- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
- Abstract
- Affiliation
- All
- Authors
- Book Series
- DOI
- EISBN
- EISSN
- Full Text
- GeoRef ID
- ISBN
- ISSN
- Issue
- Keyword (GeoRef Descriptor)
- Meeting Information
- Report #
- Title
- Volume
NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Tanzania (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Karoo Basin (3)
-
Lesotho (2)
-
South Africa (2)
-
-
-
United States
-
Arizona
-
Apache County Arizona (1)
-
Petrified Forest National Park (1)
-
-
North Carolina
-
Chatham County North Carolina (1)
-
-
-
-
fossils
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces
-
Osteichthyes (1)
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amphibia
-
Labyrinthodontia
-
Temnospondyli (1)
-
-
-
Aves (1)
-
Reptilia
-
Anapsida
-
Testudines
-
Chelonia (2)
-
-
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
Crocodilia (3)
-
dinosaurs
-
Ornithischia (2)
-
Saurischia
-
Sauropodomorpha
-
Sauropoda (1)
-
-
Theropoda (1)
-
-
-
Pterosauria (2)
-
Thecodontia
-
Aetosauria (1)
-
-
-
Lepidosauria (1)
-
-
Synapsida
-
Therapsida
-
Cynodontia (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
coprolites (2)
-
ichnofossils (1)
-
-
geologic age
-
Mesozoic
-
Jurassic
-
Clarens Formation (2)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Hettangian (1)
-
lower Liassic (1)
-
middle Liassic (1)
-
Pliensbachian (1)
-
Sinemurian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (1)
-
-
Upper Triassic
-
Chinle Formation (1)
-
Molteno Formation (1)
-
Norian (2)
-
Rhaetian (1)
-
Stormberg Series (2)
-
-
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Tanzania (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Karoo Basin (3)
-
Lesotho (2)
-
South Africa (2)
-
-
-
Chordata
-
Vertebrata
-
Pisces
-
Osteichthyes (1)
-
-
Tetrapoda
-
Amphibia
-
Labyrinthodontia
-
Temnospondyli (1)
-
-
-
Aves (1)
-
Reptilia
-
Anapsida
-
Testudines
-
Chelonia (2)
-
-
-
Diapsida
-
Archosauria
-
Crocodilia (3)
-
dinosaurs
-
Ornithischia (2)
-
Saurischia
-
Sauropodomorpha
-
Sauropoda (1)
-
-
Theropoda (1)
-
-
-
Pterosauria (2)
-
Thecodontia
-
Aetosauria (1)
-
-
-
Lepidosauria (1)
-
-
Synapsida
-
Therapsida
-
Cynodontia (2)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
coprolites (2)
-
ichnofossils (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Jurassic
-
Clarens Formation (2)
-
Lower Jurassic
-
Hettangian (1)
-
lower Liassic (1)
-
middle Liassic (1)
-
Pliensbachian (1)
-
Sinemurian (1)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Middle Triassic
-
Anisian (1)
-
-
Upper Triassic
-
Chinle Formation (1)
-
Molteno Formation (1)
-
Norian (2)
-
Rhaetian (1)
-
Stormberg Series (2)
-
-
-
-
paleoecology (1)
-
paleogeography (1)
-
sedimentary rocks
-
clastic rocks
-
sandstone (1)
-
-
-
United States
-
Arizona
-
Apache County Arizona (1)
-
Petrified Forest National Park (1)
-
-
North Carolina
-
Chatham County North Carolina (1)
-
-
-
-
rock formations
-
Elliot Formation (3)
-
Karoo Supergroup (1)
-
-
sedimentary rocks
-
sedimentary rocks
-
clastic rocks
-
sandstone (1)
-
-
-
-
sedimentary structures
-
coprolites (2)
-
Rauisuchia
Rauisuchia
Abstract ‘Rauisuchia’ comprises Triassic pseudosuchians that ranged greatly in body size, locomotor styles and feeding ecologies. Our concept of what constitutes a rauisuchian is changing as a result of discoveries over the last 15 years. New evidence has shown that rauisuchians are probably not a natural (monophyletic) group, but instead are a number of smaller clades (e.g. Rauisuchidae, Ctenosauriscidae, Shuvosauridae) that may not be each other’s closest relatives within Pseudosuchia. Here, we acknowledge that there are still large gaps in the basic understanding in the alpha-level taxonomy and relationships of these groups, but good progress is being made. As a result of renewed interest in rauisuchians, an expanding number of recent studies have focused on the growth, locomotor habits, and biomechanics of these animals, and we review these studies here. We are clearly in the midst of a renaissance in our understanding of rauisuchian evolution and the continuation of detailed descriptions, the development of explicit phylogenetic hypotheses, and explicit palaeobiological studies are essential in advancing our knowledge of these extinct animals.
Abstract The osteology of an almost complete braincase of the rauisuchian archosaur Prestosuchus chiniquensis from the Middle Triassic of Brazil is described for first time, based on two specimens (UFRGS-PV-0629-T and UFRGS-PV-0156-T) . A comparative description with other taxa of rauisuchians is presented that forms the basis of a phylogenetic analysis. To perform the phylogenetic analysis, we describe and discuss each character codification for a modified version of the recent matrices of Gower (2002) , Gower & Nesbitt (2006) and Brusatte et al. (2010) . The analysis resulted in two most parsimonious trees that differ from the topologies recovered by Gower (2002) in a few aspects within Rauisuchia, and Prestosuchus chiniquensis was unequivocally depicted as deeply nested within Pseudosuchia, as the sister taxon of Batrachotomus kuperferzellensis in both topologies, supported by a single synapomorphy: the reduced to small fissure of the post-temporal fenestra between parietal, supraoccipital and exoccipital-opisthotic.
Biostratigraphy of the Scalenodontoides Assemblage Zone (Stormberg Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa
Review of the tetrapod fauna of the “Lower Stormberg Group” of the main Karoo Basin (southern Africa) : implication for the age of the Lower Elliot Formation
The tetrapod fauna of the Upper Elliot and Clarens formations in the main Karoo Basin (South Africa and Lesotho)
Abstract The ornithosuchids were a group of archosaurs with body lengths ranging from 2 to 4 m recorded from Upper Triassic beds in Argentina and Scotland. The group was defined as a node-based clade including Ornithosuchus longidens , Riojasuchus tenuisceps , Venaticosuchus rusconii and all descendants of their most recent common ancestor. The ornithosuchids are diagnosed by the following apomorphies observed in the three known species of the clade: downturned premaxilla; premaxilla–maxilla contact with a diastema in the alveolar margin equal in length to two teeth; palatine–pterygoid fenestra; and orbit with a distinct ventral point surrounded by ‘V’-shaped dorsal processes of the jugal. The most remarkable postcranial apomorphy of the group is the presence of the so-called crocodile reversed ankle joint, a condition that seems to be unique for the ornithosuchids among amniotans. The systematic history of Ornithosuchidae is complex and Ornithosuchus was allied with dinosaurs or phytosaurs prior to the implementation of numerical phylogenetic analyses. Currently, there is consensus that Ornithosuchidae is positioned within Pseudosuchia, but their phylogenetic position within the group remains strongly debated. Nevertheless, all hypotheses agree in inferring an extremely long ghost lineage at the base of the clade. The presence of derived pseudosuchians in the late Olenekian produces a ghost lineage of c. 16–18 millions of years for Ornithosuchidae, indicating that only the late evolutionary history of the clade is currently sampled in the fossil record.
DISTINGUISHING REGURGITALITES AND COPROLITES: A CASE STUDY USING A TRIASSIC BROMALITE WITH SOFT TISSUE OF THE PSEUDOSUCHIAN ARCHOSAUR REVUELTOSAURUS
Redescription of the archosaur Parringtonia gracilis from the Middle Triassic Manda beds of Tanzania, and the antiquity of Erpetosuchidae
PROGRESS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN ARCHOSAUR PHYLOGENETICS
Diverse New Microvertebrate Assemblage from the Upper Triassic Cumnock Formation, Sanford Subbasin, North Carolina, USA
Abstract Prestosuchus chiniquensis is an extinct species of terrestrial archosaur from the Middle Triassic Epoch restricted to southern Brazil. In this paper the thigh musculature of P . chiniquensis is reconstructed based on a well-preserved specimen and on myological descriptions of extant birds and crocodylians. Among the 16 analysed muscular groups, 13 were recognized as present and homologous to both extant groups of archosaurs, and two only to the crocodylian line of archosaurs, so that 15 muscular groups were reconstructed in the fossil specimen. Morphological particularities of the pelvic girdle and the hindlimbs of P . chiniquensis gave a distinct arrangement for the muscular origin and insertion sites, leading to different lines of action and functions when compared with extant archosaurs. The comparison between extinct and extant archosaurs showed a basal condition sustained in some aspects, such as the morphology of the femur and the flexion of the knee, although other aspects were considered as derived, such as the morphology of the pubis and ischium, and their associated muscle origin locations.
Abstract The earliest history of Archosauriformes is mainly represented by members of Proterosuchidae and Erythrosuchidae, which are known worldwide from latest Permian to Middle Triassic beds. These two groups were historically combined within ‘Proterosuchia’, with approximately 30 nominal species. Two morphotypes have been recognized among proterosuchians: proterosuchids with a generally more sprawling gait and elongated and low skulls with an overhanging premaxilla, and the more heavily built erythrosuchids, with a probably less sprawling gait and large, presumably hypercarnivorous, skulls. The systematics of ‘Proterosuchia’ was relatively chaotic throughout most of the twentieth century, but currently there exists consensus regarding the non-monophyly of proterosuchians and their phylogenetic position outside all other archosauriforms. In contrast, the delimitation and taxonomic content of Proterosuchidae and Erythrosuchidae remain unstable. Few studies of proterosuchian palaeobiology have been carried out. Current lines of evidence favour a predominantly terrestrial lifestyle for proterosuchians. Limb bone histology indicates rapid continuous growth rates in Proterosuchus and Erythrosuchus before reaching sexual maturity. A better knowledge of proterosuchian anatomy, systematics, evolution and ecology is important for advancing understanding of the origin and early radiation of Archosauriformes and the patterns of biotic recovery following the Permo-Triassic mass extinction event. There remains much research to be carried out in proterosuchian palaeobiology.
Early Crocodylomorpha
Abstract Non-crocodyliform crocodylomorphs, often called ‘sphenosuchians’, were the earliest-diverging lineages of Crocodylomorpha, and document the stepwise acquisition of many of the features that characterize extant crocodylians. The first crocodylomorph fossils are approximately 230 million years old (upper Carnian, Late Triassic), and at least one of these early lineages persisted until at least 150 million years ago (Late Jurassic). These taxa occupied a wide variety of terrestrial environments from equatorial regions to high-paleolatitudes during the early Mesozoic. Despite a quarter-century of quantitative phylogenetic work, the interrelationships of early crocodylomorphs remain in a state of flux, though recent studies suggest that these lineages are paraphyletic with respect to Crocodyliformes, rather than forming a monophyletic early offshoot of Crocodylomorpha as some previously hypothesized. Nearly all early crocodylomorphs were upright quadrupedal small-bodied taxa, but lumping them all together as small cursorial faunivores masks ecological and morphological disparity in diet and limb functional morphology. With the accelerated pace of recent discovery of new specimens and taxa, future consensus on early crocodylomorph phylogeny will provide a solid framework for understanding their change in diversity and disparity through time, potential biogeographic patterns, and the morphological transformation leading to Crocodyliformes.