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![(Left) NASA’s Perseverance rover combining laser-induced luminescence spectroscopy with LIBS and Raman. Image Courtesy of NASA / Ariel University. (Right) Geologist in a mine, with UV lamp for visual identification of luminescent minerals. Photo: Hugo Gamiño.]()
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![Olivine-bearing rocks in and near the Nili Fossae region of Mars. (A) Digital terrain model (DTM) of Jezero Crater and Nili Planum, with landing site (“x”) and traverse of the Perseverance rover in white. Much of the region is covered in a thin (~1–10 m) layer of olivine-rich rock. (B) Outcrops of olivine-rich basaltic rocks at Jezero Crater (DTM from rover images). (C) Olivine grains from rock in (A) and (B). (D) Layered olivine-rich rock, stratigraphically correlated with rocks in/near Jezero Crater (DTM from orbital data).]()
![Schematic diagram of the SuperCam instrument on board the NASA Perseverance rover. (upper) The mast unit, containing the laser, the telescope, the remote micro-imager (RMI) and the infrared (IR) spectrometer. (lower) The body unit is connected to the mast unit by an optical fiber and contains the ultraviolet (UV), violet (Vio) and transmission (trans.) spectrometers and detectors [demux = demultiplexer]. The instrument has a complete set of calibration targets for each technique, including a diamond for Raman. Modified afterWiens et al. (2016). Image credit LANL/CNES.]()
![(A) Map of the Iceland region in WGS 1984 North Pole LAEA Atlantic projection, showing four hydrovolcanic fields: Reykjanes Volcanic System, Vestmannaeyjar volcanic islands, Western Volcanic Zone, and Veiðivötn Fissure Swarm. (B) Total alkali-versus-silica (TAS) diagram comparing Mars regions with volcanic/volcaniclastic samples from Jezero, Gale, and Gusev craters, and shergottite meteorites to the three Icelandic volcanic sites with available geochemical data: Reykjanes Peninsula Volcanic Field, Vestmannaeyjar Archipelago, and Western Volcanic Zone. Mars regions are fields with solid colors with no outline; Earth volcanic fields are fields with solid colors with either a dashed (no confirmed putative biogenic alteration textures [PBAs]) or bold solid (confirmed PBAs) outline. Gray field with a solid black outline represents the range of compositions of all seven confirmed PBA sites. (C) FeOtotal-versus-SiO2 chart comparing the same regions as in part B. Mars rover data are from the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) on the Spirit rover (Ming et al., 2006; McSween et al., 2006), APXS and ChemCam on the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover (Sautter et al., 2015; Cousin et al., 2017; Berger et al., 2020), and the SuperCam and PIXL instruments on the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover (Allwood and Hurowitz, 2021; Farley et al., 2022; Wiens et al., 2022; Simon et al., 2023). Shergottite data are from Udry et al. (2020) and sources therein. Data sources for Iceland geochemistry are provided in Table 2.]()
![(A) Map of the Iceland region in WGS 1984 North Pole LAEA Atlantic projection, showing four hydrovolcanic fields: Reykjanes Volcanic System, Vestmannaeyjar volcanic islands, Western Volcanic Zone, and Veiðivötn Fissure Swarm. (B) Total alkali-versus-silica (TAS) diagram comparing Mars regions with volcanic/volcaniclastic samples from Jezero, Gale, and Gusev craters, and shergottite meteorites to the three Icelandic volcanic sites with available geochemical data: Reykjanes Peninsula Volcanic Field, Vestmannaeyjar Archipelago, and Western Volcanic Zone. Mars regions are fields with solid colors with no outline; Earth volcanic fields are fields with solid colors with either a dashed (no confirmed putative biogenic alteration textures [PBAs]) or bold solid (confirmed PBAs) outline. Gray field with a solid black outline represents the range of compositions of all seven confirmed PBA sites. (C) FeOtotal-versus-SiO2 chart comparing the same regions as in part B. Mars rover data are from the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) on the Spirit rover (Ming et al., 2006; McSween et al., 2006), APXS and ChemCam on the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover (Sautter et al., 2015; Cousin et al., 2017; Berger et al., 2020), and the SuperCam and PIXL instruments on the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover (Allwood and Hurowitz, 2021; Farley et al., 2022; Wiens et al., 2022; Simon et al., 2023). Shergottite data are from Udry et al. (2020) and sources therein. Data sources for Iceland geochemistry are provided in Table 2.]()
![(A) In situ geologic mapping along the rover traverse at Perseverance Valley, Mars. The linear traces of discontinuities in margins of outcrops strike parallel to the valley floor and at right angles to the crater rim. Base image is Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) ESP_035408_1775. (B) View from the valley floor directed west and upslope toward the rim of Endeavour Crater. Linear discontinuities of outcrop margins bound the north and south margins of the valley. Part of Pancam image mosaic Sol5084B_P2377_1_L257F. fm indicates informal formation.]()
![(left) Color image of the delta in Jezero Crater taken by the High-Resolution Stereo Camera aboard the European Space Agency Mars Express orbiter (ESA/DLR/FU-Berlin). (A–F) Stratigraphic relationships observed in Kodiak butte, which is an isolated erosional remnant of the delta imaged by the Perseverance rover shortly after landing in Jezero Crater. Reproduced from Mangold et al. (2021) with permission from The American Association for the Advancement of Science. Elevation scales are inferred from a digital elevation model and have systematic uncertainties of ±2 m. White boxes indicate regions shown in more detail in other panels. (B), (E) Interpreted line drawings of the main visible beds (blue lines for individual beds and red lines for discontinuities), overlain on the images from (A) and (D). (C) Zoomed image of k1 showing the change in dip from sub-horizontal beds (topsets) to inclined beds (foresets). (F) Zoomed image of the foresets in k3. This unit has a coarse texture with several cobble-size clasts. The erosional truncation of k3 by k4 is labeled.]()
![Potential for extraformational, recycled sediment at the planned Perseverance rover site in Jezero crater, located at 18.6°N, 282.4°W (18.4°N, 77.7°E). C–G are presented at the same scale. (A) Jezero crater and local context. The locations of B–E are indicated. Blue traces indicate inlet valleys (Neretva and Sava); purple trace indicates an outlet valley (Pliva). West of Jezero crater, olivine- and carbonate-bearing rock is cut by Neretva Vallis and Sava Vallis (Goudge et al., 2015). (B) Lithified, deltaic sediment of the “western delta” in Jezero crater. (C) Detailed view of the geomorphic expression of rock cut by Neretva Vallis. (D) Detailed view of the geomorphic expression of rock cut by Sava Vallis. (E) Detailed view of the geomorphic expression of rock cut by Neretva Vallis. (F) Compare with D; detailed view of an outcrop of the fine-grained (largely mudstone) Murray formation in Gale crater; dark-toned materials are windblown sands, and lighter-toned features are blocks of mudstone slightly displaced in outcrop expression. Yellow trace indicates the Curiosity rover traverse; yellow dots indicate locations where the rover parked after each drive; white numbers indicate the sols that bracketed this portion of the traverse. Color inset from Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) shows a dust-coated mudstone surface investigated along this traverse (arrow); the bands are a stair-stepped expression of fine laminae. (G) Compare with E; detailed view of a dust-coated outcrop of the Sheepbed (mudstone) member of the Yellowknife Bay formation in Gale crater (see Schieber et al., 2017). Yellow trace and dots indicate rover traverse through the area between sols 121 and 309. Color inset from MAHLI shows the very fine–grained nature of the mudstone; the larger, lighter-toned objects are dust clumps stirred by the rover’s wire brush tool; the finer, speckled surface illustrates silt-sized grains.]()
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![(A) Map of the North America region in WGS 1984 World Equidistant Cylindrical projection, showing 10 hydrovolcanic fields in Canada and the USA: Tuya Volcanic Field, Wells Gray–Clearwater Volcanic Field, Fort Rock Volcanic Field, Western Snake River Plain Volcanic Field, Lake Tahoe, Black Point/Mono Lake, Upsal Hogback, Black Rock Desert Volcanic Field, Red Hill–Quemado Volcanic Field, and Potrillo Volcanic Field; along with Pinacate Volcanic Field in the Central American region. (B) Total alkali-versus-silica (TAS) diagram comparing Mars regions with volcanic/volcaniclastic samples from Jezero, Gale, and Gusev craters, and Martian shergottite meteorites to half of the North American volcanic fields with available geochemical data: Tuya Volcanic Field, Wells Gray–Clearwater Volcanic Field, Fort Rock Volcanic Field, and Upsal Hogback Volcanic Field. Mars regions are fields with solid colors with no outline; Earth volcanic sites are fields with solid colors with either a dashed (no confirmed putative biogenic alteration textures [PBAs]) or bold solid (confirmed PBAs) outline. Gray field with a solid black outline represents the range of compositions of all seven confirmed PBA sites. (C) FeOtotal-versus-SiO2 chart comparing the same regions as in part B. (D) TAS diagram of the same Mars regions as in part B along with the remainder of the North American volcanic fields: Western Snake River Plain Volcanic Field, Lake Tahoe, Black Point/Mono Lake, Black Rock Desert, and Potrillo Volcanic Field. (E) FeOtotal-versus-SiO2 chart comparing the same regions as in part D. Mars rover data are from the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) on the Spirit rover (Ming et al., 2006; McSween et al., 2006), APXS and ChemCam on the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover (Sautter et al., 2015; Cousin et al., 2017; Berger et al., 2020), and the SuperCam and PIXL instruments on the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover (Allwood and Hurowitz, 2021; Farley et al., 2022; Wiens et al., 2022; Simon et al., 2023). Shergottite data are from Udry et al. (2020) and sources therein. Data sources for North American geochemistry are provided in Table 2.]()
![(A) Map of the North America region in WGS 1984 World Equidistant Cylindrical projection, showing 10 hydrovolcanic fields in Canada and the USA: Tuya Volcanic Field, Wells Gray–Clearwater Volcanic Field, Fort Rock Volcanic Field, Western Snake River Plain Volcanic Field, Lake Tahoe, Black Point/Mono Lake, Upsal Hogback, Black Rock Desert Volcanic Field, Red Hill–Quemado Volcanic Field, and Potrillo Volcanic Field; along with Pinacate Volcanic Field in the Central American region. (B) Total alkali-versus-silica (TAS) diagram comparing Mars regions with volcanic/volcaniclastic samples from Jezero, Gale, and Gusev craters, and Martian shergottite meteorites to half of the North American volcanic fields with available geochemical data: Tuya Volcanic Field, Wells Gray–Clearwater Volcanic Field, Fort Rock Volcanic Field, and Upsal Hogback Volcanic Field. Mars regions are fields with solid colors with no outline; Earth volcanic sites are fields with solid colors with either a dashed (no confirmed putative biogenic alteration textures [PBAs]) or bold solid (confirmed PBAs) outline. Gray field with a solid black outline represents the range of compositions of all seven confirmed PBA sites. (C) FeOtotal-versus-SiO2 chart comparing the same regions as in part B. (D) TAS diagram of the same Mars regions as in part B along with the remainder of the North American volcanic fields: Western Snake River Plain Volcanic Field, Lake Tahoe, Black Point/Mono Lake, Black Rock Desert, and Potrillo Volcanic Field. (E) FeOtotal-versus-SiO2 chart comparing the same regions as in part D. Mars rover data are from the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) on the Spirit rover (Ming et al., 2006; McSween et al., 2006), APXS and ChemCam on the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover (Sautter et al., 2015; Cousin et al., 2017; Berger et al., 2020), and the SuperCam and PIXL instruments on the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover (Allwood and Hurowitz, 2021; Farley et al., 2022; Wiens et al., 2022; Simon et al., 2023). Shergottite data are from Udry et al. (2020) and sources therein. Data sources for North American geochemistry are provided in Table 2.]()
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Image
( L eft ) NASA’s Perseverance rover combining laser-induced luminescence s...
Published: 01 October 2024
( L eft ) NASA’s Perseverance rover combining laser-induced luminescence spectroscopy with LIBS and Raman. I mage C ourtesy of NASA / A riel U niversity . ( R ight ) Geologist in a mine, with UV lamp for visual identification of luminescent minerals. P hoto : H ugo G amiño .
Journal Article
Merging gated frequency-modulated continuous-wave Mars2020 RIMFAX ground-penetrating radar data
Journal: Geophysics
Publisher: Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Published: 14 February 2023
Geophysics (2023) 88 (2): A7–A12.
... collected in the Jezero crater during the Mars2020 mission of the Perseverance rover, showing successful performances and robustness. After selecting data from the entire RIMFAX data set (from SOL 072 to SOL 204) to avoid redundant data due to continuing data acquisition during rover stops based...
FIGURES
| View All (5)
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
High Carbonate Alkalinity Lakes on Mars and their Potential Role in an Origin of Life Beyond Earth
Journal: Elements
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 February 2023
Elements (2023) 19 (1): 37–44.
... and cyanide that are critical for molecular synthesis in the origin of life. While evidence for carbonate-rich Martian lakes remains limited, NASA’s Perseverance rover may reveal clues about the past existence of such waters in Jezero Crater. We highlight two proposed warming scenarios from the recent...
FIGURES
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Image
Olivine-bearing rocks in and near the Nili Fossae region of Mars. ( A ) Dig...
Published: 01 June 2023
Figure 4. Olivine-bearing rocks in and near the Nili Fossae region of Mars. ( A ) Digital terrain model (DTM) of Jezero Crater and Nili Planum, with landing site (“x”) and traverse of the Perseverance rover in white. Much of the region is covered in a thin (~1–10 m) layer of olivine-rich rock
Image
![Schematic diagram of the SuperCam instrument on board the NASA Perseverance rover. (upper) The mast unit, containing the laser, the telescope, the remote micro-imager (RMI) and the infrared (IR) spectrometer. (lower) The body unit is connected to the mast unit by an optical fiber and contains the ultraviolet (UV), violet (Vio) and transmission (trans.) spectrometers and detectors [demux = demultiplexer]. The instrument has a complete set of calibration targets for each technique, including a diamond for Raman. Modified afterWiens et al. (2016). Image credit LANL/CNES.](https://gsw.silverchair-cdn.com/gsw/Content_public/Journal/elements/16/2/10.2138_gselements.16.2.117/1/s_gselements-16-2-117_fig005.png?Expires=2147483647&Signature=YZEwBWmV9CmjhbyQY9-~Vm~YPOnmZM86AKYyBFKUJ~w6FIFse8uFomCsNkylRzzuFcRpLwjPM5mbVfOQq9P8sdMAGk20O3HyLf-31JZZOljnDVHDcO0RHyJ0LOkG3-Cb2Mm1oQfkmDAbOIbUSsYGmMs5CrQrjDu7rhLpL4Y7lqNZ3QCft8cchUGQPHJXgvcsDSYDYSBRmVUcFErRhXzCDnIX5F2JZQKZsYoveVHD45NC5Z52jLZOz9woF8OT2L19PR77y-P2RD-TZdydlPO~cufcxZXQgoZ48ET3hn1t1O~7NXJoD4Lf1dehqyVECgxCudIwSlTtBBujNmKpUGFXPw__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
Schematic diagram of the SuperCam instrument on board the NASA Perseveranc...
in New Trends in Raman Spectroscopy: From High-Resolution Geochemistry to Planetary Exploration
> Elements
Published: 01 April 2020
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the SuperCam instrument on board the NASA Perseverance rover. ( upper ) The mast unit, containing the laser, the telescope, the remote micro-imager (RMI) and the infrared (IR) spectrometer. ( lower ) The body unit is connected to the mast unit by an optical
Image
![(A) Map of the Iceland region in WGS 1984 North Pole LAEA Atlantic projection, showing four hydrovolcanic fields: Reykjanes Volcanic System, Vestmannaeyjar volcanic islands, Western Volcanic Zone, and Veiðivötn Fissure Swarm. (B) Total alkali-versus-silica (TAS) diagram comparing Mars regions with volcanic/volcaniclastic samples from Jezero, Gale, and Gusev craters, and shergottite meteorites to the three Icelandic volcanic sites with available geochemical data: Reykjanes Peninsula Volcanic Field, Vestmannaeyjar Archipelago, and Western Volcanic Zone. Mars regions are fields with solid colors with no outline; Earth volcanic fields are fields with solid colors with either a dashed (no confirmed putative biogenic alteration textures [PBAs]) or bold solid (confirmed PBAs) outline. Gray field with a solid black outline represents the range of compositions of all seven confirmed PBA sites. (C) FeOtotal-versus-SiO2 chart comparing the same regions as in part B. Mars rover data are from the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) on the Spirit rover (Ming et al., 2006; McSween et al., 2006), APXS and ChemCam on the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover (Sautter et al., 2015; Cousin et al., 2017; Berger et al., 2020), and the SuperCam and PIXL instruments on the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover (Allwood and Hurowitz, 2021; Farley et al., 2022; Wiens et al., 2022; Simon et al., 2023). Shergottite data are from Udry et al. (2020) and sources therein. Data sources for Iceland geochemistry are provided in Table 2.](https://gsw.silverchair-cdn.com/gsw/Content_public/Journal/geosphere/20/2/10.1130_GES02712.1/3/s_ges02712_f08-1.png?Expires=2147483647&Signature=TulYUe23bDrDE~OCcxUuUrQ5wz8v~TMeSEzHmg905hxmgy78IqkQ1D08Fxgy~iu~Ck7SyAKAs8HzI2Sj82-afzLRmWpaEjcUll00AASy063ZpyehYD8M1NGJiHBbIhW~XhWfFfRzlhFCWLU0gSxvejtTlU97JIVubzxB7tB4WvteWZeykR4rByyq-6Lg2PZmnK0yOt7CsGYARUqzIBxyxSAbxx2Hlte9rcE~IdjNaaa7I6-WRGFxppIIe~fO0XfL72nI0vptYUAsvgcZOe3eMGl1HSA7AaruWLE1A4is16VJpkAz4mVTzYxzxsROSk2CxNs0iJMGJKqiaFAynHfYBg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
(A) Map of the Iceland region in WGS 1984 North Pole LAEA Atlantic projecti...
in A global database of Mars-relevant hydrovolcanic environments on Earth with potential biosignature preservation
> Geosphere
Published: 11 March 2024
; Cousin et al., 2017 ; Berger et al., 2020 ), and the SuperCam and PIXL instruments on the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover ( Allwood and Hurowitz, 2021 ; Farley et al., 2022 ; Wiens et al., 2022 ; Simon et al., 2023 ). Shergottite data are from Udry et al. (2020) and sources therein. Data sources
Image
![(A) Map of the Iceland region in WGS 1984 North Pole LAEA Atlantic projection, showing four hydrovolcanic fields: Reykjanes Volcanic System, Vestmannaeyjar volcanic islands, Western Volcanic Zone, and Veiðivötn Fissure Swarm. (B) Total alkali-versus-silica (TAS) diagram comparing Mars regions with volcanic/volcaniclastic samples from Jezero, Gale, and Gusev craters, and shergottite meteorites to the three Icelandic volcanic sites with available geochemical data: Reykjanes Peninsula Volcanic Field, Vestmannaeyjar Archipelago, and Western Volcanic Zone. Mars regions are fields with solid colors with no outline; Earth volcanic fields are fields with solid colors with either a dashed (no confirmed putative biogenic alteration textures [PBAs]) or bold solid (confirmed PBAs) outline. Gray field with a solid black outline represents the range of compositions of all seven confirmed PBA sites. (C) FeOtotal-versus-SiO2 chart comparing the same regions as in part B. Mars rover data are from the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) on the Spirit rover (Ming et al., 2006; McSween et al., 2006), APXS and ChemCam on the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover (Sautter et al., 2015; Cousin et al., 2017; Berger et al., 2020), and the SuperCam and PIXL instruments on the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover (Allwood and Hurowitz, 2021; Farley et al., 2022; Wiens et al., 2022; Simon et al., 2023). Shergottite data are from Udry et al. (2020) and sources therein. Data sources for Iceland geochemistry are provided in Table 2.](https://gsw.silverchair-cdn.com/gsw/Content_public/Journal/geosphere/20/2/10.1130_GES02712.1/3/s_ges02712_f08-2.png?Expires=2147483647&Signature=4rYWHZofbaIVHf7EftMsGL5U7lRQdMA25EniRHvwdO-TOmV42pgtLuMEVT2TIoy4haYn~CBVQkq5tUO65RhZnBNUG02LGnK6IbqIJLhwphsDg3xwATwbnYJm2iMPH8ZCYCTZmX4OnCRWqiMkrh4r6ZQZoSJTiobKzlm~f2K4ki~evKzfJl3w9MivArvoeTRmHdmljqIBQwdJuAUYS8xzdujzIg7YvfsOXvxhaZluvvMSTV36wIuuhS4Ie43e7V9ua7iWGBYkuk7bTQQ9vmdbTXLgvh0sIYx44xINRSDPBITUk7N~GaLD9l63Al1c3fTy44BzQBnAVggUJfxBrSDgXg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
(A) Map of the Iceland region in WGS 1984 North Pole LAEA Atlantic projecti...
in A global database of Mars-relevant hydrovolcanic environments on Earth with potential biosignature preservation
> Geosphere
Published: 11 March 2024
; Cousin et al., 2017 ; Berger et al., 2020 ), and the SuperCam and PIXL instruments on the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover ( Allwood and Hurowitz, 2021 ; Farley et al., 2022 ; Wiens et al., 2022 ; Simon et al., 2023 ). Shergottite data are from Udry et al. (2020) and sources therein. Data sources
Image
(A) In situ geologic mapping along the rover traverse at Perseverance Val...
in Results from the first geologic traverse on the topographic rim of a complex impact crater, Endeavour Crater, Mars
> Geology
Published: 17 December 2019
Figure 3. (A) In situ geologic mapping along the rover traverse at Perseverance Valley, Mars. The linear traces of discontinuities in margins of outcrops strike parallel to the valley floor and at right angles to the crater rim. Base image is Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) High Resolution
Image
( left ) Color image of the delta in Jezero Crater taken by the High-Reso...
in High Carbonate Alkalinity Lakes on Mars and their Potential Role in an Origin of Life Beyond Earth
> Elements
Published: 01 February 2023
imaged by the Perseverance rover shortly after landing in Jezero Crater. Reproduced from Mangold et al. (2021) with permission from The American Association for the Advancement of Science. Elevation scales are inferred from a digital elevation model and have systematic uncertainties of ±2 m. White
Image
Potential for extraformational, recycled sediment at the planned Persevera...
Published: 06 October 2020
Figure 19. Potential for extraformational, recycled sediment at the planned Perseverance rover site in Jezero crater, located at 18.6°N, 282.4°W (18.4°N, 77.7°E). C–G are presented at the same scale. (A) Jezero crater and local context. The locations of B–E are indicated. Blue traces indicate
Journal Article
Meet the Authors
Journal: Elements
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 February 2023
Elements (2023) 19 (1): 5–6.
... and planetary sci entist working on the exploration of Mars, the study of modern and ancient Mars analog environments on Earth, and the sedimentary rock record of the Earth s ancient oceans. Dr. Hurowitz is the deputy principal investigator of the PIXL instrument onboard the NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance rover...
Journal Article
Pre- and syn-impact formation of clay minerals at the Ries impact structure, Germany: Implications for clay minerals on Mars
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 28 August 2023
GSA Bulletin (2024) 136 (5-6): 2007–2018.
... and analyses could discern the two sample types. NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover mission is presently investigating its first science campaign and has identified secondary alteration products, including possible clay minerals. Our study suggests that the rover may explore impact-generated clay minerals in situ...
FIGURES
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Image
![(A) Map of the North America region in WGS 1984 World Equidistant Cylindrical projection, showing 10 hydrovolcanic fields in Canada and the USA: Tuya Volcanic Field, Wells Gray–Clearwater Volcanic Field, Fort Rock Volcanic Field, Western Snake River Plain Volcanic Field, Lake Tahoe, Black Point/Mono Lake, Upsal Hogback, Black Rock Desert Volcanic Field, Red Hill–Quemado Volcanic Field, and Potrillo Volcanic Field; along with Pinacate Volcanic Field in the Central American region. (B) Total alkali-versus-silica (TAS) diagram comparing Mars regions with volcanic/volcaniclastic samples from Jezero, Gale, and Gusev craters, and Martian shergottite meteorites to half of the North American volcanic fields with available geochemical data: Tuya Volcanic Field, Wells Gray–Clearwater Volcanic Field, Fort Rock Volcanic Field, and Upsal Hogback Volcanic Field. Mars regions are fields with solid colors with no outline; Earth volcanic sites are fields with solid colors with either a dashed (no confirmed putative biogenic alteration textures [PBAs]) or bold solid (confirmed PBAs) outline. Gray field with a solid black outline represents the range of compositions of all seven confirmed PBA sites. (C) FeOtotal-versus-SiO2 chart comparing the same regions as in part B. (D) TAS diagram of the same Mars regions as in part B along with the remainder of the North American volcanic fields: Western Snake River Plain Volcanic Field, Lake Tahoe, Black Point/Mono Lake, Black Rock Desert, and Potrillo Volcanic Field. (E) FeOtotal-versus-SiO2 chart comparing the same regions as in part D. Mars rover data are from the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) on the Spirit rover (Ming et al., 2006; McSween et al., 2006), APXS and ChemCam on the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover (Sautter et al., 2015; Cousin et al., 2017; Berger et al., 2020), and the SuperCam and PIXL instruments on the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover (Allwood and Hurowitz, 2021; Farley et al., 2022; Wiens et al., 2022; Simon et al., 2023). Shergottite data are from Udry et al. (2020) and sources therein. Data sources for North American geochemistry are provided in Table 2.](https://gsw.silverchair-cdn.com/gsw/Content_public/Journal/geosphere/20/2/10.1130_GES02712.1/3/s_ges02712_f07-2.png?Expires=2147483647&Signature=yRqzXAesiPu5W1LdvLmlyUL-58XJOLwzDgXO0w~56v~dpK-f28wqdffaKRVHwUtn8pl7-JMhpR7xTG11VCBAmRJzHsYhQ2JKmvrolfz9-UToDCz3jkivFFMd3vXcMk9ocLQqk3HpalqK0rSdDZVSnV~ggmxhYRpjU7woKNxi9wfyikyDjhlwhAObqMRtWo7QxsyC9VgD7Zne~X7YXZaMFBTfz7zlN-DZAbE0YYe4qIl9C~vWaAQnWEW4JFsbbHzowvVzmVliikq-kNDaujQBKCASMPdgCuSo6bZvsGk0VIHKC8pi~UKYJ~315G4iMQFGfH4NUzvK2jWZr0ulOsucEA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
(A) Map of the North America region in WGS 1984 World Equidistant Cylindric...
in A global database of Mars-relevant hydrovolcanic environments on Earth with potential biosignature preservation
> Geosphere
Published: 11 March 2024
( Sautter et al., 2015 ; Cousin et al., 2017 ; Berger et al., 2020 ), and the SuperCam and PIXL instruments on the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover ( Allwood and Hurowitz, 2021 ; Farley et al., 2022 ; Wiens et al., 2022 ; Simon et al., 2023 ). Shergottite data are from Udry et al. (2020) and sources
Image
![(A) Map of the North America region in WGS 1984 World Equidistant Cylindrical projection, showing 10 hydrovolcanic fields in Canada and the USA: Tuya Volcanic Field, Wells Gray–Clearwater Volcanic Field, Fort Rock Volcanic Field, Western Snake River Plain Volcanic Field, Lake Tahoe, Black Point/Mono Lake, Upsal Hogback, Black Rock Desert Volcanic Field, Red Hill–Quemado Volcanic Field, and Potrillo Volcanic Field; along with Pinacate Volcanic Field in the Central American region. (B) Total alkali-versus-silica (TAS) diagram comparing Mars regions with volcanic/volcaniclastic samples from Jezero, Gale, and Gusev craters, and Martian shergottite meteorites to half of the North American volcanic fields with available geochemical data: Tuya Volcanic Field, Wells Gray–Clearwater Volcanic Field, Fort Rock Volcanic Field, and Upsal Hogback Volcanic Field. Mars regions are fields with solid colors with no outline; Earth volcanic sites are fields with solid colors with either a dashed (no confirmed putative biogenic alteration textures [PBAs]) or bold solid (confirmed PBAs) outline. Gray field with a solid black outline represents the range of compositions of all seven confirmed PBA sites. (C) FeOtotal-versus-SiO2 chart comparing the same regions as in part B. (D) TAS diagram of the same Mars regions as in part B along with the remainder of the North American volcanic fields: Western Snake River Plain Volcanic Field, Lake Tahoe, Black Point/Mono Lake, Black Rock Desert, and Potrillo Volcanic Field. (E) FeOtotal-versus-SiO2 chart comparing the same regions as in part D. Mars rover data are from the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) on the Spirit rover (Ming et al., 2006; McSween et al., 2006), APXS and ChemCam on the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover (Sautter et al., 2015; Cousin et al., 2017; Berger et al., 2020), and the SuperCam and PIXL instruments on the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover (Allwood and Hurowitz, 2021; Farley et al., 2022; Wiens et al., 2022; Simon et al., 2023). Shergottite data are from Udry et al. (2020) and sources therein. Data sources for North American geochemistry are provided in Table 2.](https://gsw.silverchair-cdn.com/gsw/Content_public/Journal/geosphere/20/2/10.1130_GES02712.1/3/s_ges02712_f07-1.png?Expires=2147483647&Signature=AtBUmG7TqnuAqopYOdBcJs9HNKqt0-f741fZZT0FxO4is-5wVIrqPHMmBJwJPGcP9kqBfa0SYH56TttgMxggEx83yCtuJg3CGYdSPGemGLpuzOWEDJy1Do5XJqRmw9ytcFum8ob0n3ftPmj1Wb43hq9MeyhHugZd~tar6QH5~41sYmNxbje7H2LjQx98GuGG7RcKz5gGGTu3ugmir-w-wbnuXoH~xKzzkoGlidWtubyoZRLxnjbcQwnsYAVKmup5YgJV0HgADqlnZyE3Ur29n17tQHSRziTx6LmalOflwZujd9hOBoyb~EUJYHTGwh1lzR~x9qmc5y~wZxb~ifmH5Q__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
(A) Map of the North America region in WGS 1984 World Equidistant Cylindric...
in A global database of Mars-relevant hydrovolcanic environments on Earth with potential biosignature preservation
> Geosphere
Published: 11 March 2024
( Sautter et al., 2015 ; Cousin et al., 2017 ; Berger et al., 2020 ), and the SuperCam and PIXL instruments on the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover ( Allwood and Hurowitz, 2021 ; Farley et al., 2022 ; Wiens et al., 2022 ; Simon et al., 2023 ). Shergottite data are from Udry et al. (2020) and sources
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New Trends in Raman Spectroscopy: From High-Resolution Geochemistry to Planetary Exploration
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Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
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Elements (2020) 16 (2): 117–122.
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... abundance estimates rather than mineral species determination. Since the arrival of the Perseverance rover to Jezero crater, scientific investigations have focused on two geologic units called the Máaz and the Séítah formations ( Bell et al. 2022 ; Liu et al. 2022 ; Farley et al. 2022 ). The Máaz...
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Publisher: Geological Society of America
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Geosphere (2020) 16 (6): 1508–1537.
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Journal: Elements
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 April 2020
Elements (2020) 16 (2): 84–85.
... carbon and uses that structure as a tracer of geochemical and geological processes. Recently, he has been involved in Mars exploration and became coinvestigator of the SuperCam instrument onboard the NASA Perseverance rover and team member of the ESA Exomars Raman instrument. Robert J. (Bob) Bodnar...
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Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
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False biosignatures on Mars: anticipating ambiguity
Journal: Journal of the Geological Society
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 17 November 2021
Journal of the Geological Society (2022) 179 (2): jgs2021-050.
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