Figure 2. Detailed map of Lake Franklin, which filled the Ruby Valley and part of the North Butte Valley east of the Ruby Mountains. Solid black lines indicate mapped beach ridges and other shoreline landforms of Lake Franklin. Dots mark locations of radiocarbon-dated samples. Labels identify

TABLE 1. STUDY SITES IN THE RUBY VALLEY

Figure 4. Two-way time/depth structure contour maps. A , Contoured two-way time/depth to preEocene basement in Huntington and Ruby valleys. B , Contoured two-way time/depth interval between surface datum and the base of the Miocene–Holocene Humboldt Formation and younger sedimentary rocks

Figure 3. Satellite image showing the massive shoreline at 1823 m that arcs across the northern Ruby Valley, highlighted by a dotted white line that traces the ridge crest. The Franklin River Bridge (FRB) site is located in a borrow pit just east of where the modern Franklin River breaches

Figure 4. Aerial photo showing sample sites and shorelines in the vicinity of Murphy Well. Shoreline crests are highlighted by dotted white lines. The main road on the east side of the Ruby Valley (CCC Road) travels along the crest of the 1846 m beach ridge. Samples MW and MWB were obtained from

Figure 11. Subsets of Plate 3 showing modern hot springs at which siliceous or travertine sinter deposits were identified using the ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) data. (A) Quartz identified at hot springs along east flank of Ruby Mountains in Ruby Valley

Range; EP = Emigrant Pass; GR = Goshute-Toano Range; HD = HD Range; HP = Harrison Pass pluton, MV = Mount Velma; PH = Peko Hills; PM = Pequop Mountains, PR = Piñon Range; RM = Ruby Mountains; SM = Snake Mountains; SpM = Spruce Mountain; SRV = Sohio Ruby Valley no. 1 bore hole; T = Tuscarora; WH = Wood

moisture (green line) ( Houghton, 1969 ). Studies cited in text: CL—Carp Lake, GC—Goshute Cave, FL—Fargher Lake, LB—Pluvial Lake Bonneville, LL—Little Lake, ML—Mono Lake, OL—Owens Lake, OP—Ocean Drilling Program Site 1020, PL—Pyramid Lake, RV—Ruby Valley, SB—Santa Barbara Basin, SL—Summer Lake, SrL—Searles

Fig. 3.— Early Oligocene ostracods of the Medicine Lodge and Upper Ruby River valleys and Horse Prairie, southwestern Montana State, United States. A ) Candona rangliensis ? Swain 1964 (Paper Shale Flora, YPM IP 545284). B ) Candona sp. aff. Candona ohioensis Furtos 1933 ( sensu Swain

Mountains Seismic Experiment (RMSE) C–C′; and (D) past Bald Mountain, 10–25 km south of Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling (COCORP) line 4 ( Hauser et al., 1987 ). (B) Generalized wide-angle seismic wave speed measured along Ruby Valley ( Fig. 2A ) immediately east of the Ruby Mountains

Figure 1. Location of Ruby–East Humboldt Range and Buena Vista Valley with respect to epicenter and physiographic maps of the Great Basin and surrounding areas (adapted from Goter et al., 1992 ).

include Eocene nonvolcanic units as well as middle to late Eocene volcanic or volcaniclastic deposits not specifically identified from borehole data. B , Seismic profile across Ruby Valley. Interpreted section shows strong reflections from the Humboldt Formation and younger sedimentary rocks

include Eocene nonvolcanic units as well as middle to late Eocene volcanic or volcaniclastic deposits not specifically identified from borehole data. B , Seismic profile across Ruby Valley. Interpreted section shows strong reflections from the Humboldt Formation and younger sedimentary rocks

include Eocene nonvolcanic units as well as middle to late Eocene volcanic or volcaniclastic deposits not specifically identified from borehole data. B , Seismic profile across Ruby Valley. Interpreted section shows strong reflections from the Humboldt Formation and younger sedimentary rocks

data. The well is projected ∼4.2 km south (∼parallel to strike line CT 19) to seismic line CT 10 ( Fig. 1 ). C , Velocity log and synthetic seismogram from the Amoco Franklin-1 well in Ruby Valley. Stars #1 and #2 represent core samples of the Mississippian Chainman Shale and Mississippian-Devonian

data. The well is projected ∼4.2 km south (∼parallel to strike line CT 19) to seismic line CT 10 ( Fig. 1 ). C , Velocity log and synthetic seismogram from the Amoco Franklin-1 well in Ruby Valley. Stars #1 and #2 represent core samples of the Mississippian Chainman Shale and Mississippian-Devonian

data. The well is projected ∼4.2 km south (∼parallel to strike line CT 19) to seismic line CT 10 ( Fig. 1 ). C , Velocity log and synthetic seismogram from the Amoco Franklin-1 well in Ruby Valley. Stars #1 and #2 represent core samples of the Mississippian Chainman Shale and Mississippian-Devonian

Figure 5. Lower panel shows sample sites (triangles) and beach ridges at the Northeast Ruby Valley site over an aerial photo base. White dotted lines denote crests of beach ridges. The upper panel shows a topographic survey across the 1843 m and 1840 m beach ridge complexes from A to A′. Dashed