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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Central Africa
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Congo Democratic Republic
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East Africa
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Lu/Hf (1)
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sorosilicates
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epidote group
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epidote (2)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
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tourmaline group (1)
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-
sheet silicates
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chlorite group
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chlorite (3)
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sudoite (1)
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clay minerals
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kaolinite (3)
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smectite (2)
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illite (2)
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mica group
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biotite (2)
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tosudite (1)
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-
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sulfates
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alunite (1)
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anhydrite (1)
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gypsum (2)
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sulfides
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bornite (3)
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chalcopyrite (3)
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molybdenite (6)
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pyrite (3)
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sulfosalts
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sulfarsenates
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enargite (1)
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-
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tellurides
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hessite (1)
-
-
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Primary terms
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absolute age (33)
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Africa
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Central Africa
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Congo Democratic Republic
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East Africa
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Zambia (1)
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Far East
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associations (1)
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Australasia
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Australia
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Queensland Australia
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-
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New Zealand
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Papua New Guinea
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Ok Tedi Mine (1)
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barite deposits (1)
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biogeography (2)
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biography (2)
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brines (3)
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Canada
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Ontario
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Stikinia Terrane (2)
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Western Canada
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British Columbia
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Guichon Creek Batholith (1)
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Queen Charlotte Islands (1)
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Canadian Cordillera (3)
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Yukon Territory (1)
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-
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carbon
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C-13 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (8)
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C-14 (1)
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organic carbon (1)
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-
Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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upper Holocene
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Roman period (1)
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-
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Pleistocene
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lower Pleistocene (2)
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upper Pleistocene
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Wisconsinan
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upper Wisconsinan (1)
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-
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upper Quaternary (1)
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene
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lower Miocene (1)
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Pliocene
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upper Pliocene (1)
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-
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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Bracklesham Group (1)
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Chuckanut Formation (1)
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Chumstick Formation (1)
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lower Eocene
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Cuisian (1)
-
-
middle Eocene
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Barton Clay (1)
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Bartonian (1)
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Lutetian (2)
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-
Swauk Formation (1)
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upper Eocene
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Priabonian (1)
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-
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Oligocene (4)
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Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (1)
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-
-
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ceramic materials (1)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Tetrapoda
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Mammalia
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Theria
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Eutheria
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Carnivora
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Pinnipedia (1)
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Cetacea
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Mysticeti (1)
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-
-
-
-
-
-
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clay mineralogy (3)
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climate change (1)
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continental drift (1)
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continental shelf (3)
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crust (10)
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data processing (5)
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Deep Sea Drilling Project
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Leg 18
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DSDP Site 178 (1)
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deformation (20)
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Earth (1)
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Europe
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Central Europe
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Germany
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Jura Mountains (1)
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Southern Europe
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Iberian Peninsula
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Scotland
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Welsh Basin (2)
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faults (55)
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hydrogen
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hydrology (1)
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ichnofossils (5)
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igneous rocks
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gabbros (3)
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granites (7)
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granodiorites
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monzodiorite (3)
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monzonites (6)
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pegmatite (2)
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quartz monzonite (2)
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ultramafics
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-
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porphyry (7)
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volcanic rocks
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basalts
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
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dacites (1)
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pyroclastics
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ash-flow tuff (1)
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tuff (1)
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rhyolites (1)
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trachyandesites (2)
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-
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inclusions
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fluid inclusions (12)
-
-
Indian Ocean
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Great Australian Bight (2)
-
-
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
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Expedition 341
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IODP Site U1417 (1)
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-
-
intrusions (36)
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Mandibulata
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Crustacea
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Cirripedia (1)
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-
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Trilobitomorpha
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Trilobita (1)
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-
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Brachiopoda (3)
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Mollusca
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea (1)
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-
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Protista
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Foraminifera (2)
-
-
-
isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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C-14 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
-
-
stable isotopes
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C-13 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (8)
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D/H (3)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (3)
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O-18/O-16 (12)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
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S-34 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (7)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (5)
-
-
-
lava (1)
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lineation (1)
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magmas (13)
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mantle (2)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Campanian (2)
-
Middendorf Formation (1)
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Senonian (1)
-
Wahweap Formation (1)
-
-
Valdez Group (1)
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Talkeetna Formation (1)
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Toarcian (1)
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upper Liassic (1)
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-
Middle Jurassic
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Bajocian (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
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Kimmeridge Clay (1)
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Kimmeridgian (1)
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Oxfordian (3)
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Portlandian (1)
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Smackover Formation (2)
-
-
-
Kayenta Formation (1)
-
McHugh Complex (1)
-
Navajo Sandstone (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic (1)
-
Moenkopi Formation (1)
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Nicola Group (1)
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Upper Triassic
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Chinle Formation (1)
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Stuhini Group (1)
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-
-
Wingate Sandstone (1)
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-
metal ores
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copper ores (51)
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gold ores (56)
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IOCG deposits (1)
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iron ores (3)
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lead ores (6)
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lead-zinc deposits (5)
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mercury ores (1)
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molybdenum ores (16)
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nickel ores (1)
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palladium ores (1)
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polymetallic ores (2)
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silver ores (6)
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tin ores (2)
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tungsten ores (2)
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uranium ores (1)
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zinc ores (7)
-
-
metals
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alkaline earth metals
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (5)
-
-
-
copper (2)
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gold (1)
-
hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
-
-
iron
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ferric iron (1)
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ferrous iron (1)
-
-
lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
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-
manganese (2)
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molybdenum (1)
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platinum group
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osmium (1)
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palladium ores (1)
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precious metals (1)
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rare earths
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (3)
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-
yttrium (1)
-
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rhenium (2)
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tin (1)
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titanium (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
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cataclasites (1)
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gneisses (1)
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hornfels (1)
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metaigneous rocks
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metagabbro (1)
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metasedimentary rocks (3)
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metasomatic rocks
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skarn (9)
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metavolcanic rocks (1)
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quartzites (1)
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schists
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greenstone (1)
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-
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metamorphism (12)
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metasomatism (21)
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Mexico
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Chiapas Mexico (1)
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Sonora Mexico (1)
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mineral deposits, genesis (41)
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Moon (1)
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noble gases
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helium (1)
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North America
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Appalachians
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Blue Ridge Province (3)
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Carolina slate belt (5)
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Piedmont
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Inner Piedmont (3)
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Southern Appalachians (6)
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Denali Fault (1)
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Gulf Coastal Plain (2)
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North American Cordillera
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Canadian Cordillera (3)
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Rocky Mountains
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Central Rocky Mountains (1)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Saint Elias Mountains (2)
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Yakutat Terrane (2)
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ocean floors (1)
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Oceania
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Melanesia
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Fiji
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Viti Levu (1)
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-
-
-
oceanography (1)
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oil and gas fields (1)
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orogeny (12)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (12)
-
-
Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Gulf of Alaska (2)
-
-
-
North Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Gulf of Alaska (2)
-
-
-
-
paleobotany (2)
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paleoclimatology (8)
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paleoecology (6)
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paleogeography (13)
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paleomagnetism (2)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Acadian (1)
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Lower Cambrian (1)
-
-
Carboniferous
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Lower Carboniferous
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Dinantian (1)
-
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Mississippian (2)
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Pennsylvanian
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Lower Pennsylvanian (1)
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Middle Pennsylvanian (1)
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Minturn Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Millstone Grit (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Heemskirk Granite (2)
-
Lower Devonian
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Gedinnian (1)
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Lochkovian (1)
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Pragian (1)
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Siegenian (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
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Eifelian (1)
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-
Muth Quartzite (1)
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Old Red Sandstone (11)
-
Upper Devonian
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Famennian (1)
-
-
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Ashe Formation (1)
-
-
Ordovician
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Lower Ordovician (2)
-
Upper Ordovician (3)
-
-
Permian
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Blaine Formation (1)
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Middle Permian (1)
-
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery (1)
-
-
Upper Silurian
-
Ludlow (1)
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Pridoli (2)
-
-
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Fountain Formation (1)
-
-
-
palynomorphs
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acritarchs (1)
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Dinoflagellata (2)
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miospores
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pollen (2)
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-
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paragenesis (15)
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petroleum
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natural gas (1)
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petrology (3)
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Phanerozoic (3)
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phase equilibria (3)
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Plantae
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algae
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diatoms (1)
-
-
Pteridophyta
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Lycopsida
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Stigmaria (1)
-
-
-
Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae (1)
-
Gymnospermae
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Coniferales
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Pinaceae
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Pinus (1)
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-
-
Cordaitales (1)
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Pteridospermae (1)
-
-
-
-
plate tectonics (23)
-
Precambrian
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Archean
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Neoarchean (2)
-
-
upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
-
Neoproterozoic
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Cryogenian (1)
-
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Willyama Supergroup (2)
-
-
-
-
-
remote sensing (5)
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sea-floor spreading (1)
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sea-level changes (6)
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sedimentary petrology (4)
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks
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dolostone (1)
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limestone (2)
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-
chemically precipitated rocks
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evaporites
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salt (1)
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-
-
clastic rocks
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arenite
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quartz arenite (1)
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bentonite (1)
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claystone (2)
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conglomerate (5)
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eolianite (1)
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mudstone (4)
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red beds (1)
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sandstone (12)
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siltstone (1)
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tonstein (1)
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
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biogenic structures
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bioturbation (1)
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lebensspuren (2)
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microbial mats
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cyanobacterial mats (1)
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planar bedding structures
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bedding (1)
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cross-bedding (2)
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hummocky cross-stratification (1)
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laminations (1)
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ripple drift-cross laminations (1)
-
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rhizoliths (1)
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secondary structures
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stylolites (1)
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seismites (1)
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sedimentation (9)
-
sediments
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carbonate sediments (1)
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clastic sediments
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clay (2)
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gravel (2)
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pebbles (1)
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sand (1)
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marine sediments (3)
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seismology (1)
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slope stability (1)
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soils (4)
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South America
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Argentina
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Pampean Mountains (1)
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Bolivia (1)
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Chile (3)
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Colombia (1)
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spectroscopy (1)
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stratigraphy (14)
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structural analysis (3)
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structural geology (8)
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sulfur
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S-34 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (7)
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tectonics
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neotectonics (1)
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salt tectonics (1)
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tectonophysics (1)
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United States
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Alabama
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Mobile County Alabama (1)
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Alaska
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Alaska Range (2)
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Arizona
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California
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Carolina Terrane (4)
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Colorado
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Colorado Plateau (2)
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Florida (1)
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Idaho
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Kansas
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Kiokee Belt (1)
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Maine
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Chain Lakes Massif (1)
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Piscataquis County Maine (1)
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Mississippi (1)
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Nevada
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Yerington Nevada (2)
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North Carolina
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Lincoln County North Carolina (1)
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Montgomery County North Carolina (1)
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Randolph County North Carolina (1)
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Oklahoma
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Blaine County Oklahoma (1)
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Oregon
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Baker County Oregon (1)
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Wallowa Mountains (1)
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Paradox Basin (2)
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South Carolina
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Chesterfield County South Carolina (1)
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Lancaster County South Carolina (2)
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Texas (1)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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Uncompahgre Uplift (1)
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Utah
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Bingham mining district (1)
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Kane County Utah (1)
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Virginia
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Washington
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Olympic Peninsula (1)
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Pacific County Washington
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Wiggins Arch (1)
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Wyoming
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USSR (1)
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X-ray analysis (1)
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Ridgeway Deposit
THE RIDGEWAY GOLD-COPPER DEPOSIT: A HIGH-GRADE ALKALIC PORPHYRY DEPOSIT IN THE LACHLAN FOLD BELT, NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA—A REPLY
THE RIDGEWAY GOLD-COPPER DEPOSIT: A HIGH-GRADE ALKALIC PORPHYRY DEPOSIT IN THE LACHLAN FOLD BELT, NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA—A DISCUSSION
The Ridgeway Gold-Copper Deposit: A High-Grade Alkalic Porphyry Deposit in the Lachlan Fold Belt, New South Wales, Australia
U-Pb Zircon Ages and Pb Isotope Geochemistry of Gold Deposits in the Carolina Slate Belt of South Carolina
Abstract Kennecott Minerals Company (KMC) operates a 15,000-ton-per-day open-pit gold mine located approximately 5 miles east of the town of Ridgeway, and 25 miles north of Columbia, South Carolina (Figure 1). The Ridgeway gold mine is one of four gold mines which were put in production in South Carolina in the 1980’s. It is currently the only operating gold mine in the Eastern United States. The Ridgeway mine produces gold bullion from two bulk-mineable, open-pit deposits located one mile apart. Low-grade oxide and sulfide ore produced from the siliceous deposits is blasted and hauled to a central mill complex. Ore is milled to minus 200 mesh, and gold is extracted by a carbon-in-pulp, electrowinning process. The mine operates 24 hours a day, and employs over 100 people. The mine began producing gold in December 1988 and total developed in order to achieve an ultimate production goal of 1.5 million ounces of gold bullion by the year 2000. The North Pit is 2,000 feet long, 1,400 feet wide, and 320 feet deep. The South Pit is 2,600 feet long, 1,500 feet wide, and 360 feet deep. The South Pit is being mined at full scale, and is expected to be mined out by June 1996. Activity in the North Pit is currently focused on the stripping of oxide ore and waste at the 420-440 level along the northern half of the pit. Future development plans for the North Pit include deepening the pit from the 120 elevation to -40 elevation. This paper