hz. White lines S-S′ and W-W′ denote the profiles shown in (b) and (c). Area A is the location of the potassic basaltic magma assemblage from 45 to 35 Ma, areas B and C are the locations of the potassic basaltic magma assemblage from 42 to 30 Ma, and areas D and E are the locations of the potassium alkaline-carbonate rock assemblages from 27 to 7 Ma [1, 46]. (b) Profile of S-S′ in (a). (c) Profile of W-W′ in (a). Crust is marked by brown, cold lithospheric mantle is marked by gray, and hot lithospheric is marked by orange. LT: Lhasa terrane; QT: Qiangtang terrane; WSGT: western Songpan-Ganze terrane; QB: Qaidam Basin; YZS: Yarlong–Zangbo suture; BNS: Bangong-NuJiang suture; JS: JinShaJiang suture; WTP: western Tibet Plateau; WQT: western Qiangtang terrane; CQT: central Qiangtang terrane; EQT: eastern Qiangtang terrane; SSGT: southern Songpan-Ganze terrane.

Sketch of upwelling and lateral flow of asthenospheric material beneath the... Open Access

Published: 25 April 2022
, 46 ]. (b) Profile of S-S ′ in (a). (c) Profile of W-W ′ in (a). Crust is marked by brown, cold lithospheric mantle is marked by gray, and hot lithospheric is marked by orange. LT: Lhasa terrane; QT: Qiangtang terrane; WSGT: western Songpan-Ganze terrane; QB: Qaidam Basin; YZS
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Schematic diagram for the magmatic origin and evolution of metaluminous–slightly peraluminous granitoids and strongly peraluminous granites in the Songpan-Ganze terrane of northern Tibet. AKMS—Ayimaqin-Kunlun-Matztagh suture; KQQ—Kunlun-Qaidam-Qinling terrane.

Schematic diagram for the magmatic origin and evolution of metaluminous–sli... Available to Purchase

Published: 27 October 2023
Figure 10. Schematic diagram for the magmatic origin and evolution of metaluminous–slightly peraluminous granitoids and strongly peraluminous granites in the Songpan-Ganze terrane of northern Tibet. AKMS—Ayimaqin-Kunlun-Matztagh suture; KQQ—Kunlun-Qaidam-Qinling terrane.
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Distribution of the Emeishan continental flood basalt province and contemporaneous mafic-ultramafic intrusions in southwestern China (modified from Zhou et al. 2002). SGT = Songpan-Ganze terrane; YB = Yangtze block.

Distribution of the Emeishan continental flood basalt province and contempo... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2014
Fig. 1 Distribution of the Emeishan continental flood basalt province and contemporaneous mafic-ultramafic intrusions in southwestern China (modified from Zhou et al. 2002 ). SGT = Songpan-Ganze terrane; YB = Yangtze block.
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Distribution of mafic-ultramafic layered intrusions hosting world-class Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits and coeval felsic plutons and continental flood basalts in the Pan-Xi district of the Emeishan large igneous province, South China. SGT = Songpan-Ganze terrane, YB = Yangtze block.

Distribution of mafic-ultramafic layered intrusions hosting world-class Fe-... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2021
Fig. 1. Distribution of mafic-ultramafic layered intrusions hosting world-class Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits and coeval felsic plutons and continental flood basalts in the Pan-Xi district of the Emeishan large igneous province, South China. SGT = Songpan-Ganze terrane, YB = Yangtze block.
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Dating diagrams of the Caolong pegmatites from the central-eastern Songpan-Ganze terrane, northern Tibet: (A–C) concordia diagrams with backscattered electron images for coltan minerals; (D–G) Tera-Wasserburg diagrams for cassiterite; (H–I) muscovite Ar-Ar dating. MSWD—mean square of weighted deviates; n—number of samples.

Dating diagrams of the Caolong pegmatites from the central-eastern Songpan-... Available to Purchase

Published: 27 October 2023
Figure 3. Dating diagrams of the Caolong pegmatites from the central-eastern Songpan-Ganze terrane, northern Tibet: (A–C) concordia diagrams with backscattered electron images for coltan minerals; (D–G) Tera-Wasserburg diagrams for cassiterite; (H–I) muscovite Ar-Ar dating. MSWD—mean square
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Geographical position and geological map of the Longmenshan thrust belt and the adjacent Songpan-Ganze terrane, Sichuan basin, are shown. WMF—Wenchuan-Maowen fault, BYF—Beichuan-Yingxiu fault, GAF—Guanxian-Anxian fault, XLB—Xuelongbao Complex, PG—Pengguan Complex. Main sutures of Paleotethys: ① Kunlun-Anyenaqen, ② Jinsha–Yushu–Batang, ③ Bangonghu-Nujiang.

Geographical position and geological map of the Longmenshan thrust belt and... Available to Purchase

Published: 14 December 2022
Figure 1. Geographical position and geological map of the Longmenshan thrust belt and the adjacent Songpan-Ganze terrane, Sichuan basin, are shown. WMF—Wenchuan-Maowen fault, BYF—Beichuan-Yingxiu fault, GAF—Guanxian-Anxian fault, XLB—Xuelongbao Complex, PG—Pengguan Complex. Main sutures
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(A) Sketch map showing the main tectonic units of China. SGT—Songpan-Ganze Terrane. (B) Simplified geological map of South China, consisting of the Yangtze block and Cathaysia block, with the Neoproterozoic intrusions on the western and northwest Yangtze block termed the Panxi-Hannan belt, and the Jiangnan orogen in the central location. (C) Geological map of the northern Yangtze block and adjacent areas (modified after Dong and Santosh, 2016).

(A) Sketch map showing the main tectonic units of China. SGT—Songpan-Ganze ... Available to Purchase

Published: 07 May 2021
Figure 1. (A) Sketch map showing the main tectonic units of China. SGT—Songpan-Ganze Terrane. (B) Simplified geological map of South China, consisting of the Yangtze block and Cathaysia block, with the Neoproterozoic intrusions on the western and northwest Yangtze block termed the Panxi-Hannan
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(A) Ba versus Sr (ppm) and (B) Rb versus Sr (ppm) diagrams for the Tongtianhe-Zhenqin-Zhaduo-Zhaya-Xiangkariwa (TZX) metaluminous-slightly peraluminous intrusive rocks and Caolong strongly peraluminous two-mica and muscovite granites of northern Tibet. The mixing line is drawn based on the fractionated major-mineral assemblage (35.62% amphibole [Amp], 6.17% biotite [Bt], and 31.42% plagioclase [Pl]) obtained from the major-element mass balance calculations. The gray pentagram is the average value of the samples (e.g., 19ZD02-3x, 20YS05-1 and 20YS05-5, and 20CD06-5), taken by us to be the starting material. The partition coefficients and details of the modeling process are given in Table S2 (see text footnote 1). (C) Nb/Ta versus Zr/Sm diagram. Shaded areas represent melt compositions of experiments (Foley et al., 2002). (D) Rb/Ba versus Rb/Sr diagram. (E) 87Sr/86Sr versus εNd(t) diagram. The Sr-Nd isotope data for depleted mantle and Songpan-Ganze (meta)sediments are from Workman and Hart (2005) and de Sigoyer et al. (2014), respectively. The field for the Late Permian mafic rocks in the Songpan-Ganze and western Yangtze blocks are after Wang et al. (2008). (F) εNd(t) versus MgO (wt%). Referenced data for metaluminous-slightly peraluminous granitoids (gray triangle) in the Songpan-Ganze terrane are from the Table S2 (see text footnote 1). CL—Caolong; CX—Caolong-Xiangkariwa; DM—depleted mantle; Kfs—K-feldspar; OIB—ocean island basalt; SG—Songpan-Ganze.

(A) Ba versus Sr (ppm) and (B) Rb versus Sr (ppm) diagrams for the Tongtian... Available to Purchase

Published: 27 October 2023
) versus MgO (wt%). Referenced data for metaluminous-slightly peraluminous granitoids (gray triangle) in the Songpan-Ganze terrane are from the Table S2 (see text footnote 1 ). CL—Caolong; CX—Caolong-Xiangkariwa; DM—depleted mantle; Kfs—K-feldspar; OIB—ocean island basalt; SG—Songpan-Ganze.
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Map of events and stations. Thick black lines are geologic boundaries. Black solid dots represent 3272 events; cyan triangles represent 247 stations. Blue triangles and red stars represent stations and events used in seismic records shown in Figure 2, respectively. The two blue triangles denote stations of XC.SANG in the south and XC.WNDO in the north. QB: Qaidam Basin; QL: Qilian terrane; QT: Qiangtang terrane; LT: Lhasa terrane; SGT: Songpan-Ganze terrane; SCB: Sichuan Basin; OB: Ordos block; WNCC: Western North China craton; BNS: Bangong-NuJiang suture; YZS: Yarlong–Zangbo suture; JS: JinShaJiang suture; SanJiang: NuJiang, LanCangJiang, and JinShaJiang areas; ALS; AiLaoShan area.

Map of events and stations. Thick black lines are geologic boundaries. Blac... Open Access

Published: 25 April 2022
triangles denote stations of XC.SANG in the south and XC.WNDO in the north. QB: Qaidam Basin; QL: Qilian terrane; QT: Qiangtang terrane; LT: Lhasa terrane; SGT: Songpan-Ganze terrane; SCB: Sichuan Basin; OB: Ordos block; WNCC: Western North China craton; BNS: Bangong-NuJiang suture; YZS: Yarlong–Zangbo
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Simplified tectonic framework of the Longmen Shan thrust fault [65]. Red and blue lines denote surface ruptures and coseismic vertical offsets associated with the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake [8, 39]. The black lines show faults. The focal mechanisms of the mainshock were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), China Digital Seismograph Network (CDSN), and Global Centroid Moment Tensor (CMT). (Inset) The major tectonic framework of the Tibetan Plateau. The black arrows indicate the motion directions of the Indian plate and Tibetan Plateau [66]. ARF, Ailao Shan–Red River fault; ATF, Altyn Tagh fault; JGF, Jiangyou–Guanxian fault; LT, Lhasa terrane; MWF, Maoxian–Wenchuan fault; QT, Qiangtang terrane; ST, Songpan–Ganze terrane; XF, Xiaoyudong fault; XXF, Xianshuihe–Xijiao fault; YBF, Yingxiu–Beichuan fault.

Simplified tectonic framework of the Longmen Shan thrust fault [ 65 ]. Red ... Open Access

Published: 21 January 2025
–Red River fault; ATF, Altyn Tagh fault; JGF, Jiangyou–Guanxian fault; LT, Lhasa terrane; MWF, Maoxian–Wenchuan fault; QT, Qiangtang terrane; ST, Songpan–Ganze terrane; XF, Xiaoyudong fault; XXF, Xianshuihe–Xijiao fault; YBF, Yingxiu–Beichuan fault.
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(A) Na2O + K2O versus SiO2 (wt%) diagram, (B) K2O versus SiO2 (wt%) correlation diagram, (C) A/NK (molar ratio of Al2O3/[Na2O + K2O]) vs. A/CNK (molar ratio of Al2O3/[CaO + Na2O + K2O]) diagram for the Tongtianhe-Zhenqin-Zhaduo-Zhaya-Xiangkariwa (TZX) diorites and granodiorites and Caolong two-mica and muscovite granites of northern Tibet. Referenced data for metaluminous-slightly peraluminous granitoids in the Songpan-Ganze terrane are shown in the Table S2 (see text footnote 1).

(A) Na 2 O + K 2 O versus SiO 2 (wt%) diagram, (B) K 2 O versus SiO 2 (wt... Available to Purchase

Published: 27 October 2023
and granodiorites and Caolong two-mica and muscovite granites of northern Tibet. Referenced data for metaluminous-slightly peraluminous granitoids in the Songpan-Ganze terrane are shown in the Table S2 (see text footnote 1 ).