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Proterochersis robusta

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Figure 1. . Shell of Proterochersis robusta (State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, SMNS 17561) in anterior (A) and left lateral (B) views. The black curve indicates the reconstructed shell contour where the plastron is obscured by a metal armature. The fitted shell geometry contour has parameter values r  =  0.68, p  =  −0.096, k  =  −0.48. Length of carapace  =  30 cm. This specimen is from the lower Löwenstein Formation (formerly lower Stubensandstein), Norian, Late Triassic, from a “Fleinswerk” at Murrhardt, southern Germany. Schematic relationships of turtles (C) is based on Spinks et al. (2005), Parham et al. (2006), Joyce (2007), Li et al. (2008) and Lyson et al. (2010).

F igure 1. . Shell of Proterochersis robusta (State Museum of Natural Hi...

Published: 01 November 2011
F igure 1. . Shell of Proterochersis robusta (State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, SMNS 17561) in anterior (A) and left lateral (B) views. The black curve indicates the reconstructed shell contour where the plastron is obscured by a metal armature. The fitted shell geometry contour has
Journal Article

Shell geometry and habitat determination in extinct and extant turtles (Reptilia: Testudinata)

Roger B. J. Benson, Gábor Domokos, Peter L. Várkonyi, Robert R. Reisz
Journal: Paleobiology
Published: 01 November 2011
Paleobiology (2011) 37 (4): 547–562.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1666/10052.1
...F igure 1. . Shell of Proterochersis robusta (State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, SMNS 17561) in anterior (A) and left lateral (B) views. The black curve indicates the reconstructed shell contour where the plastron is obscured by a metal armature. The fitted shell geometry contour has...
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Journal Article

Evolution and palaeoecology of early turtles: a review based on recent discoveries in the Middle Jurassic

Jérémy Anquetin
Published: 01 May 2011
Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (2011) 182 (3): 231–240.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.182.3.231
... , Proterochersis robusta , Kayentachelys aprix and meiolaniids) were terrestrial forms. At least two out of the five recently described early turtles have been convincingly interpreted as having aquatic habits: Odontochelys semitestacea and Eileanchelys waldmani . More investigation is needed...
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Journal Article

Middle Jurassic turtles from the Sichuan Basin, China: a review

HAIYAN TONG, IGOR DANILOV, YONG YE, HUI OUYANG, GUANGZHAO PENG
Published: 04 November 2011
Geological Magazine (2012) 149 (4): 675–695.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756811000859
..., 2004 ); Proganochelys quenstedti Baur, 1887 ; Proterochersis robusta Fraas, 1913 (Gaffney, 1990 ); Siamochelys peninsularis Tong, Buffetaut & Suteethorn, 2002 (Tong, Buffetaut & Suteethorn, 2002 ); Xinjiangchelys junggarensis , X. chowi , X. qiquensis , X . tianshanensis (Ye...
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Figure 2. 1, Splitting events through time for the major clades of Testudines, based on Gaffney and Jenkins (2010) considering Proterochersis robusta as the most basal representative of Pleurodira; 2–3, dispersal pathways and paleobiogeographical distribution of podocnemidoids plotted on paleoreconstruction templates downloaded from the Paleobiology Database on 19 June, 2010: 2, Early Cretaceous: A, Podocnemidoid incertae sedis, Valanginian, Colombia (this study); B, Podocnemidoid, Barremian, Brazil (Gallo et al., 2009); C, Brasilemys josaiLapparent de Broin (2000) Albian, Brazil, Cearachelys placidoiGaffney et al. (2001a) Albian, Brazil; 3, Late Cretaceous: D, Rosasia soutoiCarrington da Costa (1940) Late Campanian-Maastrichtian, Portugal; E, cf. ElochelysPerez et al. (2009) Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian, Spain; F, Foxemys mechinorumTong et al. (1998) Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian, France, Polysternon provincialeMatheron (1869) Campanian, France, Elochelys convenarumLaurent et al. (2002) Late Maastrichtian, France; G, Galianemys emringeri and G. whiteiGaffney et al. (2002) Cenomanian, Morocco; H, Bothremys arabicus Gaffney at al. (2006) Santonian, Jordan; I. Zolhafah bellaLapparent de Broin and Werner (1998) Maastrichtian, Egypt, Arenila krebsiLapparent de Broin and Werner (1998) Maastrichtian, Egypt; J. Nigeremys giganteanBergounioux and Crouzel (1968) Maastrichtian, Niger; K. Kurmademys kallamedensisGaffney et al. (2001b), Maasctrichtian, India; Sankuchemys sethnaiGaffney et al. (2003) Maasctrichtian, India; Podocnemdidae indet and Bothremydidae indet. Lapparent de Broin et al. (2009) Maastrichtian, India, Shweboemys pisdurensisJain (1986), Maastrichtian, India; L. cf. ErymnochelysGaffney and Forster (2003) Maastrichtian, Madagascar, Bothremydidae gen. et sp. indet. Gaffney and Forster (2003) Maastrichtian, Madagascar, Kinkonychelys rogersiGaffney et al. (2009b) Maastrichtian, Madagascar; M. Bothremys cookiLeidy (1856) Maastrichtian, New Jersey, U.S.A.; N. Bothremydina indeterminate Gaffney et al. (2009) Campanian, North Carolina, U.S.A., Bothremys sp. Gaffney et al. (2009) Campanian, North Carolina, U.S.A., Chedighaii sp. Gaffney et al. (2009) Campanian, North Carolina, U.S.A.; O. Chedighaii barberiSchmidt (1940) Campanian, Arkansas, U.S.A.; P. Chedighaii hutchisoniGaffney et al. (2006) Late Campanian, New Mexico, U.S.A.; R. Cambaremys langertoniFrança and Langer (2005) Maastrichtian, Brazil; S. Bauremys elegansSuarez (1969), Bauruemys brasiliensisStaesche (1937), Roxochelys harrisiPacheco (1913) Turonian-Maastrichtian, Brazil; T. Portezueloemys patagonicaDe La Fuente (2003) Late Turonian-Early Coniacian, Argentina. Light gray represents continental platform, black arrows potential pathways for dispersal.

F igure 2. 1, Splitting events through time for the major clades of Test...

Published: 01 September 2011
F igure 2. 1, Splitting events through time for the major clades of Testudines, based on Gaffney and Jenkins (2010) considering Proterochersis robusta as the most basal representative of Pleurodira; 2–3, dispersal pathways and paleobiogeographical distribution of podocnemidoids plotted
Journal Article

The parabasisphenoid complex in Mesozoic turtles and the evolution of the testudinate basicranium

Juliana Sterli, Johannes Müller, Jérémy Anquetin, André Hilger
Published: 08 October 2010
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2010) 47 (10): 1337–1346.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/E10-061
... vacuity would occur two times: along the branch that leads to total group Pleurodira (condition unknown in Proterochersis robusta ) and as a synapomorphy of the clade uniting all cryptodires more derived than Kayentachelys aprix. The expansion of the parasphenoid ventral to the basisphenoid would occur...
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Journal Article

A Divergence Dating Analysis of Turtles Using Fossil Calibrations: An Example of Best Practices

Walter G. Joyce, James F. Parham, Tyler R. Lyson, Rachel C. M. Warnock, Philip C. J. Donoghue
Published: 01 July 2013
Journal of Paleontology (2013) 87 (4): 612–634.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1666/12-149
... these circumstances we used unambiguous characters to diagnose fragmentary remains. To avoid biasing results in favor of a particular worldview, including our own, we consciously avoided using contentious fossils. For instance, the Late Triassic fossil Proterochersis robusta Fraas, 1913 has been argued...
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Journal Article

Potential Earliest Record of Podocnemidoid Turtles from the Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) of Colombia

Edwin A. Cadena
Published: 01 September 2011
Journal of Paleontology (2011) 85 (5): 877–881.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1666/10-097.1
...F igure 2. 1, Splitting events through time for the major clades of Testudines, based on Gaffney and Jenkins (2010) considering Proterochersis robusta as the most basal representative of Pleurodira; 2–3, dispersal pathways and paleobiogeographical distribution of podocnemidoids plotted...
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Journal Article

Marine turtles from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada

Donald B. Brinkman, Michael Densmore, Márton Rabi, Michael J. Ryan, David C. Evans
Published: 05 August 2015
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2015) 52 (8): 581–589.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0189
...) . Comptes Rendus Palevol , 8 : 447 – 459 . 10.1016/j.crpv.2009.03.002 . Joyce , W.G. Schoch , R.R. Lyson , T.R. 2013 . The girdles of the oldest fossil turtle, Proterochersis robusta , and the age of the turtle crown . BMC Evolutionary Biology , 13 : 266 . 10.1186/1471-2148-13...
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Journal Article

DEVELOPING A PROTOCOL FOR THE CONVERSION OF RANK-BASED TAXON NAMES TO PHYLOGENETICALLY DEFINED CLADE NAMES, AS EXEMPLIFIED BY TURTLES

WALTER G. JOYCE, JAMES F. PARHAM, JACQUES ARMAND GAUTHIER
Published: 01 September 2004
Journal of Paleontology (2004) 78 (5): 989–1013.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1666/0022-3360(2004)078<0989:DAPFTC>2.0.CO;2
... contains two primary crown clades, Pleurodira and Cryptodira (see below, Fig. 3 ), which combine for a known extant diversity of approximately 289 species (Appendices 2–10). The oldest representative of Testudines is currently thought to be Proterochersis robusta , a putative panpleurodire from...
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