... the South China Sea by a narrow barrier island that, in 2009, was cut by a single natural inlet ( Fig. 1 , inlet C) approximately 300 m wide. This break in the barrier island functioned not only as an inlet but also as the outlet for the Setiu and Chalok rivers. Inlet C, with estuary to the southeast...

... be compared. The coastal region of northern Terengganu state is at low elevation and exhibits low relief. The SEL stretches 21 km parallel to the coast, with water depths ranging 0.5–3.0 m ( Fig. 1 ). The estuary receives freshwater from the south and southwest from the Chalok and Setiu rivers...

.... Aquaculture at this site was short-lived. It commenced between 2002–2007 and was abandoned between 2008–2011, when the samples of this study were collected (Google Earth imagery). The inlet-influenced Setiu lagoon has higher salinity than the river-dominated estuary. In June 2009 and 2011, the salinity...

... at four locations representing a narrow range of salinity settings in the mangrove swamps of the Setiu wetland, Terengganu, peninsular Malaysia. Cores were taken at mud-rich sites, two in the mid-swamp and two in the high swamp, from mainland-fringing mangrove swamps characterized by generally sandy...

...., 2014 ). The SEL is separated from the South China Sea (SCS) by a sand barrier which currently is cut by one small natural inlet ( Fig. 1 ). The southern, estuarine end of the system receives freshwater discharge from the Setiu and Caluk rivers, and salinity ranges from <1 to ~2. Estuarine...

... levels (e.g., Woodroffe et al., 2005 , Horton & Edwards, 2006 ). Recently, Culver et al. (2013) observed the foraminifera assemblages in relation to past environments from Setiu wetland (Peninsular Malaysia), but their samples were collected from a mangrove zone that presumably has been impacted...

... foraminifera on the inner shelf (<40 m water depth) immediately offshore of the Terengganu River mouth, one of the three major drainages on the east coast of peninsular Malaysia. Sediment substrate type primarily controls the distribution of species; temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and pH vary...

... catchments. The connectivity of lagoons with the coastal ocean is variable both in size and through time; many of the modern large lagoons on the US Atlantic coast support one to three inlets (e.g., Barnegat Bay, Chincoteague Bay, Pamlico-Albemarle Sound complex, Indian River Lagoon, and Long Island Sound...

... to the ocean floor, such as in shallow inner shelf areas ( Hallock, 1981 ). The relatively high occurrence of A. papillosa compared to the other Amphistegina species within Group A could reflect the presence of strong fluvial influence from the Kelantan River at stations 1 and 2 ( Renema & Troelstra...

... that calcium carbonate is more readily available in subtropical to tropical marine or hypersaline environments ( Murray, 1973 ). Changes in salinity are controlled by river runoff, rain, evaporation, or mixing of water masses, in turn influencing the calcium ion concentration ( Pytkowicz, 1969 ). Therefore...

... of foraminifera in the Setiu estuary and lagoon, Terengganu, Malaysia : Journal of Foraminiferal Research , v. 42 , p. 109 – 133 . Culver S. Camp R. L. Walsh J. P. Hayward B. W. Corbett D. R. Alexander C. R. , 2012b , Distribution of foraminifera of the Poverty continental...

...-mail: [email protected] 10 May 2017 20 September 2018 © 2019, The Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research 2019 Figure 1. Southern South China Sea region: A showing the relatively tectonically stable Sunda Shelf with LGM paleo-river systems. Location of the study area...

... of salinity of sediment interstitial waters. The reconstructed and measured mean maximum temperatures (GSTmax) of grapevine-growing season (March to August) were combined with data on benthic foraminiferal assemblages from the Caminha tidal marsh (Minho River estuary) to characterize the main hydro-climatic...

... ( McCulloch, 1977 ); 5, SW Pacific Ocean ( Clark, 1994 ); 6, South China Sea ( Culver et al., 2012 ); 7, Gulf of Thailand ( Melis & Violanti, 2006 ); 8, South Alligator River, Australia ( Wang & Chappell, 2001 ); 9, Gorda Bank, USA ( McCulloch, 1977 ); 10, Mallorca Shelf and Alboran Ridge ( Milker...

... and water ( Blacksmith Institute, 2006 ). The main sources of pollution in this region are: 1) water from the Billings Reservoir that receives used water from some parts of São Paulo city and region, which powers the Cubatão hydroelectric system and flows into the Cubatão River; 2) factories and ships...

... with a large but shallow back-barrier estuary (Bogue Sound) and the White Oak River. The tidal prism is ebb-dominated, creating an ebb-tidal delta, skewed to the east, that extends approximately 1.25 km into the ocean with a volume of ∼ 13 million m 3 ( Cleary and Marden 1999 ). The large shoals within...

... of Aquaculture on Modern Foraminifera and Sediments in the Setiu Estuary and Lagoon, Terengganu, Malaysia: a Spatial Investigation : Journal of Foraminiferal Research , v. 44 , p. 390 – 415 . Erez J. , 2003 , The source of ions for biomineralization in foraminifera and their implications...