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Solimoes River

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Journal Article
Published: 01 November 1990
Journal of Sedimentary Research (1990) 60 (6): 827–842.
...Mark J. Johnsson; Robert H. Meade Abstract Modification of sediment composition by chemical weathering depends both on the overall intensity of weathering and on its duration. At Macuapanim Island, Solimboes River (Amazon main channel), Brazil, a number of alluvial deposits have been exposed...
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(A) Study area on the Solimões River, Brazil, with bank and bar lines from 1967 Corona satellite imagery (yellow lines) superimposed on 2021 PlanetScope imagery, showing varying migration rates between left and right bank. Colored points denote measurement locations along the 100 km reach of the Solimões River of three bank classes obtained with a shear vane. Inset map shows river network (HydroSHEDS database; Lehner and Grill, 2013) and study site location in the Amazon River basin (red rectangle). (B) Photograph of Holocene deposits on left bank, marked with red X. (C) Photograph of Pleistocene mud- and sandstones on right bank, marked with a red X. (D) Multibeam echo sounder and side-scan (<3 m; marked by X) data showing Pleistocene cohesive and cemented sediments (PCCSs; purple) outcrop along right bank and extending across channel, with margins of large sand dunes (green colors) in channel center. Depth is water depth based on the (low) stage during the field campaign. rkm—river kilometers.
Published: 09 April 2024
Figure 1. (A) Study area on the Solimões River, Brazil, with bank and bar lines from 1967 Corona satellite imagery (yellow lines) superimposed on 2021 PlanetScope imagery, showing varying migration rates between left and right bank. Colored points denote measurement locations along the 100 km
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Bank strength measurements along 100 km reach of Solimões River (see Fig. 1A for location). Violin plots represent mean, and 25th and 75th percentiles, measured by shear vane (SV). Colors indicate lithological characteristics of samples; black squares show results from cohesive strength meter (CSM) multiplied by a factor of 10,000 to aid visibility. t-tests reveal significant differences between mean bank strengths on the left and right banks for SV measurements (p-value <0.05) but not for CSM (p-value >0.05) (see Supplemental Material [footnote 1]).
Published: 09 April 2024
Figure 2. Bank strength measurements along 100 km reach of Solimões River (see Fig. 1A for location). Violin plots represent mean, and 25th and 75th percentiles, measured by shear vane (SV). Colors indicate lithological characteristics of samples; black squares show results from cohesive
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(A) Digital elevation model (FABDEM) of the Solimões River with locations of a freely meandering reach (I) (river km 1040–1120), a partially constrained reach (II) (river km 670–750), and a partially constrained reach at the confluence with a secondary channel (III) (river km 590–630). Fieldwork site is indicated (dashed rectangle). (B) Overlays of channel and bar area averaged between 1984–1988 (white hatched areas) and 2019–2023 (blue and orange areas) derived from Landsat imagery. Yellow lines indicate segments of ~20 km (reaches I and II) and 10 km (reach III) width; gray circles denote locations of measured resistant layers. S19−23—mean sinuosity for years 2019–2023. (C) Bank erosion (negative values) along each bank and net deposition (positive values) averaged over each segment compared to locations of resistant layers (shear vane measurements >100 kPa) observed in the field marked as gray shades. Sec.—secondary.
Published: 09 April 2024
Figure 3. (A) Digital elevation model (FABDEM) of the Solimões River with locations of a freely meandering reach (I) (river km 1040–1120), a partially constrained reach (II) (river km 670–750), and a partially constrained reach at the confluence with a secondary channel (III) (river km 590–630
Journal Article
Journal: Geology
Published: 09 April 2024
Geology (2024) 52 (7): 533–538.
...Figure 1. (A) Study area on the Solimões River, Brazil, with bank and bar lines from 1967 Corona satellite imagery (yellow lines) superimposed on 2021 PlanetScope imagery, showing varying migration rates between left and right bank. Colored points denote measurement locations along the 100 km...
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First thumbnail for: Bank strength variability and its impact on the sy...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 January 2002
Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (2002) 173 (1): 67–75.
... including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and potentiometric measurements. Particulate and colloidal matter are organo-mineral and organic, respectively. Signatures of the particulate fractions distinguish Rio Amazonas/Rio Solimoes rivers...
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Examples of channel patterns and barforms in their alluvial plains. (A) Single channels (meandering): Tavda River (Russia). (B,C) High-sinuosity wandering channels: Irtysh River (Kazakhstan) (B) and Porcupine River (Alaska, USA) (C). (D,E) Low-sinuosity wandering channels: Solimões River (Brazil) (D) and Paraná River (Argentina) (E). (F) Multichannels (braided): Brahmaputra River (Bangladesh). Images are from Google Earth™.
Published: 30 July 2021
Figure 1. Examples of channel patterns and barforms in their alluvial plains. (A) Single channels (meandering): Tavda River (Russia). (B,C) High-sinuosity wandering channels: Irtysh River (Kazakhstan) (B) and Porcupine River (Alaska, USA) (C). (D,E) Low-sinuosity wandering channels: Solimões
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Examples of large river morphology. A: Madeira, Brazil. B: Solimões-Amazon, Brazil. C: Iça, Columbia and Peru. D: Orinoco, Venezuela. E: Middle Paraná, Argentina. F: Japurá, Brazil. G: Negro, Brazil. H: Jamuna, Bangladesh. Flow direction is indicated by arrows. Downstream image extent is 50 km. Average values of the ratio of particle fall velocity to shear velocity (VS/V*) for each river are derived using data shown in Table DR1 (see footnote 1). Landsat imagery courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey.
Published: 01 April 2013
Figure 1. Examples of large river morphology. A: Madeira, Brazil. B: Solimões-Amazon, Brazil. C: Iça, Columbia and Peru. D: Orinoco, Venezuela. E: Middle Paraná, Argentina. F: Japurá, Brazil. G: Negro, Brazil. H: Jamuna, Bangladesh. Flow direction is indicated by arrows. Downstream image extent
Journal Article
Published: 01 May 2013
Journal of Paleontology (2013) 87 (3): 484–492.
... are proposed. The samples from the Solimões Formation contain the following taxa: Mediaverrunites elsikii , Mediaverrunites mulleri , Monoporisporites sp., Fusiformisporites crabbii , and Multicellites cingulatus . The presence of these suggests river channel margins colonized by freshwater vegetation, where...
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First thumbnail for: Fossil Fungi from Miocene Sedimentary Rocks of the...
Second thumbnail for: Fossil Fungi from Miocene Sedimentary Rocks of the...
Journal Article
Journal: Geology
Published: 05 January 2022
Geology (2022) 50 (4): 465–469.
... event in Western Amazonia during the Neogene. These onshore records are compared with three offshore cores from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The similarity between microfossil assemblages of the Solimões Basin and the Caribbean Sea, and evidence of increased runoff from the Orinoco river drainage...
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First thumbnail for: Multi-proxy evidence of Caribbean-sourced marine i...
Second thumbnail for: Multi-proxy evidence of Caribbean-sourced marine i...
Third thumbnail for: Multi-proxy evidence of Caribbean-sourced marine i...
Journal Article
Journal: Palynology
Published: 02 January 2021
Palynology (2021) 45 (1): 3–14.
... extinctions over evolutionary time, and thus measure rates of diversification (origination versus extinction). Amazonia palynology Miocene Holocene Solimões Formation floristic diversity The modern landscape of Amazonia, including the Amazon River, was established by the late Miocene...
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First thumbnail for: Compositional and diversity comparisons between th...
Second thumbnail for: Compositional and diversity comparisons between th...
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Journal Article
Journal: Palynology
Published: 03 April 2019
Palynology (2019) 43 (2): 223–243.
... the Solimões and Içá Formations in Coari ( Figure 3 ; Nogueira et al. 2013 ; Silveira and Souza 2015 ). Figure 3. Correlation of sections discussed in the text. From left to right: (a) Solimões Formation cores in the upper Solimões River (Hoorn et al. 1993 ; Silva Caminha et al. 2010 ; Kachniasz...
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Silicon isotope composition of dissolved silicon (DSi) from rivers of the Amazon Basin. Note the two different trends towards lower Si concentration possibly denoting two different weathering styles: with clay formation, which leads to heavy dissolved silicon in the Solimoes and Madeira River Basins (trend A), or with clay dissolution, which leads towards light dissolved silicon isotope compositions in the Negro River Basin (trend B). After Hughes et al. (2013).
Published: 01 January 2017
Figure 14 Silicon isotope composition of dissolved silicon (DSi) from rivers of the Amazon Basin. Note the two different trends towards lower Si concentration possibly denoting two different weathering styles: with clay formation, which leads to heavy dissolved silicon in the Solimoes and Madeira
Journal Article
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 May 2011
GSA Bulletin (2011) 123 (5-6): 934–950.
... The trunk stream of the Amazon River in Brazil is formed by three main tributaries, which are the Solimões, draining the central Andes, the Negro River draining the Guyana Shield, and the Madeira River, a mixed load river draining the Bolivian and Peruvian Andes and the Brazilian Shield (see Fig. 1...
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First thumbnail for: Sediment production and delivery in the Amazon <sp...
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Third thumbnail for: Sediment production and delivery in the Amazon <sp...
Journal Article
Journal: Palynology
Published: 02 January 2021
Palynology (2021) 45 (1): 115–141.
... also re-studied the palynology of the Patos outcrop in the upper Acre River (10°55’S, 69°5’20”W) ( Figure 2 ) that had been studied by Latrubesse et al. ( 2007 , 2010 ). Patos is a ∼30 m high outcrop of the Solimões Formation in a river bank cut; the lower part bears a rich vertebrate fauna (Cozzuol...
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First thumbnail for: New Neogene index pollen and spore taxa from the <...
Second thumbnail for: New Neogene index pollen and spore taxa from the <...
Third thumbnail for: New Neogene index pollen and spore taxa from the <...
Journal Article
Journal: Palynology
Published: 03 July 2017
Palynology (2017) 41 (3): 412–422.
... of the Amazon and therefore its biogeography and possibly biodiversity. Herein we present palynological and lithostratigraphical results from the Solimões Formation in the well 1AS-33-AM. It was drilled in the Solimões Basin, Amazonas State, Brazil, reaching 405 m in depth. We identified 152 palynomorphs, in 32...
Journal Article
Journal: PALAIOS
Published: 01 December 2002
PALAIOS (2002) 17 (6): 591–601.
... has been hampered by limited outcrop exposure. Also, ichnological data largely have been ignored. This study focuses on ichnological and sedimentological relationships observed in outcropping strata of the Solimoes Formation (Middle Miocene) along the Acre River in western Brazil and northern Bolivia...
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First thumbnail for: The Significance of Bioturbated Inclined Heterolit...
Second thumbnail for: The Significance of Bioturbated Inclined Heterolit...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 May 1999
Journal of Sedimentary Research (1999) 69 (3): 563–575.
... tributaries draining the basic and metamorphic rocks from the southeastern Guiana Shield, and strongest influence of the upstream Amazon and Solimoes areas. These source signals are damped by transitional storage and intense lateral sediment exchange between channel and floodplain. The Brazilian Shield...
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A: Physiography and simplified detrital zircon (DZ) source terrane map of Amazon catchment and submarine fan system, with major fluvial elements of Amazon River system, existing onshore DZ sample locations (Campbell and Allen, 2008; Mapes, 2009; Pepper et al., 2016), and locations of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) sediment cores used in this study. Geology adapted is from Chew et al. (2011, and references therein), and fan extents are from Damuth et al. (1995). B: Pie diagrams with percentages for U-Pb DZ ages from samples in Solimões–upper Amazon River, lower Amazon River, and Amazon Fan.
Published: 16 April 2019
of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) sediment cores used in this study. Geology adapted is from Chew et al. (2011 , and references therein), and fan extents are from Damuth et al. (1995) . B: Pie diagrams with percentages for U-Pb DZ ages from samples in Solimões–upper Amazon River, lower Amazon River
Journal Article
Published: 01 April 1994
Jour. Geol. Soc. India (1994) 43 (4): 425–433.
... and Fk suggest that unstable minerals like feldspars do not suffer any loss during stream transport probably due to short river distance. Johnson and Meade (1990) examined the sediments of Solimoes River in Brazil and documented that longer the duration of sediment storage in alluvial environment, better...