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Sacawee Block

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Journal Article
Published: 22 December 2006
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2006) 43 (10): 1445–1466.
...Rashmi L.B. Grace; Kevin R. Chamberlain; B. Ronald Frost; Carol D. Frost Abstract The Sacawee block is a narrow belt of Paleo- to Mesoarchean crust that extends for ∼70 km across the northern Granite Mountains. It is composed of the ∼3.3 Ga Sacawee orthogneiss, additional calc-alkalic and tonalitic...
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(a) εNd plot of samples from the Sacawee block compared with those from the Beartooth–Bighorn magmatic zone and juvenile arc terranes to the south of the Sacawee block. Data from this study are shown as symbols with evolution lines. (b) Histogram of crustal residence model ages for samples within the Sacawee block. The majority of samples fall into a range of 3.8–3.6 Ga. Data from Frost (1993), Kirkwood (2000), Kruckenberg et al. (2001), Fruchey (2002), C.D. Frost et al. (2006a, 2006b), and Souders and Frost (2006). BBL, Beulah Belle Lake; BG, Barlow Gap; BRD, Black Rock Draw; BRM, Black Rock Mountain; gn, gneiss; gr, granite; mg, metagabbro; sed, metasedimentary rock; volc, metavolcanic rock.
Published: 22 December 2006
Fig. 8. ( a ) ε Nd plot of samples from the Sacawee block compared with those from the Beartooth–Bighorn magmatic zone and juvenile arc terranes to the south of the Sacawee block. Data from this study are shown as symbols with evolution lines. ( b ) Histogram of crustal residence model ages
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(a) Tectonic model 1 for the evolution of the Sacawee block. This model assumes the Sacawee block was part of the Wyoming Province, but was rifted off the margin at ∼2.86 Ga (Fruchey 2002). Closure of the oceanic basin between the Sacawee block and the Wyoming Province causes the deformation observed at Barlow Gap (Fruchey 2002) and Black Rock Mountain (Kruckenberg et al. 2001). Rattlesnake Hills and Ferris–Seminoe mountains supracrustal rocks were deposited in an oceanic basin (Fruchey 2002; Bowers and Chamberlain 2006; C.D. Frost et al. 2006b). Accretion of exotic blocks, such as the Ferris–Seminoe and the Sierra Madre blocks caused ∼2.63–2.65 Ga deformation and magmatism. See text for discussion. (b) Tectonic model 2 for the evolution of the Sacawee block. This model assumes the Sacawee block was an exotic block accreted to the margin of the Wyoming Province at ∼2.65 Ga. Accretion of additional blocks caused the ∼2.62 Ga magmatism of the Granite Mountains batholith (GMB). In this scenario, Rattlesnake Hills Group and Ferris–Seminoe Mountains supracrustal rocks were deposited in separate basins (Fruchey 2002). See text for discussion. BBMZ, Beartooth–Bighorn magmatic zone (C.D. Frost et al. 2006a); BBL, Beulah Belle Lake; FMB, Ferris Mountains block; GMB, Granite Mountains batholith; MGSZ, McDougal Gulch shear zone; OTSB, Oregon Trail structural belt; SM, Sierra Madre block; WSH, West Sage Hen Rocks.
Published: 22 December 2006
Fig. 9. ( a ) Tectonic model 1 for the evolution of the Sacawee block. This model assumes the Sacawee block was part of the Wyoming Province, but was rifted off the margin at ∼2.86 Ga ( Fruchey 2002 ). Closure of the oceanic basin between the Sacawee block and the Wyoming Province causes
Journal Article
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 March 2017
GSA Bulletin (2017) 129 (3-4): 259–280.
... by presenting a geologic, petrologic, geochemical, and isotopic description of Paleoarchean gneisses in the Sacawee block of central Wyoming and revealing a record of Hadean crust formation and its subsequent Archean reworking and growth. Archean rocks of the Wyoming Province are exposed in basement...
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Initial εNd of Wyoming batholith samples compared to Louis Lake batholith and Bears Ears pluton samples. All samples were intruded at ~2.62–2.63 Ga; the Louis Lake and Bears Ears are displaced to the left of their intrusive age for clarity. Also shown are potential magma sources, including depleted mantle, ~3.3–3.4 Ga crust of the Sacawee block immediately north of the Wyoming batholith in the Granite Mountains, evolved metasedimentary rocks of the Granite Mountains, and juvenile metasediments of the southern accreted terranes in the Wind River Range and Granite Mountains. The Wyoming batholith in the Shirley and Laramie Mountains contains less radiogenic Nd isotopic ratios, suggesting that these magmas incorporated a greater proportion of old crust than the granites of the Granite Mountains and Wind River Range. (Data sources: Table 2, Frost et al. 2006; Fruchey 2002; Wall 2004; and Meredith 2005.) (Color online.)
Published: 01 June 2016
, including depleted mantle, ~3.3–3.4 Ga crust of the Sacawee block immediately north of the Wyoming batholith in the Granite Mountains, evolved metasedimentary rocks of the Granite Mountains, and juvenile metasediments of the southern accreted terranes in the Wind River Range and Granite Mountains
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Overview map of basement terranes of southwestern Laurentia (modified after Foster et al., 2006); the inset map shows the general location of southwestern Laurentia in North America. Margin of juvenile Phanerozoic accreted terranes and Archean basements is approximated by the initial 87Sr/86Sr = 0.706 line of Armstrong et al. (1977). Light gray shaded areas outline the approximate extension of Archean basements. Exposures of the Clearwater Block are outlined based on Vervoort et al. (2016). Interpreted boundaries of the Wyoming Province are adopted from Bedrosian and Frost (2022). Thick dashed line indicates the eastern boundary of the Wyoming Province proposed by Worthington et al. (2016). The Archean Wyoming Province was exposed principally during Laramide orogeny and can be divided into three subprovinces: Montana metasedimentary terrane (MMT), Beartooth-Bighorn magmatic zone (BBMZ), and Southern accreted terrane (SAT). The Montana metasedimentary terrane was restitched to the Beartooth-Bighorn magmatic zone along the North Snowy Block (NSB) deformation zone, whereas the Southern accreted terrane was sutured to the rest of the province along the Sacawee block (SB). BH—Black Hills; BhM—Bighorn Mountains; BM—Bear Mountain; CB—Cheyenne belt; GM—Granite Mountains; HU—Hartville Uplift; LBM—Little Belt Mountains; LM—Laramie Mountains; LRM—Little Rocky Mountains; MBM—Medicine Bow Mountains; PM—Pioneer Mountains; SM—Sierra Madre; UM—Uinta Mountains; WRR—Wind River Range.
Published: 13 October 2023
-Bighorn magmatic zone (BBMZ), and Southern accreted terrane (SAT). The Montana metasedimentary terrane was restitched to the Beartooth-Bighorn magmatic zone along the North Snowy Block (NSB) deformation zone, whereas the Southern accreted terrane was sutured to the rest of the province along the Sacawee
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Map of the Granite Mountains showing Archean rock units. The Oregon Trail structural belt (OTSB) is shown as a broad zone across the northern Granite Mountains. Thick solid black and dashed gray lines indicate the locations of exposed shear zones that are interpreted to be part of the OTSB. The latter are shear zones where deformation has been dated at ∼2.63–2.65 Ga. The Long Creek Mountain shear zone (LCMSZ) was dated by Ludwig and Stuckless (1978), Langstaff (1995), and Fruchey (2002), the Tin Cup ductile feformation zone (TCDDZ) by Langstaff (1995) and Fruchey (2002), the McDougal Gulch shear zone (MGSZ) by Fruchey (2002), and the shear zones in West Sage Hen Rocks and Beulah Belle Lake are dated in this study. U–Pb sample locations in West Sage Hen Rocks (01SWP11) and Black Rock Draw (01SWP4, 5) are marked by stars. Samples from the Beulah Belle Lake area are shown in Fig. 3. The extent of the Sacawee block is shown as the lightly shaded swath. Data are from Ludwig and Stuckless (1978), Peterman and Hildreth (1978), Fischer and Stacey (1986), Langstaff (1995), Kruckenberg et al. (2001), Fruchey (2002), and Grace (2004).
Published: 22 December 2006
in Fig.  3 . The extent of the Sacawee block is shown as the lightly shaded swath. Data are from Ludwig and Stuckless ( 1978 ), Peterman and Hildreth ( 1978 ), Fischer and Stacey ( 1986 ), Langstaff ( 1995 ), Kruckenberg et al. ( 2001 ), Fruchey ( 2002 ), and Grace ( 2004 ).
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Zircon U-Pb date compilation for Archean and Proterozoic terranes in southwestern Laurentia. Note that dates from the Black Hills (BH) and Hartville Uplift (HU) were not included here because the basement rocks exposed in these locations may not be parts of the Wyoming Province in some interpretations (e.g., Worthington et al., 2016). BBMZ—Beartooth-Bighorn magmatic zone; MMT—Montana metasedimentary terrane; NSB—North Snowy Block deformation zone; SAT—Southern accreted terrane; SB—Sacawee block. Date references: [1] this study; [2] Ross et al. (1991); [3] Villeneuve et al. (1993); [4] Davis et al. (1995); [5] Gifford et al. (2020); [6] Doughty et al. (1998); [7] Vervoort et al. (2016); [8] Wang et al. (2022); [9] Foster et al. (2006); [10] Mueller et al. (2002); [11] Gifford et al. (2014); [12] Gifford et al. (2018); [13] Egger et al. (2003); [14] Strickland et al. (2011); [15] Isakson (2012); [16] A. Stacey, 2023, personal commun.; [17] Mueller et al. (2011); [18] Mogk et al. (1988); [19] Mogk et al. (1992); [20] Mueller et al. (1993); [21] Mueller et al. (1996); [22] Mueller et al. (1998); [23] Roberts et al. (2002); [24] Dahl et al. (2002); [25] Mueller et al. (2004); [26] Mueller et al. (2005); [27] Jones (2008); [28] Krogh et al. (2011); [29] Alcock and Muller (2012); [30] Mueller et al. (2014); [31] Naylor et al. (1970); [32] Ludwig and Stuckless (1978); [33] Fisher and Stacey (1986); [34] Mueller et al. (1988); [35] Mueller et al. (2010); [36] Aleinikoff et al. (1989); [37] Premo et al. (1990); [38] Zartman and Reed (1998); [39] Frost et al. (1998); [40] Frost and Fanning (2006); [41] Grace et al. (2006); [42] Bagdonas et al. (2016); [43] Frost et al. (2016); [44] Kilian et al. (2016a) (baddeleyite U-Pb); [45] Kilian et al. (2016b) (baddeleyite U-Pb); [46] Frost et al. (2017); [47] Premo and Van Schmus (1989); [48] Verts et al. (1996); [49] Cox et al. (2000); [50] Harlan et al. (2003) (baddeleyite and zircon U-Pb); [51] Bowers and Chamberlain (2006); [52] Frost et al. (2006); [53] Mammone et al. (2022).
Published: 13 October 2023
interpretations (e.g., Worthington et al., 2016 ). BBMZ—Beartooth-Bighorn magmatic zone; MMT—Montana metasedimentary terrane; NSB—North Snowy Block deformation zone; SAT—Southern accreted terrane; SB—Sacawee block. Date references: [1] this study; [2] Ross et al. (1991) ; [3] Villeneuve et al. (1993) ; [4
Journal Article
Published: 22 December 2006
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2006) 43 (10): 1419–1444.
... for 3.30–3.10 Ga crust in the Wyoming Province includes the 3.30 Ga Sacawee block of south-cental Wyoming (Kruckenberg et al. 2001; Fruchey 2002 ; Grace et al. 2006 ), U–Pb ages of gneisses in the Beartooth Mountains ( Mueller et al. 1996 ), and inherited zircon cores in 2.95 Ga Bighorn gneisses ( Frost...
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Journal Article
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 13 October 2023
GSA Bulletin (2024) 136 (5-6): 2460–2482.
...-Bighorn magmatic zone (BBMZ), and Southern accreted terrane (SAT). The Montana metasedimentary terrane was restitched to the Beartooth-Bighorn magmatic zone along the North Snowy Block (NSB) deformation zone, whereas the Southern accreted terrane was sutured to the rest of the province along the Sacawee...
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Journal Article
Published: 30 November 2006
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2006) 43 (10): 1391–1397.
... C.D. 2006 . Tectonic histories of the Paleoarchean to Mesoarchean Sacawee Block and Neoarchean Oregon Trail structural belt of the south-central Wyoming Province . Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , 43 : this issue. Harlan S.S. Heaman L. LeCheminant A.N. Premo W.R. 2003...
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Journal Article
Published: 11 December 2006
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2006) 43 (10): 1467–1487.
... the terrane that formed prior to its docking to the 3.3 Ga Sacawee block to the north along the Oregon Trail structural belt ( Grace et al. 2006 ; Fig.  1 ). The granite of Bear Mountain, which is younger than the 2.71 Ga Ferris Mountains granite porphyry, could represent late magmatism associated...
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Journal Article
Published: 12 January 2007
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2006) 43 (10): 1533–1555.
... and Planetary Science Letters , 70 : 221 – 236 . Grace R.L.B. Chamberlain K.R. Frost B.R. Frost C.D. 2006 . Tectonic histories of the Paleoarchean to Mesoarchean Sacawee block and Neoarchean Oregon Trail structural belt of south-central Wyoming Province . Canadian Journal of Earth...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 June 2008
The Canadian Mineralogist (2008) 46 (3): 583–596.
... extension of the Trans-Hudson orogen . Geol. Soc. Am., Bull . 100 , 1244 – 1259 . Grace , R.L.B. , Chamberlain , K.R. , Frost , B.R. & Frost , C.D. ( 2006 ): Tectonic histories of Paleo-archean to Meso-archean Sacawee Block and Neoarchean Oregon Trail structural belt...
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Journal Article
Published: 19 December 2006
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2006) 43 (10): 1399–1418.
.... 2006 . Tectonic histories of the Paleo- to Mesoarchean Sacawee block and Neoarchean Oregon Trail structural belt of the south-central Wyoming Province . Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 43 : this issue. Harlan S.S. Geissman J.W. Premo W.R. 2003 . Paleomagnetism...
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Journal Article
Published: 06 January 2007
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2006) 43 (10): 1489–1510.
... by lateral accretion of juvenile supracrustal belts in the south-central Wyoming Province . Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , 43 : this issue. Grace R.L.B. Chamberlain K.R. Frost B.R. Frost C.D. 2006 . Tectonic histories of the Paleo- to Mesoarchean Sacawee block and Neoarchean...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 June 2016
American Mineralogist (2016) 101 (6): 1332–1347.
..., including depleted mantle, ~3.3–3.4 Ga crust of the Sacawee block immediately north of the Wyoming batholith in the Granite Mountains, evolved metasedimentary rocks of the Granite Mountains, and juvenile metasediments of the southern accreted terranes in the Wind River Range and Granite Mountains...
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Journal Article
Journal: Geosphere
Published: 11 April 2018
Geosphere (2018) 14 (3): 1008–1030.
.... 125 , p. 73 – 88 , https://doi.org/10.1130/B30583.1 . Grace , R.I.B. , Chamberlain , K.R. , Frost , B.R. , and Frost , C.D. , 2006 , Tectonic histories of the Paleo- to Mesoarchean Sacawee block and Neoarchean Oregon Trail structural belt of the south-central Wyoming Province...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 March 2021
South African Journal of Geology (2021) 124 (1): 87–110.
... river system . Earth and Planetary Science Letters , 70 , 221 – 236 . Grace , R.L. , Chamberlain , K.R. , Frost , B.R. and Frost , C.D. , 2006 . Tectonic histories of the Paleo- to Mesoarchean Sacawee block and Neoarchean Oregon Trail structural belt of the south-central...
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Journal Article
Published: 01 November 2015
Journal of Sedimentary Research (2015) 85 (11): 1416–1430.
.... 2006 , Tectonic histories of the Paleo to Mesoarchean Sacawee block and Neoarchean Oregon Trail structural belt of the south-central Wyoming Province : Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , v. 43 , p. 1445 – 1466 . Grambling J.A...
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