... minnesotaensis ; see Pope, 1982 ) in a similar escape position to that seen in Sowerbyella . Evidence of movement also comes from traces associated with the widespread Cincinnatian brachiopod Rafinesquina alternata . These traces, dubbed moats ( Fig. 1 ), were found associated with a Rafinesquina pavement...

.... If plectambonitoids could have moved by clapping their valves, then the same may have been true of strophomenoids, such as Rafinesquina alternata . The ability to move sediment and adjust position explains how strophomenids could live in a convex-up position or even, if partially buried, in more vertical positions...

..., and gastropods, suggests a smothered life assemblage from soft bottom shallow marine platform conditions. The edrioasteroids settled on overturned shells of Rafinesquina alternata and on local hard surfaces provided by previously formed internal moulds of molluscs. Les édrioastéroïdes Isorophusella incondita...

.... Meyer D.L. Dewing K. Gaynor M.R. 2009 , Escape traces associated with Rafinesquina alternata , an Upper Ordovician strophomenid brachiopod from the Cincinnati Arch region : PALAIOS , v...

.... 2009 , Escape traces associated with Rafinesquina alternata , an Upper Ordovician strophomenid brachiopod from the Cincinnati region, Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky : PALAIOS , v. 24 , p. 578 – 590 . Dattilo B.F...

... faunal associations ( Springer and Bambach, 1985 ): (1) Onniella sp. 1 (a dalmanellid)/ Rafinesquina alternata ; (2) large ramose bryozoan; (3) Sowerbyella rugosa / Zygospira lebanonensis ; (4) Onniella sp. 3/ Rafinesquina fracta ; (5) small ramose bryozoans/ Hebertella sinuata / Zygospira modesta...

..., 1972 ; Alexander, 1975 ). The tendency of dead strophomenid shells to passively reorient was supported by experimental studies by Alexander (1975 ) and Savarese (1994 ). Alexander (1975 ) placed weighted plaster models of Rafinesquina alternata in a flume with a fine sand bottom. Five shape...

... granulosa U Eccyliopterus vagrans L Pholidops trentonensis r U Eccyliomphalus proclivis r L Rafinesquina alternata Pterotheca attenuata Rafinesquina minnesotensis r Orthoceras lesueuri U Camarella varians r L Cameroceras proteiforme Camarotoechia pristina L Am pyx sp. U...

... ledge at top of zone, fine-grained, gray thinner beds below. Beds 1–3 inches thick. Climacograptus lorrainensis Ruedemann, Diplograptus nexus Ruedemann, D. recurrens Ruedemann, Glossograptus quadrimucronatus Hall, Leptaena unicostata Meek and Worthen, Rafinesquina alternata (Emmons...

...Figure 1. Distributions of strophomenide outline length (SOL) for four Liberty species. Species distributions, from left to right, represent Eochonetes (Thaerodonta) clarksvillensis , Leptaena richmondensis , Strophomena planumbona , and Rafinesquina alternata , respectively (brachiopods...

...Figure 2 —Socket plates and pads. Detail of transverse serial sections of the dorsal valve showing cardinal process and socket. All scale bars are 1 mm. 1 , Nasutimena fluctuosa , GSC 113842. 2 , Strophomena planumbona , GSC 113845. 3 , Coolinia gamachiana , GSC 113858. 4 , Rafinesquina...

... extremely rare taxa from distorting the ordinations. Seven biofacies are present in the C1 sequence ( Fig. 4 , right; see Supplementary Data 2 1 for complete compositions of all biofacies): (1) Dalmanella , (2) Dalmanella – ramose trepostome , (3) ramose trepostome, (4) Rafinesquina –ramose...

... number of obvious physical constraints on strophomenide function refuting the possibility of valve-snapping, infaunal locomotion as envisioned by Dattilo (2004) . REFERENCES Alexander , R.R. 1975 . Phenotypic lability of the brachiopod Rafinesquina alternata (Ordovician) and its...