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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Afar (1)
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East Africa
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Ethiopia
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Kenya
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Egypt
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Vaal River (1)
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Zimbabwe
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Quebec
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Caribbean region
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Russian Federation
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Indian Ocean
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Reptilia
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Diapsida
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Archosauria
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cyanobacteria (2)
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Invertebrata
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Podocopida
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Insecta
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Hymenoptera (5)
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Trilobitomorpha
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Plantae
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Tertiary
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Neogene
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Bidahochi Formation (2)
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Miocene
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Paleogene
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Paleocene
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Danian (1)
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K-T boundary (1)
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Sespe Formation (2)
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upper Cenozoic
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Pico Formation (1)
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Coal Measures (1)
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Lake Bonneville (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Dakota Formation (1)
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Hue Shale (2)
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian (1)
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Torok Formation (1)
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Middle Cretaceous
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Winton Formation (1)
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Nanushuk Group (2)
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Qingshankou Formation (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Franciscan Complex (1)
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Jurassic
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Aztec Sandstone (1)
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Kingak Shale (3)
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Lower Jurassic (4)
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Summerville Formation (1)
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San Rafael Group (2)
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Upper Jurassic
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Brushy Basin Member (1)
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Morrison Formation (2)
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Kayenta Formation (1)
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lower Mesozoic (1)
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McHugh Complex (1)
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Navajo Sandstone (5)
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Orocopia Schist (3)
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Triassic
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Anisian (1)
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Moenkopi Formation (2)
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Shublik Formation (7)
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Upper Triassic
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Chinle Formation (2)
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Mercia Mudstone (1)
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Norian (1)
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Sag River Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic
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Yixian Formation (1)
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Wingate Sandstone (1)
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Paleozoic
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Berea Sandstone (1)
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Carboniferous
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Middle Mississippian
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Upper Mississippian
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Meramecian
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Salem Limestone (1)
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Namurian (1)
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Pennsylvanian
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Middle Pennsylvanian
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Atokan
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Atoka Formation (1)
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Paradox Formation (1)
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-
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Upper Carboniferous
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Millstone Grit (1)
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Westphalian (1)
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-
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Devonian
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Beaverhill Lake Group (2)
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Keg River Formation (1)
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Lower Devonian
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Middle Devonian
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Elk Point Group (2)
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Prairie Evaporite (1)
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Upper Devonian
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Frasnian
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Leduc Formation (1)
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Ellis Bay Formation (1)
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Endicott Group (1)
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Honaker Trail Formation (1)
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Lisburne Group (2)
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lower Paleozoic (1)
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Ordovician
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Winnipeg Formation (1)
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Upper Ordovician
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Permian
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Echooka Formation (1)
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Upper Permian
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Lopingian
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Zechstein (1)
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Silurian
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Lower Silurian
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Llandovery (1)
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-
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upper Paleozoic (2)
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Wissahickon Formation (1)
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Phanerozoic (2)
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Precambrian
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Archean
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Mesoarchean (2)
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Paleoarchean (1)
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Baltimore Gneiss (1)
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Gunflint Iron Formation (1)
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Kisseynew Complex (1)
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Sokoman Formation (1)
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Stillwater Complex (1)
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Stirling Quartzite (1)
-
upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Athabasca Formation (1)
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Coldbrook Group (1)
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Mesoproterozoic (14)
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Neoproterozoic
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Paleoproterozoic
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porphyry (4)
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basanite (4)
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glasses
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komatiite (1)
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pyroclastics
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-
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ophiolite (8)
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metamorphic rocks
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ophiolite (8)
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turbidite (3)
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meteorites
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meteorites
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stony meteorites
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Martian meteorites
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chassignite (2)
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nakhlite (2)
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shergottite (2)
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-
-
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chondrites
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carbonaceous chondrites (1)
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-
-
-
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minerals
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alloys
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carbides
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moissanite (1)
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-
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arsenates
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mimetite (1)
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carbonates
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calcite (7)
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halides
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hydrates (2)
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native elements
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iron oxides (8)
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wustite (1)
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phosphates
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apatite (14)
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silicates
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pyroxene group
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clinopyroxene (3)
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enstatite (1)
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feldspathoids (1)
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framework silicates
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feldspar group
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plagioclase (2)
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opal
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opal-A (2)
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opal-CT (1)
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quartz (4)
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tridymite (1)
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zeolite group
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analcime (1)
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chabazite (2)
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-
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garnierite (1)
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garnet group
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phenakite group
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titanite group
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zircon group
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zircon (55)
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sorosilicates
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ring silicates
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illite (3)
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mica group
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sericite (2)
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sulfates
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sulfides
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Primary terms
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absolute age (104)
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Africa
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Asia
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bacteria
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bibliography (3)
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carbon
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Caribbean region
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catalogs (1)
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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Paleogene
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Paleocene
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Sespe Formation (2)
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upper Cenozoic
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Rodentia
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Reptilia
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clay mineralogy (3)
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Deep Sea Drilling Project
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IPOD
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Leg 56
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DSDP Site 436 (1)
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Leg 57
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Leg 91
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DSDP Site 595 (1)
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Leg 33
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Leg 35
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Leg 38
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spinel lherzolite (3)
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porphyry (4)
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volcanic rocks
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andesites (9)
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basalts
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basanite (4)
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inclusions
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fluid inclusions (9)
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Indian Ocean
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Red Sea
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Timor Sea
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Indian Ocean Islands
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intrusions (61)
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Invertebrata
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Arthropoda
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Crustacea
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Podocopida
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Cyprididae (1)
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Insecta
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Pterygota
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Hymenoptera (5)
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Trilobitomorpha
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Trilobita (1)
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Brachiopoda
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Articulata
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Orthida (1)
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Inarticulata
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Cnidaria
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Rugosa (1)
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Scleractinia (1)
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Echinodermata
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Asterozoa
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Crinozoa
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Homalozoa
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Mollusca
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Cephalopoda
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Porifera (1)
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Protista
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Foraminifera (2)
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Radiolaria (5)
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Vermes
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Annelida (1)
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isotopes
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Cl-36 (4)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (6)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (4)
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stable isotopes
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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C-13/C-12 (17)
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Cl-37/Cl-35 (2)
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D/H (3)
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Fe-54 (1)
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Fe-56 (1)
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Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
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Fe-57 (1)
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Fe-57/Fe-54 (1)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (6)
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N-15/N-14 (1)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (21)
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O-18/O-16 (18)
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Os-188/Os-187 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (6)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
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S-33/S-32 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (11)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (4)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (26)
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land use (2)
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lava (16)
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lineation (2)
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magmas (38)
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mantle (56)
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maps (2)
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marine geology (1)
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Mediterranean Sea
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Comanchean
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Dakota Formation (1)
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Hue Shale (2)
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian (1)
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Aptian (2)
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Barremian (1)
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Burro Canyon Formation (2)
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Cedar Mountain Formation (1)
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Mowry Shale (1)
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Pebble Shale (1)
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Torok Formation (1)
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Valanginian (1)
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Middle Cretaceous
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Winton Formation (1)
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Nanushuk Group (2)
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Nenjiang Formation (1)
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Qingshankou Formation (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Cenomanian (1)
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K-T boundary (1)
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Maestrichtian (1)
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Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (1)
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-
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Franciscan Complex (1)
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Glen Canyon Group (2)
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Jurassic
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Aztec Sandstone (1)
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Carmel Formation (2)
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Ferrar Group (1)
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Kingak Shale (3)
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Lower Jurassic (4)
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Middle Jurassic
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Aalenian (1)
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Bajocian (1)
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Summerville Formation (1)
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San Rafael Group (2)
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Upper Jurassic
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Brushy Basin Member (1)
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Morrison Formation (2)
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-
-
Kayenta Formation (1)
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lower Mesozoic (1)
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McHugh Complex (1)
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middle Mesozoic (1)
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Navajo Sandstone (5)
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Orocopia Schist (3)
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Triassic
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Middle Triassic
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Anisian (1)
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-
Moenkopi Formation (2)
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Sherwood Sandstone (1)
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Shublik Formation (7)
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Upper Triassic
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Chinle Formation (2)
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Dockum Group (1)
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Mercia Mudstone (1)
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Norian (1)
-
Sag River Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic
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Yixian Formation (1)
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Wingate Sandstone (1)
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Yanshanian (1)
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metal ores
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metals
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alkali metals
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potassium (1)
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rubidium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
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-
-
alkaline earth metals
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beryllium
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Be-10 (1)
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calcium
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Mg/Ca (1)
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magnesium
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Mg/Ca (1)
-
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strontium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (26)
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-
-
antimony (1)
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arsenic (2)
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chromium (2)
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copper (1)
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gold (2)
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hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (6)
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-
iron
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Fe-54 (1)
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Fe-56 (1)
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Fe-56/Fe-54 (1)
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Fe-57 (1)
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Fe-57/Fe-54 (1)
-
ferric iron (3)
-
ferrous iron (1)
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-
lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (6)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (3)
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Pb-207/Pb-206 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (4)
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mercury (1)
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niobium (1)
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Os-188/Os-187 (1)
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platinum (1)
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precious metals (5)
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rare earths
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europium (1)
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (21)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (4)
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samarium
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (4)
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ytterbium (1)
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silver (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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metamorphism (14)
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meteorites
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chondrites
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carbonaceous chondrites (1)
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meteorology (1)
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Mexico
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Michoacan-Guanajuato volcanic field (1)
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Sonora Mexico (7)
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Trans-Mexican volcanic belt (4)
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mineral deposits, genesis (47)
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Moon (3)
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N-15/N-14 (1)
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noble gases
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argon
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Ar-40/Ar-39 (1)
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nodules (1)
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North America
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Appalachian Basin (1)
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Appalachians
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Basin and Range Province
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Great Basin (2)
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Canadian Shield
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Flin Flon Belt (2)
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Superior Province
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Wabigoon Belt (2)
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Cerro Prieto Fault (1)
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Disturbed Belt (1)
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Great Plains
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Intermontane Belt (1)
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Omineca Belt (1)
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Sonoran Desert (2)
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ocean basins (4)
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ocean circulation (3)
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Ocean Drilling Program
-
Leg 178
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ODP Site 1095 (1)
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ODP Site 1096 (1)
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ODP Site 1097 (1)
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ODP Site 1101 (1)
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-
Leg 185
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ODP Site 1149 (1)
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ODP Site 801 (1)
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ocean floors (26)
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ocean waves (1)
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Oceania
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Melanesia
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Polynesia
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Hawaii
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Samoa (1)
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oceanography (1)
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oil and gas fields (7)
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orogeny (22)
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oxygen
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O-18/O-16 (18)
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Pacific Coast (1)
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Pacific Ocean
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Panama Basin (1)
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Southeast Pacific
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Chile Ridge (6)
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Manihiki Plateau (4)
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North Pacific
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Mid-Pacific Mountains (1)
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Northeast Pacific
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Gulf of California
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Guaymas Basin (1)
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Northwest Pacific
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Emperor Seamounts (1)
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Pacific Basin (2)
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Southwest Pacific
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Campbell Plateau (1)
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West Pacific
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Emperor Seamounts (1)
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Ontong Java Plateau (6)
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Pacific region (2)
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Paleozoic
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Berea Sandstone (1)
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Cambrian
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Carboniferous
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Lower Carboniferous (1)
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Mississippian
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Lower Mississippian
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Tournaisian (2)
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Middle Mississippian
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Visean (1)
-
-
Upper Mississippian
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Meramecian
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Salem Limestone (1)
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-
-
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Namurian (1)
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Pennsylvanian
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Middle Pennsylvanian
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Atokan
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Atoka Formation (1)
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Paradox Formation (1)
-
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Millstone Grit (1)
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Westphalian (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
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Beaverhill Lake Group (2)
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Keg River Formation (1)
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Lower Devonian
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Emsian (1)
-
-
Middle Devonian
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Elk Point Group (2)
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Prairie Evaporite (1)
-
-
Upper Devonian
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Frasnian
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Leduc Formation (1)
-
-
-
-
Ellis Bay Formation (1)
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Endicott Group (1)
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Honaker Trail Formation (1)
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Lisburne Group (2)
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lower Paleozoic (1)
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Ordovician
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Lower Ordovician (1)
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Middle Ordovician
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Darriwilian (1)
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Winnipeg Formation (1)
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Upper Ordovician
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Hirnantian (1)
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Trentonian (1)
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-
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Permian
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Echooka Formation (1)
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Lower Permian (5)
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Rotliegendes (1)
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Upper Permian
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Lopingian
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Changhsingian (1)
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Zechstein (1)
-
-
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Silurian
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Lower Silurian
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Llandovery (1)
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-
-
upper Paleozoic (2)
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Wissahickon Formation (1)
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palynomorphs
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Dinoflagellata (1)
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miospores
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pollen (14)
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paragenesis (9)
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petrology (8)
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Plantae
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Chlorophyta
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Spermatophyta
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Angiospermae
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Monocotyledoneae
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Arecidae (2)
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Cyperaceae (1)
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plate tectonics (118)
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pollution (6)
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Precambrian
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Archean
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Mesoarchean (2)
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Paleoarchean (1)
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Baltimore Gneiss (1)
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Gunflint Iron Formation (1)
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Kisseynew Complex (1)
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Sokoman Formation (1)
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Stillwater Complex (1)
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Stirling Quartzite (1)
-
upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Athabasca Formation (1)
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Coldbrook Group (1)
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Hutuo Group (1)
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Keweenawan (1)
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Mesoproterozoic (14)
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Neoproterozoic
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Cryogenian (1)
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Ediacaran (4)
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Sturtian (1)
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Tonian (2)
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Vendian (1)
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Paleoproterozoic
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Birimian (1)
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problematic fossils (1)
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reefs (1)
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remote sensing (12)
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sedimentary rocks
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clastic rocks
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sedimentary structures
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stromatolites (3)
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Phoenix Plate
Day 4: Salome to Phoenix (Plate 2) Available to Purchase
Abstract The day starts with a short trip to the Calcite mine area (Stop S2), a few miles west of Salome at the foot of the Granite Wash Mountains (figs. 13) Figure 15 shows the localized geology around the mine. A general roadlog follows (partly taken from Spencer and others (1990):
A reconstruction is shown of the fragmentation of the Phoenix Plate into th... Available to Purchase
Hypothesis for Cretaceous rifting of east Gondwana caused by subducted slab capture Available to Purchase
Seismic and gravity data reveal Tertiary interplate subduction in the Bellingshausen Sea, southeast Pacific Available to Purchase
Thermal history of the southern Antarctic Peninsula during Cenozoic oblique subduction Open Access
Caribbean structural breaks and plate movements Available to Purchase
The Caribbean Plate was created as the North and South American Plates began to separate about 140 m.y. ago, allowing the Phoenix/Farallon spreading ridge to extend eastward. The Caribbean Plate was separated from the Phoenix/Farallon spreading ridge, about 110-100 m.y. ago, by a subduction zone near present-day Central America, connected by transform faults to the older Greater Antilles subduction zone. Geologic data from the margins of the Caribbean Plate indicate six important discontinuities in the history of the plate. Near the beginning of the Albian (110 m.y. B.P.), northeast-dipping subduction in the Greater Antilles zone may have been blocked by underthrusting of part of the Chortis Block of Central America, causing subduction to flip to southwest-dipping, perhaps followed by the beginning of subduction beneath Central America. A Santonian (85 m.y. B.P.) discontinuity may be the result of thickened oceanic crust formed at the Galapagos hot spot reaching the Central American subduction zone and blocking or modifying subduction. At the beginning of the Tertiary (66 m.y. B.P.), the Caribbean Plate changed its relative motion from northeastward to eastward and began to underthrust northern South America. In the Late Oligocene (27 m.y. B.P.), the Farallon/Phoenix Plate separated into the Nazca and Cocos Plates. The present-day emergence (5-0 m.y. B.P.) has not yet been correlated with plate motion changes. Major changes in plate arrangement and motion are thus reflected in the Caribbean Plate by major geologic discontinuities such as unconformities. Geologic structures along the plate margins are the resultants of the direction of relative plate motion, and of the type of lithosphere. Oblique plate motion produced horizontal slip accompanied by slow subduction without volcanism, by uplift and erosion, or by a combination of processes. Oceanic lithosphere forms relatively simple plate boundaries, as in the Greater Antilles, but continental lithosphere forms complex border zones composed of old structural blocks moving along ancient zones of weakness, as in northern South America.
Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary subduction history of the Antarctic Peninsula Available to Purchase
Mid-Cretaceous tectonic evolution of the Tongareva triple junction in the southwestern Pacific Basin Available to Purchase
Linking Pacific Plate formation and Early Cretaceous metallogenic response on the circum-Pacific continental margins Available to Purchase
Extrapolating Oceanic Age Distributions: Lessons from the Pacific Region Available to Purchase
Extensional deformation and development of deep basins associated with the sinistral transcurrent fault zone of the Scotia–Antarctic plate boundary Available to Purchase
Abstract The Scotia–Antarctic plate boundary extends along the southern branch of the Scotia Arc, between triple junctions with the former Phoenix plate to the west (57°W) and with the Sandwich plate to the east (30°W). The main mechanism responsible for the present arc configuration is the development of the Scotia and Sandwich plates from 30–35 Ma, related to breakup of the continental connection between South America and the Antarctic Peninsula. The Scotia–Antarctic plate boundary is a very complex tectonic zone, because both oceanic and continental elements are involved. Present-day sinistral transcurrent motion probably began 8 Ma ago. The main active structures that we observed in the area include releasing and restraining bends, with related deep extensional and compressional basins, and probable pull-apart basins. The western sector of the plate boundary crosses fragmented continental crust: the Western South Scotia Ridge, with widespread development of pull-apart basins and releasing bends deeper than 5000 m, filled by asymmetrical sedimentary wedges. The northern border of the South Orkney microcontinent, in the central sector, has oceanic and continental crust in contact along a large thrust zone. Finally, the eastern sector of the South Scotia Ridge is located within Discovery Bank, a piece of continental crust from a former arc. On its southern border, strike-slip and normal faults produce a 5500-m-deep trough that may be interpreted as a pull-apart basin. In the eastern and western South Scotia Ridge, despite extreme continental-crustal thinning, the basins show no development of oceanic crust. This geometry is conditioned by the distinctive rheological behaviour of the crust involved, with the bulk concentration of deformation within the rheologically weaker continental blocks.
Bransfield Basin, Antarctic Peninsula: Not a normal backarc basin Available to Purchase
Limestone and chert in tectonic blocks from the Esk Head subterrane, South Island, New Zealand Available to Purchase
Tectonic setting and evolution of the James Ross Basin, northern Antarctic Peninsula Available to Purchase
The upper Mesozoic to lower Cenozoic sequence in the region of James Ross Island is the only exposed marine succession of that age in Antarctica. The sequence makes up part of the fill of the James Ross Basin and includes: (1) an upper Jurassic mudstone-tuff sequence, the Nordenskjöld Formation; (2) a Lower to Upper Cretaceous conglomerate-sandstone-mudstone-tuff assemblage, the Gustav Group and equivalents; (3) an Upper Cretaceous to Paleocene poorly consolidated sand, silt, mud and tuff sequence, the Marambio Group and equivalents; and (4) an Eocene sequence of weakly consolidated, nonvolcanic fine sands and silts—the La Meseta Formation. Sedimentary facies include proximal submarine fans, shelf settings, and deltaic environments. Sea-floor anomaly data from the Pacific Ocean suggest that development of Upper Mesozoic to Cenozoic fore-arc, magmatic arc, and back-arc terrains of the Peninsula resulted from the subduction of the Phoenix Plate until the early Tertiary, and, after reorganization of spreading centers in Late Cretaceous time, subduction of the Aluk Plate. Strata in the James Ross Island region constitute the sedimentary and volcanic fill of an ensialic back-arc basin developed on the Weddell Sea flank of the Antarctic Peninsula. Broad correlations can be made between the strata and evolution of the James Ross Basin, the tectonic and magmatic history of the peninsula, and plate subduction.