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![Pinus mundayi (all images of holotype NSM016GF004.001 [Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax, Canada], except D, NSM016GF004.004) from the Cretaceous (Valanginian) of Nova Scotia, Canada. A: Lateral view of long-shoot showing helically arranged short-shoot bases (ss) and prominent fire cracks (fc); scale: 2 mm. B: Cross-section of long-shoot showing stellate pith (pi), short-shoot traces (sst), secondary xylem (sx), and fire cracks (fc); transverse, scale: 400 µm. C: Detail from B showing pith (pi), endarch primary xylem patches (arrows), short shoot traces (sst), and axial resin ducts (ard, arrow); transverse, scale: 150 µm. D: Growth ring boundary (grb) in secondary xylem (sx); transverse, scale: 250 µm. E: Cross-section of axial resin duct (ard) and its epithelial cells (ec) in secondary xylem (sx); transverse, scale: 30 µm. F: Detail from D showing thin-walled epithelial cells (ec) of an axial resin duct (ard). Adjacent cells include thin-walled parenchyma (p) and thick-walled tracheids (tr) for comparison; also note absence of wall layering in tracheid cell walls, a characteristic of charcoal; transverse, scale: 15 µm. G: Longitudinal section of axial resin duct (ard) in secondary xylem (sx); radial longitudinal, scale: 100 µm. H: Cross-section through distal part of short-shoot base showing diverging secondary xylem bundles (sx) of two needle bases, and fire cracks (fc); transverse, scale: 250 µm. I: Outer edge of secondary xylem (sx) and phloem (ph) containing axial resin duct (ard, arrow); transverse, scale: 75 µm. J: Radial resin duct (rrd) with epithelial cells (ec) within fusiform ray (fr); epithelial cells are thin walled but coated with volatile residue; oblique tangential longitudinal, scale: 25 µm. K: Short, uniseriate rays in secondary xylem close to pith; tangential longitudinal, scale: 75 µm. L: Cross-section through proximal part of short-shoot base showing pith (pi) and concentric secondary xylem (sx) cylinder with axial resin ducts (ard, arrow); transverse, scale: 250 µm. M: Circular, uniseriate, bordered pits in secondary xylem; radial longitudinal, scale: 25 µm. N: Fenestriform to pinoid cross-field pitting in secondary xylem; radial longitudinal, scale: 50 µm.]()
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Journal Article
Reaffirming Pinus mundayi as the oldest known pine fossil: REPLY Open Access
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 August 2016
Geology (2016) 44 (8): e402.
...Howard J. Falcon-Lang; Viola Mages; Margaret Collinson © 2016 Geological Society of America 2016 Forum Reply doi:10.1130/G38240Y.1 Reaffirming Pinus mundayi as the oldest known pine fossil Howard J. Falcon-Lang1, Viola Mages1, and Margaret Collinson1 1Department of Earth Sciences, Royal...
Image
![Pinus mundayi (all images of holotype NSM016GF004.001 [Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax, Canada], except D, NSM016GF004.004) from the Cretaceous (Valanginian) of Nova Scotia, Canada. A: Lateral view of long-shoot showing helically arranged short-shoot bases (ss) and prominent fire cracks (fc); scale: 2 mm. B: Cross-section of long-shoot showing stellate pith (pi), short-shoot traces (sst), secondary xylem (sx), and fire cracks (fc); transverse, scale: 400 µm. C: Detail from B showing pith (pi), endarch primary xylem patches (arrows), short shoot traces (sst), and axial resin ducts (ard, arrow); transverse, scale: 150 µm. D: Growth ring boundary (grb) in secondary xylem (sx); transverse, scale: 250 µm. E: Cross-section of axial resin duct (ard) and its epithelial cells (ec) in secondary xylem (sx); transverse, scale: 30 µm. F: Detail from D showing thin-walled epithelial cells (ec) of an axial resin duct (ard). Adjacent cells include thin-walled parenchyma (p) and thick-walled tracheids (tr) for comparison; also note absence of wall layering in tracheid cell walls, a characteristic of charcoal; transverse, scale: 15 µm. G: Longitudinal section of axial resin duct (ard) in secondary xylem (sx); radial longitudinal, scale: 100 µm. H: Cross-section through distal part of short-shoot base showing diverging secondary xylem bundles (sx) of two needle bases, and fire cracks (fc); transverse, scale: 250 µm. I: Outer edge of secondary xylem (sx) and phloem (ph) containing axial resin duct (ard, arrow); transverse, scale: 75 µm. J: Radial resin duct (rrd) with epithelial cells (ec) within fusiform ray (fr); epithelial cells are thin walled but coated with volatile residue; oblique tangential longitudinal, scale: 25 µm. K: Short, uniseriate rays in secondary xylem close to pith; tangential longitudinal, scale: 75 µm. L: Cross-section through proximal part of short-shoot base showing pith (pi) and concentric secondary xylem (sx) cylinder with axial resin ducts (ard, arrow); transverse, scale: 250 µm. M: Circular, uniseriate, bordered pits in secondary xylem; radial longitudinal, scale: 25 µm. N: Fenestriform to pinoid cross-field pitting in secondary xylem; radial longitudinal, scale: 50 µm.](https://gsw.silverchair-cdn.com/gsw/Content_public/Journal/geology/44/4/10.1130_G37526.1/3/s_303fig1.png?Expires=2147483647&Signature=Z6zeJcbCLUoGu9FhMV3V74t0~O30WpTC~KwAL1M2meO9-I0lB3hu--J2Zb81uGZrKodsvXx3Qrj2HsYCxuX7OXfY0vdRID~lWDbxWeTlbZITIDSJh3T-dbN-L-8rLEyLuHUAb5y0f4Jm8rmz8tgehdwR4KnIc0OqAr7RrmINc9e6ylfjUejw-N6yD4JGKnjaJyu~vLFc8Bk7XM5sak1YVFJVpWfKE5YMFl8R7~PsCMVqeYZL2~L2tyjj31GGCkrlxAWww~efEjvVfRRYeqAUoG88MLXYE5k8gKU5R9VhXn89wowK8TymWtr1TktEVP0ieQoNCYxvxaohybygiTRx6Q__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
Pinus mundayi (all images of holotype NSM016GF004.001 [Nova Scotia Museum,... Available to Purchase
Published: 01 April 2016
Figure 1. Pinus mundayi (all images of holotype NSM016GF004.001 [Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax, Canada], except D, NSM016GF004.004) from the Cretaceous (Valanginian) of Nova Scotia, Canada. A: Lateral view of long-shoot showing helically arranged short-shoot bases (ss) and prominent fire cracks
Journal Article
The oldest Pinus and its preservation by fire Available to Purchase
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 April 2016
Geology (2016) 44 (4): 303–306.
...Figure 1. Pinus mundayi (all images of holotype NSM016GF004.001 [Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax, Canada], except D, NSM016GF004.004) from the Cretaceous (Valanginian) of Nova Scotia, Canada. A: Lateral view of long-shoot showing helically arranged short-shoot bases (ss) and prominent fire cracks...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Age and identity of the oldest pine fossils: COMMENT Open Access
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 August 2016
Geology (2016) 44 (8): e400–e401.
... 4Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA In their study of charred conifer twigs from the Lower Cretaceous Chaswood Formation of Canada, Falcon-Lang et al. (2016) established the species Pinus mundayi that they interpreted as a two needled pine and the oldest...
