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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
Southern Africa
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South Africa
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Northern Cape Province South Africa (1)
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Sutherland South Africa (1)
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Antarctica (1)
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Arctic region (1)
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Asia
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Far East
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Borneo
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Kalimantan Indonesia (1)
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China
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Inner Mongolia China (2)
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Indonesia
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Japan
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Hokkaido (1)
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Mongolia (1)
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Middle East
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Iran (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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Australasia
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Australia
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Curnamona Province (1)
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South Australia
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Gawler Craton (1)
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Western Australia
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Kambalda Australia (1)
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Yilgarn (1)
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New Zealand
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Otago Schist (1)
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Torlesse Terrane (1)
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Black Hills (2)
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Burro Mountain (1)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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Nova Scotia (1)
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Prince Edward Island (1)
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Nunavut
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Sverdrup Basin (1)
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Sverdrup Islands
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Axel Heiberg Island (1)
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Queen Elizabeth Islands
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Sverdrup Basin (1)
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Sverdrup Islands
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Western Canada
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British Columbia
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Manitoba
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Caribbean region
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Western Europe
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Mexico
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Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (1)
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North America
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Basin and Range Province
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Great Basin (2)
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Canadian Shield
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Lake Superior region (1)
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Oceania
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Pacific Ocean
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North Pacific
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Permian Basin (4)
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South America
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Argentina
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Brazil
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Chile (3)
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Peru (2)
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South Island (1)
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United States
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Arizona
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Cochise County Arizona (5)
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Gila County Arizona
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Sierra Ancha (2)
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Tonto Basin (2)
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Graham County Arizona (5)
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Greenlee County Arizona (1)
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Maricopa County Arizona
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Pima County Arizona
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Rincon Mountains (4)
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California
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Cheyenne Belt (1)
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Colorado
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Wet Mountains (1)
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Colorado Plateau (2)
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Connecticut
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Hartford County Connecticut (1)
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Midcontinent (1)
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Mojave Desert (2)
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Montana
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Silver Bow County Montana
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Nevada
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Clark County Nevada
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Las Vegas Nevada (1)
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Elko County Nevada (1)
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New Mexico
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Dona Ana County New Mexico (2)
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Hidalgo County New Mexico (1)
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Los Alamos County New Mexico
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Los Alamos National Laboratory (1)
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Luna County New Mexico
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Florida Mountains (1)
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Pajarito Plateau (1)
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San Juan County New Mexico (1)
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Taos County New Mexico
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Questa Caldera (1)
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Oregon (1)
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Southwestern U.S. (6)
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Texas
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Cochran County Texas (1)
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Crane County Texas (1)
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Hockley County Texas (1)
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Upton County Texas (1)
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West Texas (1)
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Winkler County Texas (1)
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U. S. Rocky Mountains
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San Juan Mountains (1)
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Sangre de Cristo Mountains (1)
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Sawatch Range (1)
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Wet Mountains (1)
-
-
Utah
-
Beaver County Utah (1)
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Bingham mining district (1)
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Salt Lake County Utah
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Bingham Utah (1)
-
-
-
Virgin River valley (1)
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Western U.S. (5)
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Wyoming (1)
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Yavapai Province (5)
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West Pacific Ocean Islands
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Loyalty Islands (1)
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White River (1)
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Yucatan Peninsula (1)
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Zealandia (1)
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commodities
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construction materials
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cement materials (1)
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energy sources (5)
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metal ores
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arsenic ores (1)
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chromite ores (1)
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cobalt ores (1)
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copper ores (28)
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gold ores (8)
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lead ores (5)
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lead-zinc deposits (4)
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manganese ores (1)
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molybdenum ores (10)
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nickel ores (1)
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polymetallic ores (2)
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silver ores (5)
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zinc ores (5)
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mineral deposits, genesis (18)
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mineral exploration (17)
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mineral resources (2)
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petroleum
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natural gas (5)
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water resources (1)
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (2)
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chemical elements (1)
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halogens
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fluorine (2)
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hydrogen
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D/H (3)
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isotope ratios (15)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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Be-10 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
C-13/C-12 (2)
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Cu-65 (1)
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D/H (3)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (2)
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O-18/O-16 (4)
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Os-188/Os-187 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (6)
-
-
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metals
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actinides
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thorium (2)
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alkali metals
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sodium (3)
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alkaline earth metals
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barium (1)
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beryllium
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Be-10 (1)
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calcium (2)
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magnesium (1)
-
strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (6)
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aluminum (1)
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chromium (2)
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cobalt (3)
-
copper
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Cu-65 (1)
-
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gold (2)
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iron (2)
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (2)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-206 (1)
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manganese (7)
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mercury (1)
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nickel (2)
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niobium (1)
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platinum group
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osmium
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Os-188/Os-187 (1)
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platinum (1)
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precious metals (1)
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rare earths
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lanthanum (1)
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (2)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
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samarium
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
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ytterbium (1)
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silver (1)
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titanium (1)
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zinc (4)
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noble gases
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helium (1)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (4)
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selenium (1)
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sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (1)
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trace metals (1)
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fossils
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bacteria
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Bacillus (1)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Pisces
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Osteichthyes
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Actinopterygii
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Teleostei
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Cyprinidae (1)
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Tetrapoda
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Amphibia (1)
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Reptilia (1)
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fungi (1)
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Insecta
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Pterygota
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Neoptera
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Endopterygota
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Diptera (1)
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Mollusca
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea
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Ammonites (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera
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Fusulinina (1)
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microfossils
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palynomorphs
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Plantae
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Spermatophyta
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Glossopteridales
-
Glossopteris
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Glossopteris flora (1)
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Pteridospermae (1)
-
-
-
-
-
geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (1)
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Ar/Ar (4)
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fission-track dating (1)
-
K/Ar (1)
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optical mineralogy (1)
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paleomagnetism (2)
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Sm/Nd (1)
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thermochronology (2)
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tree rings (1)
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-
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geologic age
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Anthropocene (1)
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lower Cenozoic (1)
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middle Cenozoic (1)
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Quaternary
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upper Holocene (1)
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Pleistocene (3)
-
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Miocene
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lower Miocene (1)
-
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Pliocene
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upper Pliocene (1)
-
-
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Paleogene
-
Eocene (1)
-
lower Paleogene (1)
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Oligocene (7)
-
Paleocene
-
Nacimiento Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Lake Bonneville (1)
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Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
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Valanginian (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
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Campanian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
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Lower Jurassic
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Toarcian (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
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Bajocian (1)
-
Bathonian (2)
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Callovian (2)
-
-
Norphlet Formation (1)
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Oxford Clay (1)
-
Upper Jurassic
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Oxfordian (2)
-
-
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic
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Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
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Middle Triassic (1)
-
Upper Triassic
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Carnian
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Ischigualasto Formation (1)
-
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Chinle Formation (1)
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Mercia Mudstone (1)
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian (2)
-
Carboniferous
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Mississippian
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Middle Mississippian (1)
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Upper Mississippian (1)
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Pennsylvanian (3)
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Devonian (1)
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Ordovician (1)
-
Permian
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Guadalupian
-
Grayburg Formation (1)
-
Queen Formation (1)
-
Seven Rivers Formation (1)
-
Tansill Formation (1)
-
-
Lower Permian (1)
-
Upper Permian
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (1)
-
Salado Formation (1)
-
-
Yates Formation (1)
-
-
Supai Formation (1)
-
-
Precambrian
-
Archean (2)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Apache Group (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic (3)
-
Paleoproterozoic (10)
-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
-
diabase (3)
-
diorites
-
quartz diorites (1)
-
tonalite (3)
-
-
gabbros (1)
-
granites (7)
-
granodiorites (3)
-
ultramafics (1)
-
-
porphyry (1)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (1)
-
basalts
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (1)
-
ocean-island basalts (1)
-
-
pyroclastics
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ash-flow tuff (1)
-
ignimbrite (3)
-
tuff (1)
-
-
rhyolites (2)
-
-
-
ophiolite (2)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
cataclasites (1)
-
eclogite (1)
-
gneisses
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orthogneiss (1)
-
-
hornfels (1)
-
metaigneous rocks (1)
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metasedimentary rocks (4)
-
metasomatic rocks
-
greisen (1)
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skarn (3)
-
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metavolcanic rocks (2)
-
mylonites (2)
-
quartzites (2)
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schists (3)
-
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ophiolite (2)
-
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minerals
-
carbonates
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calcite (2)
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cerussite (3)
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dolomite (1)
-
leadhillite (3)
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phosgenite (1)
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rhodochrosite (1)
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thaumasite (1)
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witherite (1)
-
-
chromates
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hemihedrite (2)
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copper minerals (2)
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
atacamite (1)
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bideauxite (1)
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phosgenite (1)
-
-
fluorides
-
bideauxite (1)
-
fluorite (2)
-
-
-
manganese minerals (4)
-
minerals (2)
-
molybdates
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wulfenite (2)
-
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native elements (1)
-
organic minerals (1)
-
oxides
-
baddeleyite (1)
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birnessite (8)
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buserite (1)
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ferrihydrite (1)
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groutite (1)
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hematite (2)
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hollandite (1)
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hydroxides (1)
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ilmenite (1)
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magnetite (2)
-
manganese oxides (13)
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manganite (1)
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nsutite (1)
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pyrolusite (2)
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ramsdellite (2)
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rancieite (3)
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todorokite (3)
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vernadite (5)
-
-
phosphates
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apatite (1)
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monazite (1)
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xenotime (1)
-
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selenates (1)
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
hornblende (1)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
diopside (1)
-
-
-
tobermorite (1)
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
K-feldspar (1)
-
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
braunite (1)
-
garnet group
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andradite (1)
-
grossular (1)
-
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thaumasite (1)
-
zircon group
-
zircon (16)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
epidote (1)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chlorite (4)
-
-
clay minerals
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chrysocolla (1)
-
-
mica group
-
biotite (1)
-
muscovite (3)
-
-
talc (1)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
barite (2)
-
brochantite (1)
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chalcanthite (1)
-
leadhillite (3)
-
thaumasite (1)
-
-
sulfides
-
bornite (1)
-
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-
copper sulfides (3)
-
iron sulfides (2)
-
pyrite (2)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (21)
-
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Pinales
GEOLOGY OF A RHYOLITE PLUG, PINAL COUNTY, ARIZONA
Supergene copper mineralization at the Lakeshore Mine, Pinal County, Arizona
The Petrology and Structure of the El Pinal Tonalite, Baja California, Mexico
Subsidence at San Manuel Copper Mine, Pinal County, Arizona
Abstract The phenomenon of subsidence has plagued the mining industry for centuries. Although subsidence is directly caused by withdrawal of ore from underground workings, the particular combination of rock type, geologic structure, and method of mining at the site is responsible for the physical character of subsidence appearing at the surface. Continued mining of porphyry copper ores at the San Manuel Mine for ten years has resulted in the formation of three large subsidence pits in a wedge-shaped caprock of Tertiary conglomerates. The pits have a total surface area exceeding 160 acres. Peripheral growth of the pits is controlled by the geologic structure and engineering properties of the caprock and of the ore body, as well as by the relative location of caved blocks and rate of withdrawal of ore. Specific items of interest at the site are numerous subparallel faults, a definite pattern of advancing ground fractures, and well-defined units of mass wastage within the pits. The study has shown that there are definite relationships between geologic structure in the area and the growth and configuration of the subsidence pits.