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Journal Article

Rates of active faulting during late Quaternary fluvial terrace formation at Saxton River, Awatere fault, New Zealand Available to Purchase

Dougal P.M. Mason, Timothy A. Little, Russ J. Van Dissen
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 November 2006
GSA Bulletin (2006) 118 (11-12): 1431–1446.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/B25961.1
...Dougal P.M. Mason; Timothy A. Little; Russ J. Van Dissen Abstract A flight of faulted fluvial terraces at Saxton River on the Awatere fault, northeast South Island, New Zealand, preserves the incremental slip history and detailed paleoearthquake chronology of this major strike-slip fault. Here, six...
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View PDF for article title, Rates of active faulting during late Quaternary fluvial terrace formation at <span class="search-highlight">Saxton</span> <span class="search-highlight">River</span>, Awatere fault, New Zealand
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TABLE 1. MEASUREMENTS OF HORIZONTAL OFFSETS OF THE SAXTON RIVER TERRACES, F... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2006
TABLE 1. MEASUREMENTS OF HORIZONTAL OFFSETS OF THE SAXTON RIVER TERRACES, FROM THIS AND PREVIOUS STUDIES. MEASUREMENTS OF VERTICAL TERRACE OFFSETS, TREAD WIDTH DIFFERENCES, RISER HEIGHT DIFFERENCES, AND THE HEIGHTS OF THE TERRACE TREADS ABOVE THE MODERN RIVER ARE ALSO LISTED
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TABLE 2. PREVIOUS TERRACE TREAD AGE ESTIMATES AT SAXTON RIVER Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2006
TABLE 2. PREVIOUS TERRACE TREAD AGE ESTIMATES AT SAXTON RIVER
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Figure 2. (A) Aerial photo of the eastern bank of Saxton River and the terraces mapped in this study. The crests of the terrace risers and other relevant geomorphic features have been accentuated with white lines, and the location of a paleoseismic trench (Mason et al., 2004) is also shown. (B) Vertically exaggerated block diagram looking south across the Saxton River terraces, with the preferred tread ages and horizontal offsets of terrace risers labeled (see Tables 1 and 2 for the bracketing uncertainties of these measurements). IGNS—Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences.

Figure 2. (A) Aerial photo of the eastern bank of Saxton River and the terr... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2006
Figure 2. (A) Aerial photo of the eastern bank of Saxton River and the terraces mapped in this study. The crests of the terrace risers and other relevant geomorphic features have been accentuated with white lines, and the location of a paleoseismic trench ( Mason et al., 2004 ) is also shown. (B
Journal Article

Evolution and progressive geomorphic manifestation of surface faulting: A comparison of the Wairau and Awatere faults, South Island, New Zealand Available to Purchase

Robert Zinke, James F. Dolan, Russell Van Dissen, Jessica R. Grenader, Edward J. Rhodes, Christopher P. McGuire, Robert M. Langridge, Andy Nicol, Alexandra E. Hatem
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 November 2015
Geology (2015) 43 (11): 1019–1022.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G37065.1
... at the well-known Branch River and Saxton River sites along the Wairau (Alpine) and Awatere strike-slip faults, South Island, New Zealand, reveal that fault-related deformation patterns expressed in the topography at these sites are markedly less structurally complex along the higher-displacement (hundreds...
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View PDF for article title, Evolution and progressive geomorphic manifestation of surface faulting: A comparison of the Wairau and Awatere faults, South Island, New Zealand
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Journal Article

Paragonite in the schist of glebe mountain, Southern Vermont Available to Purchase

John L. Rosenfeld
Published: 01 February 1956
American Mineralogist (1956) 41 (1-2): 144–147.
...John L. Rosenfeld Abstract During the writer's investigation of the metamorphic rocks of the Saxtons River area* in southern Vermont, certain facts aroused curiosity concerning the composition of sericite in the chlorite-sericite schist on Glebe Mountain, one of the larger mountains comprising...
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TABLE 3. RESULTS OF OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE (OSL) DATING OF SILT ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2006
TABLE 3. RESULTS OF OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE (OSL) DATING OF SILT FROM SAXTON RIVER TERRACES
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Figure 10. Plot of individual horizontal slip-rate estimates for each displaced terrace feature at Saxton River.

Figure 10. Plot of individual horizontal slip-rate estimates for each displ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2006
Figure 10. Plot of individual horizontal slip-rate estimates for each displaced terrace feature at Saxton River.
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TABLE 4. SUMMARY OF TREAD AGE, RISER OFFSET, AND TREAD HEIGHT MEASUREMENTS,... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2006
TABLE 4. SUMMARY OF TREAD AGE, RISER OFFSET, AND TREAD HEIGHT MEASUREMENTS, WITH OUR ESTIMATES OF THE LATERAL AND VERTICAL SLIP RATES OF THE AWATERE FAULT AND THE FLUVIAL INCISION RATE OF SAXTON RIVER
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Lidar hillshade images of the two study sites in New Zealand. A: Branch River site on Wairau fault. B: Saxton River site on Awatere fault. Fault traces (including secondary fault strands) shown in red. Terraces are demarked by colors and labeled according to previous studies (Lensen, 1968; Mason et al., 2006). Contacts between colored surfaces represent terrace risers.

Lidar hillshade images of the two study sites in New Zealand. A: Branch Riv... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2015
Figure 2. Lidar hillshade images of the two study sites in New Zealand. A: Branch River site on Wairau fault. B: Saxton River site on Awatere fault. Fault traces (including secondary fault strands) shown in red. Terraces are demarked by colors and labeled according to previous studies ( Lensen
Journal Article

Evolution and progressive geomorphic manifestation of surface faulting: A comparison of the Wairau and Awatere faults, South Island, New Zealand: COMMENT Open Access

Brendan Duffy
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 July 2016
Geology (2016) 44 (7): e390.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G37549Y.1
..., The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia Zinke et al. (2015) documented a flight of Saxton River terraces deformed by the Awatere fault, South Island, New Zealand. They concluded that the manifestation of off-fault deformation (OFD) is a cumulative effect, and therefore may...
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Figure 13. Plot of terrace tread ages against tread heights above Saxton River. This is used to estimate incremental fluvial incision rates between each terrace tread abandonment. These data show distinct periods over the late Quaternary in which incision rates have fluctuated. The age error bars are those outlined in Figure 12A; the tread height error bars are ±10%, which is an informal estimate of the measurement error.

Figure 13. Plot of terrace tread ages against tread heights above Saxton Ri... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2006
Figure 13. Plot of terrace tread ages against tread heights above Saxton River. This is used to estimate incremental fluvial incision rates between each terrace tread abandonment. These data show distinct periods over the late Quaternary in which incision rates have fluctuated. The age error bars
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Fault-perpendicular width of geomorphically evident deformation at Saxton River (Awatere fault), New Zealand, as function of terrace offset. Terraces (T1–T6) are as shown in Fig. 2B. Width of boxes represents uncertainty in lateral terrace offset (Zinke et al., 2014a). Whereas strain per event accommodated as off-fault deformation (OFD) remains constant, secondary faults become better expressed as terraces accumulate slip. Dist.—distance.

Fault-perpendicular width of geomorphically evident deformation at Saxton R... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2015
Figure 3. Fault-perpendicular width of geomorphically evident deformation at Saxton River (Awatere fault), New Zealand, as function of terrace offset. Terraces (T1–T6) are as shown in Fig. 2B . Width of boxes represents uncertainty in lateral terrace offset ( Zinke et al., 2014a ). Whereas
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Figure 11. Plots of tread age and riser offset for each displaced terrace feature at Saxton River. (A) Data from this study, with refined ages of the two oldest terraces showing little or no variation in late Quaternary slip rate. Best-fit lines for offset and age data suggest a near-constant horizontal slip rate of 5.6 ± 0.8 mm/yr since ca. 14.5 ka. (B) Pebble weathering rind data as interpreted by Knuepfer (1992), showing an inferred decrease in lateral slip rate at ca. 4 ka.

Figure 11. Plots of tread age and riser offset for each displaced terrace f... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2006
Figure 11. Plots of tread age and riser offset for each displaced terrace feature at Saxton River. (A) Data from this study, with refined ages of the two oldest terraces showing little or no variation in late Quaternary slip rate. Best-fit lines for offset and age data suggest a near-constant
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Stream locations (white lines) and topography (shaded relief from 10 m DEM, U.S. Geological Survey [USGS] National Map). A: West Branch of White River, Vermont, USA, watershed area 112 km2, channel relief 632 to 232 m asl (above sea level). B: Saxtons River, Vermont, USA, watershed area 180 km2, channel relief 550 to 120 m asl. C: Fourmile Canyon Creek, Colorado, USA, watershed area 19 km2, channel relief 2419 to 1687 m asl. D: Mount Sanitas, Colorado, USA, watershed area 0.7 km2, channel relief 1953 to 1694 m asl. The Data Repository (see footnote 1) includes site photos and long profiles.

Stream locations (white lines) and topography (shaded relief from 10 m DEM,... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2015
Figure 1. Stream locations (white lines) and topography (shaded relief from 10 m DEM, U.S. Geological Survey [USGS] National Map). A: West Branch of White River, Vermont, USA, watershed area 112 km 2 , channel relief 632 to 232 m asl (above sea level). B: Saxtons River, Vermont, USA, watershed
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Inset: Marlborough fault system (MFS) on South Island, New Zealand, transfers relative Pacific-Australian plate motion between dextral-oblique–slip Alpine fault (Alp F) and Hikurangi subduction margin (Hik). Wairau fault has accommodated much of the ∼460 km of right-lateral shear along the Alpine fault system, as shown by Dun Mountain–Maitai ultramafic terrane (black) (Sutherland, 1999). Main figure: Simplified representation of MFS showing active, predominantly strike-slip faults in red. Black arrow shows Pacific plate motion relative to Australian plate (DeMets et al., 1994). Rakaia (dark gray) and Esk Head (medium gray) basement terranes are offset ∼13 km along Awatere fault by discrete slip, with potential additional ∼5 km of slip manifest as bending (“drag folding”) of terrane boundaries (Fig. DR2 [see footnote 1]; Rattenbury et al., 2006). Branch River (BR) and Saxton River (SR) sites are shown.

Inset: Marlborough fault system (MFS) on South Island, New Zealand, transfe... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2015
(dark gray) and Esk Head (medium gray) basement terranes are offset ∼13 km along Awatere fault by discrete slip, with potential additional ∼5 km of slip manifest as bending (“drag folding”) of terrane boundaries (Fig. DR2 [see footnote 1 ]; Rattenbury et al., 2006 ). Branch River (BR) and Saxton River
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Downstream gradients in sediment transport capacity influence lateral channel inputs and outputs. Downstream increases (shading) and decreases (no shading) in total stream power, Ω, an indicator of sediment transport capacity (gray line has no smoothing; black line has drainage-area-dependent smoothing). Cumulative volume of erosion (green line) has dashed ovals highlighting zones of abundant sediment inputs to channel. Cumulative area of near-channel deposition (blue line) has dashed ovals highlighting zones of abundant sediment outputs from the channel. A: Saxtons River, Vermont, USA. B: West Branch of White River, Vermont, USA. C: Mount Sanitas, Colorado, USA. D: Fourmile Canyon Creek, Colorado, USA. In panel D, arrows denote broad trends of increasing then decreasing Ω, coinciding with broad trends of erosion then deposition; gray crosshatch shows reaches lacking field measurements due to impractical access; aerial photos indicate occasional landslides and unobservable deposition from 0 km to 6 km.

Downstream gradients in sediment transport capacity influence lateral chann... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 November 2015
-dependent smoothing). Cumulative volume of erosion (green line) has dashed ovals highlighting zones of abundant sediment inputs to channel. Cumulative area of near-channel deposition (blue line) has dashed ovals highlighting zones of abundant sediment outputs from the channel. A: Saxtons River, Vermont, USA
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Examples of different types of sites in the NZ Paleoseismic Site Database (NZ PSDB) v.1.0. (a) The Big Creek trench on the Akatore fault (Taylor‐Silva et al., 2020) is an example of a site that has been included three times in the NZ PSDB v.1.0 because it has multiple types of paleoseismic data (slip rate, earthquake [EQ] timings, recurrence interval [RI], and single‐event displacement [SED]). Photograph taken by N. Litchfield. (b) Sites representing summed data along transects (black lines) crossing multiple fault traces. Slip rates were calculated from measurements on several traces of the Waihi fault (Gómez‐Vasconcelos et al., 2017). The sites (yellow dots) are situated on the traces with the largest offsets. (c) A site subdivided into subsites. The Saxton River site on the Awatere fault, where variable slip rates have been calculated from different risers (small dots) and incremental slip rates between pairs of risers (large dots; Zinke et al., 2017). (d) A PSDB site (yellow dot) representing a master EQ timing and RI record compiled from multiple riverbank outcrops (green squares). The Hokuri Creek sections on the Alpine fault, adapted from Berryman et al. (2012). (e) Locations of the sites shown in panels (a)–(d). The color version of this figure is available only in the electronic edition.

Examples of different types of sites in the NZ Paleoseismic Site Database (... Available to Purchase

Published: 25 September 2023
traces of the Waihi fault ( Gómez‐Vasconcelos et al. , 2017 ). The sites (yellow dots) are situated on the traces with the largest offsets. (c) A site subdivided into subsites. The Saxton River site on the Awatere fault, where variable slip rates have been calculated from different risers (small dots
Journal Article

Gradients in stream power influence lateral and downstream sediment flux in floods Available to Purchase

John D. Gartner, William B. Dade, Carl E. Renshaw, Francis J. Magilligan, Eirik M. Buraas
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 November 2015
Geology (2015) 43 (11): 983–986.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G36969.1
...Figure 1. Stream locations (white lines) and topography (shaded relief from 10 m DEM, U.S. Geological Survey [USGS] National Map). A: West Branch of White River, Vermont, USA, watershed area 112 km 2 , channel relief 632 to 232 m asl (above sea level). B: Saxtons River, Vermont, USA, watershed...
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Journal Article

Pocono Stratigraphy in the Broadtop Basin of Pennsylvania Available to Purchase

DAVID B. REGER
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 30 June 1927
GSA Bulletin (1927) 38 (2): 397–410.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-38-397
... Mountain northwest of the basin and just southeast of the Raystown Branch of the Juniata River near Saxton, Riddlesburg, and Hopewell, where the exposures are almost as perfect as could be desired; and in Sideling Hill, southeast of the basin and east of Robertsdale. Of these two regions the outcrops...
View PDF for article title, Pocono Stratigraphy in the Broadtop Basin of Pennsylvania
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