Abstract Dolomitization of sediments may be controlled, in part, by their pre-dolomitization diagenetic history. The Seroe Domi Formation (Pliocene) dolomites on Bonaire underwent a period of minor fresh water diagenesis prior to dolomitization. During this initial stage of diagenesis, a small amount of low Mg-calcite cement formed. Unaltered high Mg-calcite and aragonite skeletal fragments were replaced during dolomitization and low Mg-calcite was, at first, inert and later occasionally dissolved. The indusion of calcite cement crystals and crystal molds in dolomite rhombs, the presence of calcite zones in dolomite rhombs, and the preservation of limestone fragments in dolomitized breccias demonstrate that low Mg-calcite was not replaced during the initial dolomitization. Cloudy centers and clear rims formed when the dolomitizing fluid changed from near saturation with respect to calcite (cloudy centers due to inclusions and molds) to undersaturation with respect to calcite (inclusion and mold-free rims). The concentration of Na + in these dolomites is approximately 280 ppm and the δ 18 O values range from +2.0 to +4.1% PDB. These data indicate that the dolomitizing fluid was low in Na + (relative to seawater), but isotopically heavier than most ground water and, therefore, probably an evaporation concentrated fresh water. The Seroe Domi Formation is dolomitized on Curaçao and Aruba as well as on Bonaire. The data suggest that dolomitization may be climatically controlled. In humid climates, a sediment in the fresh water-seawater phreatic mixing zone may undergo rapid calcification due to the high PCO 2 in the ground water. In arid climates, the water will have a lower PCO 2 due to limited soil development resulting in slower calcification and, therefore, increased chances for dolomitization.