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![Indus and Yarlung-Tsangpo-Siang River profiles. Zones of rapid uplift and exhumation in Nanga Parbat–Haramosh (NPHM) and Namche Barwa (NBM) massifs are shown as gray boxes with bounding faults in black. The edge of the morphologic Tibetan Plateau is indicated with a vertical arrow. Thickness of Quaternary alluvial sediments (yellow) upstream of Namche Barwa is from Wang et al. (2014); inferred pre-Quaternary profile is indicated with dashed line. Inset (modified from Koons et al., 2013) shows modeled river profile (solid line) and rock uplift (dashed) after 0.5 m.y. for river incising a 3-km-high plateau bounded by a zone of anticlinal uplift (gray), for maximum uplift rates of 0 (black), 5 (blue), and 11 (red) mm/yr. Arrows indicate morphologic edge of the plateau.]()
![Field photographs of Tuting mafic metavolcanics from Siang river section, Tuting area: (a) Colour banded flow-layers in Tuting metavolcanics; (b) Intrusive pod of plagiogranite within the volcanics; (c) Calcite-quartz vein in Tuting volcanics showing dextral shear; (d) Xenoliths of mafic rocks in Trans-Himalayan hornblende granite.]()
![(a) Geological map of the Siang river valley (simplified from Misra and Srivastava, 2009). Note the location of the study area. (b) Geological cross section along A-B suggesting the tectonic position of study area.]()
![Thermochronologic lag time systematically decreases to within the range of cooling ages from the Siang River by ca. 5 Ma. Lag time was calculated from youngest fission-track age components (white squares) and minimum 40Ar/39Ar single-grain ages (white circles) from Siang River samples. Siang River fission-track age components are from Enkelmann et al. (2011).]()
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![Relative probability plots of U-Pb ages (Ma) of detrital zircon from modern sand of the Yalu-Siang-Brahmaputra River for samples from (A) Saga, (B) Quxu, (C) Gonggar, (D) Gyaca, (E) Siang River, and (F) Brahmaputra River downstream. Insets display detailed U-Pb age spectra in the range of 0–300 Ma. Age spectra shown in A, B, and D are from this study, while those shown in C, E, and F are quoted directly from Cina et al. (2009).]()
![(a) Photograph showing the four levels of terraces at Tuting. (b) Cross section across Siang river at Tuting showing the geomorphic configuration of the terraces. Note the Quartz luminescence ages of the terraces.]()
![Lu-Hf isotopic values of detrital zircon versus detrital-zircon ages for the range of 0–300 Ma (ZA-ZH plots). (A) Samples from short rivers traversing the southern Lhasa terrane collected at Men Qu, Zedong, Langxian tributaries, and Layue Qu. (B) Samples from long rivers traversing the northern and southern igneous zones of the Lhasa terrane collected at Lhasa, Nyingoh, Parlung, and Lohit Rivers. (C) Samples from the main stream of the Yalu River at Saga, Quxu, Gonggar, and Gyaca and one sample from the Siang River. Regions outlined in A, B, and C mark zircon populations unique to particular samples. (D) Superposition of distinctive domains of the short-river samples over the ZA-ZH plots of the Yalu River samples. See text for details. (E) Superposition of distinctive domains of the long-river samples over the ZA-ZH plots of the Yalu River samples. (F) Superposition of distinctive domains of Yalu River samples over the ZA-ZH plots of Neogene sandstone samples from the eastern Himalayan foreland basin. The data sources for these samples are the same as those in Figures 3 and 4.]()
![Detrital white mica 40Ar/39Ar cooling ages from modern river sediment samples (see Fig. 1 for sample locations). Cooling ages from Himalayan tributaries contain narrowly defined age populations characteristic of cooling histories for units within each drainage area. Cooling ages from three Siang River samples span a wider range that includes very young cooling ages younger than 9 Ma. The total number of single-grain analyses (nall) is listed for each sample, although a few cooling ages older than 55 Ma were considered precursory to the Himalayan orogeny and were not included in data plots. Plots include area normalized, summed probability density functions (PDF, thin black lines), and kernel density estimates (KDE, thick gray lines). Kernel density estimation was determined using the DensityPlotter application of Vermeesch (2012).]()
![Detrital white mica 40Ar/39Ar cooling ages from Upper and Middle Siwalik samples compared to modern samples from the Siang River and characteristic age ranges from Himalayan tributaries. We interpret the predominance of Himalayan ages in the Upper Siwalik sample to reflect Siwalik recycling and increased contribution from local Himalayan sources. Detrital samples contain young cooling ages relative to depositional age (young lag times) that disappear in lower samples 25c and 5b. The lowest sample, 5b, contains much older ages similar to those observed in tributaries draining Himalayan crystalline and suture zone units, possibly supporting the interpretation from fission-track ages that this sample reflects contribution from the suture zone and Transhimalayan intrusive units prior to massif exhumation. The total number of single-grain analyses (nall) is listed for each sample. Plots include area normalized, summed probability density functions (PDF, thin black lines), and kernel density estimates (KDE, thick gray lines).]()
![Stratigraphic section of Upper and Middle Siwalik units exposed in the Tipi thrust footwall. Observations of the Middle Siwalik are consistent with a vertically stacked fluvial architecture similar to the modern Brahmaputra River. Sandstone (vf—very fine, f—fine, m—medium, c—coarse, vc—very coarse), siltstone (z—silt, cl—clay), and conglomerate (p—pebble, c—cobble, b—boulder) beds coarsen upward with an increase in charachteristic bed-form scale (m—meter, dm—decimeter, cm—centimeter, mm—millimeter). Isolated conglomerate lenses also coarsen upward and are first dominated by angular, locally derived mudstone clasts, followed by the appearance of quartzite, gneiss, and basaltic clasts that may indicate detritus from source rocks exposed along the Siang River. The base of the Upper Siwalik is defined where the density of siltstone beds increases. Thick siltstone beds also exhibit evidence of dewatering after rapid deposition. Very thick, highly oxidized conglomerate in the upper ∼500 m of the section is interpreted as growth strata based on decreasing bed dip with proximity to the Tipi thrust. The stratigraphic positions of samples from this study and additional samples from Lang and Huntington (2014) are indicated.]()
![(A) Map of the study area showing the Indus-Yarlung suture zone (IYSZ; dashed line) and rivers surrounding the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. The Yarlung River turns southward around the Namche Barwa massif (NB, 7782 m peak elevation), to join the Brahmaputra River in the Himalayan foreland basin (yellow area). (B) The Tsangpo Gorge (red line) bisects the Namche Barwa massif (purple area from Zeitler et al., 2014), a source of anomalously young cooling ages (pink area encompasses zircon fission-track ages younger than 3 Ma and biotite 40Ar/39Ar ages younger than 10 Ma (see text for data references). Black squares indicate sample locations for modern detrital white mica from the Siang River (A, B, C) and Himalayan tributaries (X, Y, Z). Red boxes outline sections studied by us (see Figs. 2 and 3) and by Chirouze et al. (2012a). Basin depth contours are from Verma and Mukhopadhyay (1977). Structure abbreviations: MCT—Main Central thrust; MFT—Main Frontal thrust; MBT—Main Boundary thrust; STD—South Tibetan detachment; TPT—Tipi thrust; NT—Naga thrust; MT—Mishmi thrust. Contacts are compiled from Armijo et al. (1989); Agarwal et al. (1991); Baruah et al. (1992); Pan et al. (2004); Acharyya (2007); Misra (2009); Yin et al. (2010); and Zeitler et al. (2014).]()
![(A) The digital topographic map of the southern Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayan orogen based on the Global Multi-Resolution Topography (GMRT) Synthesis by Ryan et al. (2009) (http://www.geomapapp.org). The main streams of the Yalu River, Siang River, and Brahmaputra River are marked by blue lines; their tributaries are marked by purple lines. Major drainage divides are outlined by dotted lines. (B) Regional tectonic map with simplified geology of the Lhasa terrane and the Himalayan orogen. Also shown are major rivers and sampling sites (also see Table 1). Numbers 1 to 12 mark locations of modern sand samples from tributaries of the Yalu River, whereas letters a to f represent sample locations of modern sand samples from the main trunk of the Yalu River. Samples from sites 8, 11, 12, c, e, and f were collected and analyzed by Cina et al. (2009), while the rest of the samples were collected in this study. Sites H-1 and H-2 represent sample sites of Neogene sandstone from Himalayan foreland basin by Cina et al. (2009). H-1 represents the Bhalukpong site of Cina et al. (2009), and H-2 represents the Itanagar site of Cina et al. (2009). (C) Division of provenance domains in the Yalu River drainage basin: S1 represents the western segment of the southern zone of the Lhasa belt; S2 represents the eastern segment of the southern zone of the Lhasa terrane; S3 represents the north-trending Bomi-Chayu igneous belt east of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis; S4 represents the northern zone of the Lhasa terrane; and S5 represents the Himalayan orogen.]()
![(A) The digital topographic map of the southern Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayan orogen based on the Global Multi-Resolution Topography (GMRT) Synthesis by Ryan et al. (2009) (http://www.geomapapp.org). The main streams of the Yalu River, Siang River, and Brahmaputra River are marked by blue lines; their tributaries are marked by purple lines. Major drainage divides are outlined by dotted lines. (B) Regional tectonic map with simplified geology of the Lhasa terrane and the Himalayan orogen. Also shown are major rivers and sampling sites (also see Table 1). Numbers 1 to 12 mark locations of modern sand samples from tributaries of the Yalu River, whereas letters a to f represent sample locations of modern sand samples from the main trunk of the Yalu River. Samples from sites 8, 11, 12, c, e, and f were collected and analyzed by Cina et al. (2009), while the rest of the samples were collected in this study. Sites H-1 and H-2 represent sample sites of Neogene sandstone from Himalayan foreland basin by Cina et al. (2009). H-1 represents the Bhalukpong site of Cina et al. (2009), and H-2 represents the Itanagar site of Cina et al. (2009). (C) Division of provenance domains in the Yalu River drainage basin: S1 represents the western segment of the southern zone of the Lhasa belt; S2 represents the eastern segment of the southern zone of the Lhasa terrane; S3 represents the north-trending Bomi-Chayu igneous belt east of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis; S4 represents the northern zone of the Lhasa terrane; and S5 represents the Himalayan orogen.]()
![(A) The digital topographic map of the southern Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayan orogen based on the Global Multi-Resolution Topography (GMRT) Synthesis by Ryan et al. (2009) (http://www.geomapapp.org). The main streams of the Yalu River, Siang River, and Brahmaputra River are marked by blue lines; their tributaries are marked by purple lines. Major drainage divides are outlined by dotted lines. (B) Regional tectonic map with simplified geology of the Lhasa terrane and the Himalayan orogen. Also shown are major rivers and sampling sites (also see Table 1). Numbers 1 to 12 mark locations of modern sand samples from tributaries of the Yalu River, whereas letters a to f represent sample locations of modern sand samples from the main trunk of the Yalu River. Samples from sites 8, 11, 12, c, e, and f were collected and analyzed by Cina et al. (2009), while the rest of the samples were collected in this study. Sites H-1 and H-2 represent sample sites of Neogene sandstone from Himalayan foreland basin by Cina et al. (2009). H-1 represents the Bhalukpong site of Cina et al. (2009), and H-2 represents the Itanagar site of Cina et al. (2009). (C) Division of provenance domains in the Yalu River drainage basin: S1 represents the western segment of the southern zone of the Lhasa belt; S2 represents the eastern segment of the southern zone of the Lhasa terrane; S3 represents the north-trending Bomi-Chayu igneous belt east of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis; S4 represents the northern zone of the Lhasa terrane; and S5 represents the Himalayan orogen.]()
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![Detrital zircon fission-track cooling ages from Upper and Middle Siwalik samples compared to ages from modern Siang River samples (Enkelmann et al., 2011). U-Pb dating of the same Upper and Middle Siwalik zircons permits differentiation of cooling ages by source region. Pie charts indicate the percentages of Himalayan zircons with crystallization ages older than 300 Ma and Transhimalayan zircons younger than 300 Ma. Only Himalayan zircons are illustrated in line plots. Young cooling age components attributed to the Namche Barwa massif (Enkelmann et al., 2011) persist in young lag times of Upper and Middle Siwalik samples until 25c and 5b. Sample 5b is dominated by zircons with a Transhimalayan U-Pb age provenance, which may reflect erosion of the suture zone and Transhimalaya intrusive units prior to exhumation of the Namche Barwa massif. Fission-track age components (white boxes) were determined with the DensityPlotter application of Vermeesch (2012). The total number of analyses (nall) and number of zircons with U-Pb ages older than 300 Ma (n300) are reported. Plots include area normalized, summed probability density functions (PDF, thin black lines) , and kernel density estimates (KDE, thick gray lines).]()
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1-20 OF 103 RESULTS FOR
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Journal Article
Optically Stimulated Luminescence Chronology of Terrace Sediments of Siang River, Higher NE Himalaya: Comparison of Quartz and Feldspar Chronometers Available to Purchase
Publisher: Geological Society of India
Published: 01 March 2012
Jour. Geol. Soc. India (2012) 79 (3): 252–258.
...Pradeep Srivastava; D. K. Misra Abstract Four levels of terraces located along Siang River, north of Main Central Thrust at Tuting, NE Himalaya are dated using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL). The dating technique is applied using (1) Blue LED stimulation on Quartz (2) Infrared Stimulated...
FIGURES
Image
Indus and Yarlung-Tsangpo-Siang River profiles. Zones of rapid uplift and e... Open Access
in Early onset and late acceleration of rapid exhumation in the Namche Barwa syntaxis, eastern Himalaya
> Geology
Published: 21 July 2020
Figure 4. Indus and Yarlung-Tsangpo-Siang River profiles. Zones of rapid uplift and exhumation in Nanga Parbat–Haramosh (NPHM) and Namche Barwa (NBM) massifs are shown as gray boxes with bounding faults in black. The edge of the morphologic Tibetan Plateau is indicated with a vertical arrow
Image
Field photographs of Tuting mafic metavolcanics from Siang river section, T... Available to Purchase
in Geochemistry and Tectonic Setting of Tuting Metavolcanic Rocks of Possible Ophiolitic Affinity from Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis
> Journal of the Geological Society of India
Published: 01 August 2012
Fig. 3. Field photographs of Tuting mafic metavolcanics from Siang river section, Tuting area: (a) Colour banded flow-layers in Tuting metavolcanics; (b) Intrusive pod of plagiogranite within the volcanics; (c) Calcite-quartz vein in Tuting volcanics showing dextral shear; (d) Xenoliths
Image
(a) Geological map of the Siang river valley (simplified from Misra and S... Available to Purchase
in Optically Stimulated Luminescence Chronology of Terrace Sediments of Siang River, Higher NE Himalaya: Comparison of Quartz and Feldspar Chronometers
> Journal of the Geological Society of India
Published: 01 March 2012
Fig.1. (a) Geological map of the Siang river valley (simplified from Misra and Srivastava, 2009 ). Note the location of the study area. (b) Geological cross section along A-B suggesting the tectonic position of study area.
Image
Thermochronologic lag time systematically decreases to within the range of ... Available to Purchase
Published: 01 September 2016
Figure 10. Thermochronologic lag time systematically decreases to within the range of cooling ages from the Siang River by ca. 5 Ma. Lag time was calculated from youngest fission-track age components (white squares) and minimum 40 Ar/ 39 Ar single-grain ages (white circles) from Siang River
Journal Article
Geochemistry and Tectonic Setting of Tuting Metavolcanic Rocks of Possible Ophiolitic Affinity from Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis Available to Purchase
Publisher: Geological Society of India
Published: 01 August 2012
Jour. Geol. Soc. India (2012) 80 (2): 167–176.
...Fig. 3. Field photographs of Tuting mafic metavolcanics from Siang river section, Tuting area: (a) Colour banded flow-layers in Tuting metavolcanics; (b) Intrusive pod of plagiogranite within the volcanics; (c) Calcite-quartz vein in Tuting volcanics showing dextral shear; (d) Xenoliths...
FIGURES
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Image
Relative probability plots of U-Pb ages (Ma) of detrital zircon from modern... Available to Purchase
in Coupled U-Pb dating and Hf isotopic analysis of detrital zircon of modern river sand from the Yalu River (Yarlung Tsangpo) drainage system in southern Tibet: Constraints on the transport processes and evolution of Himalayan rivers
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 September 2012
Figure 4. Relative probability plots of U-Pb ages (Ma) of detrital zircon from modern sand of the Yalu-Siang-Brahmaputra River for samples from (A) Saga, (B) Quxu, (C) Gonggar, (D) Gyaca, (E) Siang River, and (F) Brahmaputra River downstream. Insets display detailed U-Pb age spectra in the range
Image
(a) Photograph showing the four levels of terraces at Tuting. (b) Cross ... Available to Purchase
in Optically Stimulated Luminescence Chronology of Terrace Sediments of Siang River, Higher NE Himalaya: Comparison of Quartz and Feldspar Chronometers
> Journal of the Geological Society of India
Published: 01 March 2012
Fig.2. (a) Photograph showing the four levels of terraces at Tuting. (b) Cross section across Siang river at Tuting showing the geomorphic configuration of the terraces. Note the Quartz luminescence ages of the terraces.
Image
Lu-Hf isotopic values of detrital zircon versus detrital-zircon ages for th... Available to Purchase
in Coupled U-Pb dating and Hf isotopic analysis of detrital zircon of modern river sand from the Yalu River (Yarlung Tsangpo) drainage system in southern Tibet: Constraints on the transport processes and evolution of Himalayan rivers
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 September 2012
the northern and southern igneous zones of the Lhasa terrane collected at Lhasa, Nyingoh, Parlung, and Lohit Rivers. (C) Samples from the main stream of the Yalu River at Saga, Quxu, Gonggar, and Gyaca and one sample from the Siang River. Regions outlined in A, B, and C mark zircon populations unique
Image
Detrital white mica 40 Ar/ 39 Ar cooling ages from modern river sediment s... Available to Purchase
Published: 01 September 2016
from three Siang River samples span a wider range that includes very young cooling ages younger than 9 Ma. The total number of single-grain analyses ( n all ) is listed for each sample, although a few cooling ages older than 55 Ma were considered precursory to the Himalayan orogeny and were
Image
Detrital white mica 40 Ar/ 39 Ar cooling ages from Upper and Middle Siwali... Available to Purchase
Published: 01 September 2016
Figure 9. Detrital white mica 40 Ar/ 39 Ar cooling ages from Upper and Middle Siwalik samples compared to modern samples from the Siang River and characteristic age ranges from Himalayan tributaries. We interpret the predominance of Himalayan ages in the Upper Siwalik sample to reflect Siwalik
Image
Stratigraphic section of Upper and Middle Siwalik units exposed in the Tipi... Available to Purchase
Published: 01 September 2016
, locally derived mudstone clasts, followed by the appearance of quartzite, gneiss, and basaltic clasts that may indicate detritus from source rocks exposed along the Siang River. The base of the Upper Siwalik is defined where the density of siltstone beds increases. Thick siltstone beds also exhibit
Image
(A) Map of the study area showing the Indus-Yarlung suture zone (IYSZ; dash... Available to Purchase
Published: 01 September 2016
for data references). Black squares indicate sample locations for modern detrital white mica from the Siang River (A, B, C) and Himalayan tributaries (X, Y, Z). Red boxes outline sections studied by us (see Figs. 2 and 3 ) and by Chirouze et al. (2012a) . Basin depth contours are from Verma
Image
(A) The digital topographic map of the southern Tibetan Plateau and the Him... Available to Purchase
in Coupled U-Pb dating and Hf isotopic analysis of detrital zircon of modern river sand from the Yalu River (Yarlung Tsangpo) drainage system in southern Tibet: Constraints on the transport processes and evolution of Himalayan rivers
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 September 2012
Figure 1. (A) The digital topographic map of the southern Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayan orogen based on the Global Multi-Resolution Topography (GMRT) Synthesis by Ryan et al. (2009) ( http://www.geomapapp.org ). The main streams of the Yalu River, Siang River, and Brahmaputra River
Image
(A) The digital topographic map of the southern Tibetan Plateau and the Him... Available to Purchase
in Coupled U-Pb dating and Hf isotopic analysis of detrital zircon of modern river sand from the Yalu River (Yarlung Tsangpo) drainage system in southern Tibet: Constraints on the transport processes and evolution of Himalayan rivers
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 September 2012
Figure 1. (A) The digital topographic map of the southern Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayan orogen based on the Global Multi-Resolution Topography (GMRT) Synthesis by Ryan et al. (2009) ( http://www.geomapapp.org ). The main streams of the Yalu River, Siang River, and Brahmaputra River
Image
(A) The digital topographic map of the southern Tibetan Plateau and the Him... Available to Purchase
in Coupled U-Pb dating and Hf isotopic analysis of detrital zircon of modern river sand from the Yalu River (Yarlung Tsangpo) drainage system in southern Tibet: Constraints on the transport processes and evolution of Himalayan rivers
> GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 September 2012
Figure 1. (A) The digital topographic map of the southern Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayan orogen based on the Global Multi-Resolution Topography (GMRT) Synthesis by Ryan et al. (2009) ( http://www.geomapapp.org ). The main streams of the Yalu River, Siang River, and Brahmaputra River
Journal Article
Coupled U-Pb dating and Hf isotopic analysis of detrital zircon of modern river sand from the Yalu River (Yarlung Tsangpo) drainage system in southern Tibet: Constraints on the transport processes and evolution of Himalayan rivers Available to Purchase
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 September 2012
GSA Bulletin (2012) 124 (9-10): 1449–1473.
...Figure 4. Relative probability plots of U-Pb ages (Ma) of detrital zircon from modern sand of the Yalu-Siang-Brahmaputra River for samples from (A) Saga, (B) Quxu, (C) Gonggar, (D) Gyaca, (E) Siang River, and (F) Brahmaputra River downstream. Insets display detailed U-Pb age spectra in the range...
FIGURES
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Image
Detrital zircon fission-track cooling ages from Upper and Middle Siwalik sa... Available to Purchase
Published: 01 September 2016
Figure 8. Detrital zircon fission-track cooling ages from Upper and Middle Siwalik samples compared to ages from modern Siang River samples ( Enkelmann et al., 2011 ). U-Pb dating of the same Upper and Middle Siwalik zircons permits differentiation of cooling ages by source region. Pie charts
Journal Article
Rapid exhumation of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis since the late Miocene Available to Purchase
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 September 2016
GSA Bulletin (2016) 128 (9-10): 1403–1422.
...Figure 10. Thermochronologic lag time systematically decreases to within the range of cooling ages from the Siang River by ca. 5 Ma. Lag time was calculated from youngest fission-track age components (white squares) and minimum 40 Ar/ 39 Ar single-grain ages (white circles) from Siang River...
FIGURES
| View All (12)
Journal Article
Groundwater Chemistry of the River Terrace Springs along Himalayan Foothills in and around Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh, India Available to Purchase
Publisher: Geological Society of India
Published: 01 June 2023
Jour. Geol. Soc. India (2023) 99 (6): 875–880.
... 320 sq. km. It extends from Mirem in the southwest to Motung in the northeast. Pasighat town is located on the right bank of the Siang river situated on the river terraces of the Siang. Fig.1. Map showing study area, geology and location of water samples (modified after Bezbaruah et al., 2016...
FIGURES
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