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GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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East Africa
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Ethiopia (1)
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Southern Africa
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Namibia (1)
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Japan
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Italy
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North Island (28)
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Colorado
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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commodities
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elements, isotopes
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halogens
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hydrogen
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stable isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (5)
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deuterium (1)
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O-18/O-16 (8)
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Tertiary
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Mesozoic
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Precambrian
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native elements (1)
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silicates
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framework silicates
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quartz (5)
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orthosilicates
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sorosilicates
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sheet silicates
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chlorite group
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clay minerals
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sericite (3)
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sulfates
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sulfides
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pyrite (2)
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tellurides (1)
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Primary terms
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absolute age (3)
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Africa
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East Africa
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Ethiopia (1)
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Southern Africa
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Namibia (1)
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Zimbabwe (1)
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Asia
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Central Asia (1)
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Chukotka Russian Federation (1)
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Far East
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China
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Fujian China (1)
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Guangdong China (1)
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Guizhou China (1)
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Hunan China (1)
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Sichuan China (1)
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Xinjiang China
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Junggar Basin (1)
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Indonesia
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Sumatra (1)
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Japan
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Hokkaido
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Kitami Basin (1)
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Honshu
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Iwate Japan
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Kakkonda Field (1)
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Onikobe Field (1)
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Philippine Islands (3)
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Himalayas
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Garhwal Himalayas (1)
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Indian Peninsula
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India
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Uttarakhand India
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Chamoli India (1)
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Garhwal Himalayas (1)
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-
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Kamchatka Russian Federation
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Kamchatka Peninsula (1)
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Main Central Thrust (1)
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Middle East
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Turkey
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Canakkale Turkey (1)
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-
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Okhotsk-Chukchi volcanic belt (1)
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Russian Far East (1)
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Siberia (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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North Atlantic
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Reykjanes Ridge (1)
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Australasia
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Australia
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South Australia (1)
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-
New Zealand
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Coromandel Peninsula (2)
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Hawke's Bay New Zealand (1)
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Northland New Zealand (1)
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Otago New Zealand (1)
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Rotorua New Zealand (2)
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Taranaki New Zealand (1)
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Taupo (2)
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Taupo volcanic zone (17)
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Waihi New Zealand (1)
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Waiotapu New Zealand (1)
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Wairakei (2)
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Papua New Guinea
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Lihir Island (1)
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bacteria (2)
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brines (1)
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Canada
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Athabasca Basin (1)
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British Columbia (1)
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Canadian Cordillera (1)
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Saskatchewan (1)
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Yukon Territory
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (5)
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C-14 (1)
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene (2)
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Pleistocene
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upper Pleistocene (1)
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-
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene
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upper Miocene (2)
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Pliocene (2)
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Paleogene
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Central America
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Southern Europe
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deuterium (1)
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hydrology (1)
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igneous rocks
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carbonatites (1)
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plutonic rocks
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diorites
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tonalite (1)
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granites (3)
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volcanic rocks
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andesites (2)
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dacites (1)
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pyroclastics
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ignimbrite (4)
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inclusions
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intrusions (7)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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C-14 (1)
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stable isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (5)
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D/H (4)
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deuterium (1)
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O-18/O-16 (8)
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S-34/S-32 (2)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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kaolin deposits (1)
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lava (2)
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magmas (10)
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Mediterranean region (1)
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Mediterranean Sea
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East Mediterranean
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Aegean Sea (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous (1)
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Jurassic
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Bonanza Group (1)
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Upper Jurassic (1)
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Triassic
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Middle Triassic (1)
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-
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metal ores
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base metals (4)
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nickel ores (1)
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polymetallic ores (1)
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silver ores (16)
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tellurium ores (2)
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uranium ores (1)
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zinc ores (2)
-
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metals
-
alkaline earth metals
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barium (1)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (1)
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-
-
antimony (2)
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arsenic (2)
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bismuth (1)
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copper (1)
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gold (1)
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mercury (2)
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precious metals (6)
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metamorphic rocks
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metasedimentary rocks (1)
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metamorphism (1)
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metasomatism (25)
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Mexico
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Puebla Mexico
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Los Humeros (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (35)
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mineral exploration (13)
-
noble gases
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argon
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
-
-
-
North America
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Appalachians
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Piedmont (1)
-
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North American Cordillera
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Canadian Cordillera (1)
-
-
Rocky Mountains
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San Juan Mountains (1)
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Oceania
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orogeny (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (8)
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Pacific region
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Circum-Pacific region (1)
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paleoecology (1)
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Paleozoic
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Devonian (2)
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lower Paleozoic (1)
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paragenesis (5)
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phase equilibria (1)
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Plantae
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plate tectonics (2)
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Precambrian
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upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic (1)
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sedimentary petrology (1)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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siliceous sinter (9)
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clastic rocks
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South America
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Deseado Massif (2)
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Chile (2)
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springs (14)
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structural analysis (2)
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Colorado
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San Juan volcanic field (1)
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Nevada
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Elko County Nevada (1)
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Virginia (1)
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chemically precipitated rocks
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Rotokawa geothermal system
The Rotokawa geothermal system, New Zealand; an active epithermal gold-depositing environment Available to Purchase
Map of southern part of the Rotokawa geothermal system showing resistivity ... Available to Purchase
Precious Metals in Modern Hydrothermal Solutions and Implications for the Formation of Epithermal Ore Deposits Available to Purchase
Potential Reaction Pathways of Hg in Some New Zealand Hydrothermal Environments Available to Purchase
Abstract Equilibrium thermodynamic reaction pathways of Hg have been calculated for new analytical data from a number of hydrothermal environments in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, using reaction path simulation algorithms. The calculations suggest that Hg is present in the near-neutral chloride reservoir fluids of the Kawerau, Ohaaki, and Rotokawa geothermal systems principally as Hg° ( aq ) but in concentrations that are uniformly undersaturated with respect to Hg mineral phases. Simulated conductive cooling of these fluids (without gas loss) leads to the precipitation of cinnabar, whereas adiabatic cooling strongly partitions Hg into the vapor phase. Simulated condensation of Hg-bearing geothermal vapors into shallow (T = 100°C), oxygenated ground waters is predicted to lead to near-quantitative precipitation of Hg as cinnabar, whereas unhindered passage of the Hg ( g ) -bearing vapors to the surface may result in condensation of Hg ( g ) to liquid Hg (quicksilver) at temperatures <5°C. The modeled results are consistent with observed Hg enrichment in production well cuttings from the upper 100 m of the Kawerau reservoir. Speciation calculations show that Hg in 270°C fumarolic gases at the White Island volcano is present predominantly as gaseous Hg°, with gas species HgCl 2 and HgS being some four and five orders of magnitude less abundant, respectively. Simulated conductive cooling of the fumarolic gas leads to the precipitation of elemental sulfur at 265°C and cinnabar at 187°C along the fumarolic conduits, whereas condensation of these vapors into either acidic brines or shallow acidic condensates at 100°C also leads to the precipitation of cinnabar. Hg in the Ruapehu Crater Lake is calculated to be present mainly as Hg(HS)° 2 and, at 0.13 μg/l concentration, the lake is supersaturated with respect to cinnabar. Simulated heating of the lake water shows that this phase undersaturates at about 105°C, suggesting that the 0.1-μg/l Hg concentration in the lake probably represents quenched equilibrium conditions from the vent. Collectively, these investigations suggest that Hg behaves largely as a conservative constituent in the high-temperature portions of the magmatic and hydrothermal Taupo Volcanic Zone environments.