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Rainstorm Member

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Rainstorm Member of the Ediacaran Johnnie Formation, Death Valley Region, United States. A–B) Aragonite pseudomorphs showing near-vertical growth with a fanning morphology near the nucleation point. Note the rip-up clast containing aragonite crystal fan pseudomorphs (arrow) in B. Scale bars are 1 cm. C–D) Photomicrographs of aragonite pseudomorphs with quartz grains (white), opaque hematite and iron-titanium oxide grains, and ooids (below crystal fan nucleation horizon). Note the three ooids stopping the growth of the crystal fans in D. Scale bars are 500 µm. E–F) SEM images of aragonite pseudomorphs (now calcite) with detrital grains infilling around the blades. Accessory minerals include muscovite (light gray), quartz (black), hematite, iron-titanium oxides, barite (white), zircon (light-gray center of F), and rutile (white). Scale bars are 200 µm and 100 µm, respectively.
Published: 01 February 2013
FIGURE 5— Rainstorm Member of the Ediacaran Johnnie Formation, Death Valley Region, United States. A–B) Aragonite pseudomorphs showing near-vertical growth with a fanning morphology near the nucleation point. Note the rip-up clast containing aragonite crystal fan pseudomorphs (arrow) in B. Scale
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Figure 4. (A) The Johnnie oolite and pink, postoolite Rainstorm Member carbonate beds (southern Nopah Range section 2). (B) Distinctive Beck Spring Dolomite giant oolite clast within the incised-valley fill, Rainstorm Member of the Johnnie Formation (southern Nopah Range section 1). (C) Seafloor precipitates, Rainstorm Member, Johnnie Formation. (D) Clast of distinctive lower Johnnie Formation stromatolites, now upside down, in incised-valley fill (same as B)
Published: 01 August 2003
Figure 4. (A) The Johnnie oolite and pink, postoolite Rainstorm Member carbonate beds (southern Nopah Range section 2). (B) Distinctive Beck Spring Dolomite giant oolite clast within the incised-valley fill, Rainstorm Member of the Johnnie Formation (southern Nopah Range section 1). (C) Seafloor
Journal Article
Journal: Geosphere
Published: 14 August 2018
Geosphere (2018) 14 (5): 2245–2276.
..., the Shuram negative carbon isotopic excursion occurs within the Rainstorm Member near the top of the Johnnie Formation, followed by a remarkable valley incision event. At its type locality in the northwest Spring Mountains, Nevada, the Johnnie lithostratigraphy consists of three distinctive sand-rich...
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Journal Article
Published: 17 September 2021
Journal of Sedimentary Research (2021) 91 (9): 913–928.
... and selective entrainment can differentially affect detrital-zircon spectra if an initial size variation between source zircon populations exists. We then consider a case study: a detrital-zircon record from Ediacaran to Terreneuvian strata of Death Valley, USA, with a focus on the Rainstorm Member...
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Composite chemostratigraphy of the upper Johnnie Formation, showing carbon isotopic ratios in carbonate from unit H up to the oolite marker horizon in the lowermost Rainstorm Member (Mount Schader section, this study) and values from just below the base of the Rainstorm Member to the top of the member (southern Panamint Range; Verdel et al., 2011). VPDB—Vienna Peedee belemnite.
Published: 14 August 2018
Figure 15. Composite chemostratigraphy of the upper Johnnie Formation, showing carbon isotopic ratios in carbonate from unit H up to the oolite marker horizon in the lowermost Rainstorm Member (Mount Schader section, this study) and values from just below the base of the Rainstorm Member
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A) The Ediacaran to Terreneuvian succession of Death Valley, Nevada and California, USA, is shown. The lowermost Noonday Dolomite is considered earliest Ediacaran near its base (Prave 1999; Petterson et al. 2011) and the Wood Canyon Formation straddles the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary (Corsetti and Hagadorn 2000). The approximate stratigraphic position of samples from this study and previous studies (Schoenborn et al. 2012; Muhlbauer et al. 2017) are shown as diamonds. The Rainstorm Member, the particular focus of this study, is highlighted in pink. B) The areal extent of the Johnnie Formation, of which the Rainstorm Member is the uppermost unit, is shown in gray. The southern Nopah Range, where Rainstorm samples were collected for this study, is marked with a black dot. Modified after Bergmann et al. (2011), their Figure 2.
Published: 17 September 2021
boundary ( Corsetti and Hagadorn 2000 ). The approximate stratigraphic position of samples from this study and previous studies ( Schoenborn et al. 2012 ; Muhlbauer et al. 2017 ) are shown as diamonds. The Rainstorm Member, the particular focus of this study, is highlighted in pink. B) The areal extent
Journal Article
Journal: PALAIOS
Published: 01 February 2013
PALAIOS (2013) 28 (2): 99–115.
...FIGURE 5— Rainstorm Member of the Ediacaran Johnnie Formation, Death Valley Region, United States. A–B) Aragonite pseudomorphs showing near-vertical growth with a fanning morphology near the nucleation point. Note the rip-up clast containing aragonite crystal fan pseudomorphs (arrow) in B. Scale...
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Journal Article
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 August 2003
GSA Bulletin (2003) 115 (8): 916–932.
...Figure 4. (A) The Johnnie oolite and pink, postoolite Rainstorm Member carbonate beds (southern Nopah Range section 2). (B) Distinctive Beck Spring Dolomite giant oolite clast within the incised-valley fill, Rainstorm Member of the Johnnie Formation (southern Nopah Range section 1). (C) Seafloor...
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Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.1130/0-8137-2393-0.209
... such as the “Johnnie oolite,” a 1- to 2-m-thick oolite of the Neoproterozoic Rainstorm Member of the Johnnie Formation in the western United States and of the Clemente Formation in Sonora. The pattern is also evident in the Lower Cambrian Zabriskie Quartzite of the western United States and the correlative Proveedora...
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Histograms of paleomagnetic inclinations from potential sources, plotted at a uniform scale, and from clasts in the Sespe Formation, plotted at a suitably expanded scale. Potential sources from Grand Canyon include the Tapeats Formation (A) and the Shinumo Formation (J–M). Potential sources from the central Arizona highlands include the Tapeats Formation (B). Potential Death Valley sources include the Zabriskie Formation (C), Wood Canyon Formation (D), Rainstorm Member of the Johnnie Formation (E–H). Potential sources from Caborca include Ediacaran–Cambrian strata, mainly the El Arpa, Caborca, Clemente, Papalote, and Cerro Prieto formations (I). Paleomagnetic inclinations were measured in this study from the Miocene Sespe Formation (N) and the Eocene Sespe Formation (O), shown also as a sum (P). Paleomagnetic inclinations of the Rainstorm Member from the Nopah Range and Winters Pass Hills were measured after thermal demagnetization of 500–610 °C (Minguez et al., 2015), and inclinations of the Rainstorm Member from the Desert Range were demagnetized to 650 °C (Van Alstine and Gillett, 1979). Directions from the Wood Canyon (red-purple mudstones only) and Zabriskie Formations, both in the Desert Range, were measured after thermal demagnetization to 640 °C (figures 3F and 4 in Gillett and Van Alstine, 1979). Paleomagnetic inclinations from the Tapeats Formation in the central Arizona highlands and in Grand Canyon were measured after thermal demagnetization at temperatures of 500–590 °C (Elston and Bressler, 1977). Inclinations from the lower Shinumo Formation were measured after demagnetization at 550 °C, from the middle Shinumo at 500–620 °C (data referred to as “Pole 4”), and from the upper Shinumo at 500–620 °C (Elston and Grommé, 1994). Inclinations from clasts in the Miocene Sespe Formation (M) and clasts in the Eocene (N) are from this study, plotted also as a sum (O). Data sources are listed in Table 4.
Published: 16 October 2019
sources from the central Arizona highlands include the Tapeats Formation (B). Potential Death Valley sources include the Zabriskie Formation (C), Wood Canyon Formation (D), Rainstorm Member of the Johnnie Formation (E–H). Potential sources from Caborca include Ediacaran–Cambrian strata, mainly the El Arpa
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Figure 10. Chemostratigraphy of the Johnnie Formation (localities noted in text and Fig. 6). Note that the incised valley has removed the Rainstorm Member carbonates along strike. JO—Johnnie oolite
Published: 01 August 2003
Figure 10. Chemostratigraphy of the Johnnie Formation (localities noted in text and Fig. 6 ). Note that the incised valley has removed the Rainstorm Member carbonates along strike. JO—Johnnie oolite
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Measured age spectra and size distributions for samples included in this study. Grenville age (1.0–1.2 Ga) ranges are highlighted in gray. Samples from the Rainstorm Member are finer grained than other samples.
Published: 17 September 2021
Fig. 7.— Measured age spectra and size distributions for samples included in this study. Grenville age (1.0–1.2 Ga) ranges are highlighted in gray. Samples from the Rainstorm Member are finer grained than other samples.
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Shaded relief map of part of the southern Great Basin showing locations mentioned in text and thickness (in feet) of the Rainstorm Member of the Johnnie Formation. Isopachs are from Stewart (1970). Inset shows location of figure in eastern California and southern Nevada.
Published: 01 July 2011
Figure 2. Shaded relief map of part of the southern Great Basin showing locations mentioned in text and thickness (in feet) of the Rainstorm Member of the Johnnie Formation. Isopachs are from Stewart (1970) . Inset shows location of figure in eastern California and southern Nevada.
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Generalized lithostratigraphic column of the Johnnie Formation at its type locality in Johnnie Wash, with thicknesses based on cross sections A-A′ and B-B′ in Figure 3 for units A through L, and Stewart (1970) for the Rainstorm Member. Roman numerals on left side of column indicate the three sand-rich intervals discussed in text.
Published: 14 August 2018
Figure 4. Generalized lithostratigraphic column of the Johnnie Formation at its type locality in Johnnie Wash, with thicknesses based on cross sections A-A′ and B-B′ in Figure 3 for units A through L, and Stewart (1970) for the Rainstorm Member. Roman numerals on left side of column indicate
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Paleoflow rosettes showing foreset lamination dip directions, corrected for bedding dip. Upper two rosettes compare data from sand-rich interval II (Fig. 8B) with data from all subunit H strata (p. 224 in Benmore, 1978). Bottom rosette shows data from all pre–Rainstorm Member orthoquartzites in the Desert Range (p. 221 in Benmore, 1978).
Published: 14 August 2018
Figure 14. Paleoflow rosettes showing foreset lamination dip directions, corrected for bedding dip. Upper two rosettes compare data from sand-rich interval II ( Fig. 8B ) with data from all subunit H strata (p. 224 in Benmore, 1978 ). Bottom rosette shows data from all pre–Rainstorm Member
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Figure 2. (A) Rollup structures from the basal Beck Spring Dolomite, Alexander Hills section (see location in Fig. 6). (B) Giant ooids characteristic of the Beck Spring Dolomite. These occur as clasts in the overlying Kingston Peak Formation and the Rainstorm Member of the Johnnie Formation. (C) Large dropstone of Beck Spring Dolomite within the iron-rich turbidites of the Kingston Peak Formation, Sperry Wash, eastern Death Valley
Published: 01 August 2003
Figure 2. (A) Rollup structures from the basal Beck Spring Dolomite, Alexander Hills section (see location in Fig. 6 ). (B) Giant ooids characteristic of the Beck Spring Dolomite. These occur as clasts in the overlying Kingston Peak Formation and the Rainstorm Member of the Johnnie Formation. (C
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Chemostratigraphic profiles comparing carbon isotopic data from the Johnnie Formation from unit H through the lowermost Rainstorm Member (ending at the top of the oolite marker bed; Fig. 7) with profiles from (A) the Mukhaibah Dome (MD5) and (B) the Buah Dome (BD5) areas of Oman (Osburn et al., 2015). Vertical axis shows measured stratigraphic height in all profiles. Six additional profile comparisons are presented in Figure S3 (text footnote 1). VPDB—Vienna Peedee belemnite.
Published: 14 August 2018
Figure 16. Chemostratigraphic profiles comparing carbon isotopic data from the Johnnie Formation from unit H through the lowermost Rainstorm Member (ending at the top of the oolite marker bed; Fig. 7 ) with profiles from (A) the Mukhaibah Dome (MD5) and (B) the Buah Dome (BD5) areas of Oman
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A representative crystal-fan-bearing limestone bed from the Rainstorm Member is shown in a cut and polished slab. Formerly aragonite (Pruss et al. 2008) crystal fans nucleate on a scoured seafloor surface, traced with a dotted white line. Heavy-mineral-enriched clastic grains are abundant in the sample, visible as dark gray to black zones; a few examples are indicated with black arrowheads. Carbonate intraclasts are also abundant, and a few examples are indicated with white arrowheads. Modified after Bergmann et al. (2013), their Figure 5A.
Published: 17 September 2021
Fig. 4.— A representative crystal-fan-bearing limestone bed from the Rainstorm Member is shown in a cut and polished slab. Formerly aragonite ( Pruss et al. 2008 ) crystal fans nucleate on a scoured seafloor surface, traced with a dotted white line. Heavy-mineral-enriched clastic grains
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Generalized stratigraphic column of Precambrian–Cambrian strata; thicknesses represent sections in the northwest Spring Mountains, Nevada (from Stewart, 1970). Cryogenian-Ediacaran boundary (635 Ma) is based on the interpretation that the Noonday Dolomite is the Marinoan cap carbonate sequence (Petterson et al., 2011) and the definition for the base of the Ediacaran Period (Knoll et al., 2004, 2006; Narbonne et al., 2012). Precambrian-Cambrian boundary (541 Ma) is based on paleontology (Hagadorn and Waggoner, 2000; Corsetti and Hagadorn, 2000). The Noonday Formation and Stirling Formation are generally resistant, cliff-forming units, in contrast to the recessive, slope-forming Johnnie and lower Wood Canyon formations. The letter C indicates the conglomeratic member of the Johnnie Formation, which fills local valleys incised into the Rainstorm Member.
Published: 14 August 2018
and Stirling Formation are generally resistant, cliff-forming units, in contrast to the recessive, slope-forming Johnnie and lower Wood Canyon formations. The letter C indicates the conglomeratic member of the Johnnie Formation, which fills local valleys incised into the Rainstorm Member.
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Carbonate carbon isotope (δ13Ccarb) chemostratigraphy, sulfate mineral distribution and [CAS] or [Ba] enrichment of the Ediacaran SE. The SE in the upper Doushantuo Formation of South China is also widely referred to as EN3 (Jiang et al. 2007; Zhou and Xiao 2007; McFadden et al. 2008) or DOUNCE (Zhu et al. 2007a; 2013; Lu et al. 2013). The y axes of all sections represent the thickness in metres. Yellow background shading shows SE/EN3/DOUNCE intervals. Blue triangles mark the horizons with potential gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) or anhydrite (CaSO4). Red triangles mark the horizons with authigenic barite (BaSO4). The orange triangle represents celestine (SrSO4). Field and petrographic images of these marked sulfate-bearing intervals can be found in Figures 3–13. (a) Shuram Formation of the Miqrat-1 drill hole in the South Oman Salt Basin, Oman. (b) Wonoka Formation, Bunyeroo Gorge section, Southern Australia. (c) Krol Group at the Nigalidhar section. (d) Nama Group, Grens section, Witputs Sub-Basins, Namibia. (e) Rainstorm Member at Winters Pass Hills, Death Valley, western USA. (f) Upper Clemente Formation at the CR-1 section, Cerro Rajón, Sonora State, Mexico. (g) Upper Clemente Formation at the CR-2 section, Cerro Rajón, Sonora State, Mexico. (h) Nikol'skaya, Alyanchskaya, and Kholychskaya formations, Bol'shoy Patom section, Siberia, Russia. (i–m) Broadly correlative sections of the upper Doushantuo Formation that record EN3/DOUNCE in South China. Sections are listed from left (towards land) to right (towards the deep basin). (i) Upper Doushantuo Formation at the inner-shelf Dongdahe section. (j) Upper Doushantuo Formation at the intra-shelf Jiulongwan section. (k) Upper Doushantuo Formation at the outer-shelf Yangjiaping section. (l) Upper Doushantuo Formation at the outer-shelf Zhongling section. (m) Upper Doushantuo Formation at the upper-slope Siduping section. The palaeogeographic map shows the locatilites of Shuram sections at the global scale. Key sections for the SE are indicated by filled circles (Shuram; Wonoka; Doushantuo; Johnnie; Clemente; Nama; Siberia) and the positions of other potential sections that may correlate with the SE are shown as open circles. Red circles represent the localities discussed in this study. RP, Rio de La Plata; SF, São Francisco. The map is modified from Pisarevsky et al. (2008); Grotzinger et al. (2011), and Gong and Li (2020). The δ13C data are from: Shuram Formation (Fike et al. 2006); Wonoka Formation (Calver 2000); Krol Group (Kaufman et al. 2006); Nama Group (Wood et al. 2015); Rainstorm Member (Kaufman et al. 2007); Clemente Formation (Loyd et al. 2012, 2013); Siberia (Melezhik et al. 2009); Doushantuo at Dongdahe (Zhu et al. 2007b; Lu et al. 2013); Doushantuo at Jiulongwan (Jiang et al. 2007; McFadden et al. 2008); Doushantuo at Yangjiaping (Zhu et al. 2007b; Ader et al. 2009; Kunimitsu et al. 2011; Cui et al. 2015; Furuyama et al. 2016); Doushantuo at Zhongling (Cui et al. 2015, 2017); Doushantuo at Siduping (Li et al. 2017). Source of sulfate minerals: Khufai Formation at the WS section (Le Guerroué 2006); Wonoka Formation (Calver 2000); Krol Group (Jiang et al. 2002); Nama Group (Kaufman et al. 2015; Wood et al. 2015; this study); Siberia (Melezhik et al. 2009); Doushantuo at Dongdahe (Lu et al. 2013); Doushantuo at Jiulongwan (Cui et al. 2017; this study); Doushantuo at Yangjiaping (Cui et al. 2016a; this study); Doushantuo at Zhongling (Cui et al. 2017; this study). The concentration enrichment data are from: [CAS] enrichment in the Shuram Formation (Fike et al. 2006); [CAS] enrichment in the Rainstorm Member (Kaufman et al. 2007); [Ba] enrichment in the Clemente Formation (this study); [CAS] enrichment at Jiulongwan (McFadden et al. 2008; Li et al. 2010; Shi et al. 2018); [Ba] enrichment at Jiulongwan (Cui et al. 2017; Zhang et al. 2019; Wei et al. 2021b); [Ba] enrichment at Siduping (Cao et al. 2020). See Appendix A for abbreviations.
Published: 28 October 2021
. ( b ) Wonoka Formation, Bunyeroo Gorge section, Southern Australia. ( c ) Krol Group at the Nigalidhar section. ( d ) Nama Group, Grens section, Witputs Sub-Basins, Namibia. ( e ) Rainstorm Member at Winters Pass Hills, Death Valley, western USA. ( f ) Upper Clemente Formation at the CR-1 section