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Pea Ridge Deposit

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Journal Article

Geochemistry, Nd-Pb Isotopes, and Pb-Pb Ages of the Mesoproterozoic Pea Ridge Iron Oxide-Apatite–Rare Earth Element Deposit, Southeast Missouri Available to Purchase

Robert A. Ayuso, John F. Slack, Warren C. Day, Anne E. McCafferty
Journal: Economic Geology
Published: 01 December 2016
Economic Geology (2016) 111 (8): 1935–1962.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.8.1935
... Sm-Nd model ages (T DM ). Major and trace element analyses and Nd and Pb isotope data were obtained to characterize the Pea Ridge deposit, improve identification of exploration targets, and better understand the regional distribution of mineralization with respect to crustal blocks. The Pea Ridge...
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View PDF for article title, Geochemistry, Nd-Pb Isotopes, and Pb-Pb Ages of the Mesoproterozoic <span class="search-highlight">Pea</span> <span class="search-highlight">Ridge</span> Iron Oxide-Apatite–Rare Earth Element <span class="search-highlight">Deposit</span>, Southeast Missouri
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Journal Article

Oxygen, Hydrogen, Sulfur, and Carbon Isotopes in the Pea Ridge Magnetite-Apatite Deposit, Southeast Missouri, and Sulfur Isotope Comparisons to Other Iron Deposits in the Region Available to Purchase

Craig A. Johnson, Warren C. Day, Robert O. Rye
Journal: Economic Geology
Published: 01 December 2016
Economic Geology (2016) 111 (8): 2017–2032.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.8.2017
...Craig A. Johnson; Warren C. Day; Robert O. Rye Abstract Oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and carbon isotopes have been analyzed in the Pea Ridge magnetite-apatite deposit, the largest historic producer among the known iron deposits in the southeast Missouri portion of the 1.5 to 1.3 Ga eastern granite...
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View PDF for article title, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Sulfur, and Carbon Isotopes in the <span class="search-highlight">Pea</span> <span class="search-highlight">Ridge</span> Magnetite-Apatite <span class="search-highlight">Deposit</span>, Southeast Missouri, and Sulfur Isotope Comparisons to Other Iron <span class="search-highlight">Deposits</span> in the Region
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Add to Citation Manager for Oxygen, Hydrogen, Sulfur, and Carbon Isotopes in the <span class="search-highlight">Pea</span> <span class="search-highlight">Ridge</span> Magnetite-Apatite <span class="search-highlight">Deposit</span>, Southeast Missouri, and Sulfur Isotope Comparisons to Other Iron <span class="search-highlight">Deposits</span> in the Region
Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article

Mineralogy, Chemistry, and Fluid-Aided Evolution of the Pea Ridge Fe Oxide-(Y + REE) Deposit, Southeast Missouri, USA Available to Purchase

Daniel E. Harlov, Corey J. Meighan, Ian D. Kerr, Iain M. Samson
Journal: Economic Geology
Published: 01 December 2016
Economic Geology (2016) 111 (8): 1963–1984.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.8.1963
...Daniel E. Harlov; Corey J. Meighan; Ian D. Kerr; Iain M. Samson Abstract The Kiruna-type Pea Ridge iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposit is hosted by a sequence of 1.47 Ga rhyolite tuffs of the St. Francois Mountains, southeast Missouri, USA. It consists of a series of altered zones composed mainly...
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View PDF for article title, Mineralogy, Chemistry, and Fluid-Aided Evolution of the <span class="search-highlight">Pea</span> <span class="search-highlight">Ridge</span> Fe Oxide-(Y + REE) <span class="search-highlight">Deposit</span>, Southeast Missouri, USA
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Journal Article

High Spatial Resolution U-Pb Geochronology and Pb Isotope Geochemistry of Magnetite-Apatite Ore from the Pea Ridge Iron Oxide-Apatite Deposit, St. Francois Mountains, Southeast Missouri, USA Available to Purchase

L. A. Neymark, C. S. Holm-Denoma, A. J. Pietruszka, J. N. Aleinikoff, C. M. Fanning, R. M. Pillers, R. J. Moscati
Journal: Economic Geology
Published: 01 December 2016
Economic Geology (2016) 111 (8): 1915–1933.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.8.1915
...L. A. Neymark; C. S. Holm-Denoma; A. J. Pietruszka; J. N. Aleinikoff; C. M. Fanning; R. M. Pillers; R. J. Moscati Abstract The Pea Ridge iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposit is one of the major rhyolite-hosted magnetite deposits of the St. Francois Mountains terrane, which is located within...
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View PDF for article title, High Spatial Resolution U-Pb Geochronology and Pb Isotope Geochemistry of Magnetite-Apatite Ore from the <span class="search-highlight">Pea</span> <span class="search-highlight">Ridge</span> Iron Oxide-Apatite <span class="search-highlight">Deposit</span>, St. Francois Mountains, Southeast Missouri, USA
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Add to Citation Manager for High Spatial Resolution U-Pb Geochronology and Pb Isotope Geochemistry of Magnetite-Apatite Ore from the <span class="search-highlight">Pea</span> <span class="search-highlight">Ridge</span> Iron Oxide-Apatite <span class="search-highlight">Deposit</span>, St. Francois Mountains, Southeast Missouri, USA
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Journal Article

U-Pb, Re-Os, and Ar/Ar Geochronology of Rare Earth Element (REE)-Rich Breccia Pipes and Associated Host Rocks from the Mesoproterozoic Pea Ridge Fe-REE-Au Deposit, St. Francois Mountains, Missouri Available to Purchase

J. N. Aleinikoff, D. Selby, J. F. Slack, W. C. Day, R. M. Pillers, M. A. Cosca, C. M. Seeger, C. M. Fanning, I. M. Samson
Journal: Economic Geology
Published: 01 December 2016
Economic Geology (2016) 111 (8): 1883–1914.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.8.1883
... world-class REE deposits such as Mountain Pass, California, and Bayan Obo, China ( Fig. 3 ). Other less abundant, REE-bearing minerals reported in the Pea Ridge breccia pipes include bastnaesite [(Ce,La,Y) CO 3 F], britholite [(Ce,Ca,Th,La,Nd) 5 (SiO 4 ,PO 4 ) 3 (OH,F)], synchysite [Ca(Ce,La)(CO 3 ) 2 F...
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View PDF for article title, U-Pb, Re-Os, and Ar&#x2F;Ar Geochronology of Rare Earth Element (REE)-Rich Breccia Pipes and Associated Host Rocks from the Mesoproterozoic <span class="search-highlight">Pea</span> <span class="search-highlight">Ridge</span> Fe-REE-Au <span class="search-highlight">Deposit</span>, St. Francois Mountains, Missouri
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Add to Citation Manager for U-Pb, Re-Os, and Ar&#x2F;Ar Geochronology of Rare Earth Element (REE)-Rich Breccia Pipes and Associated Host Rocks from the Mesoproterozoic <span class="search-highlight">Pea</span> <span class="search-highlight">Ridge</span> Fe-REE-Au <span class="search-highlight">Deposit</span>, St. Francois Mountains, Missouri
Journal Article

Mineral Thermometry and Fluid Inclusion Studies of the Pea Ridge Iron Oxide-Apatite–Rare Earth Element Deposit, Mesoproterozoic St. Francois Mountains Terrane, Southeast Missouri, USA Available to Purchase

Albert H. Hofstra, Corey J. Meighan, Xinyu Song, Iain Samson, Erin E. Marsh, Heather A. Lowers, Poul Emsbo, Andrew G. Hunt
Journal: Economic Geology
Published: 01 December 2016
Economic Geology (2016) 111 (8): 1985–2016.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.8.1985
... al., 2016 ; Starkey and Seeger, 2016 ). Pea Ridge is the largest IOA-REE deposit known in the region with 210 million metric tons (Mt) of iron ore (production plus reserve) and 24 kt of REE oxides at an average grade of 12% ( Day et al., 2016a , and references therein). Potential REE resources also...
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View PDF for article title, Mineral Thermometry and Fluid Inclusion Studies of the <span class="search-highlight">Pea</span> <span class="search-highlight">Ridge</span> Iron Oxide-Apatite–Rare Earth Element <span class="search-highlight">Deposit</span>, Mesoproterozoic St. Francois Mountains Terrane, Southeast Missouri, USA
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Add to Citation Manager for Mineral Thermometry and Fluid Inclusion Studies of the <span class="search-highlight">Pea</span> <span class="search-highlight">Ridge</span> Iron Oxide-Apatite–Rare Earth Element <span class="search-highlight">Deposit</span>, Mesoproterozoic St. Francois Mountains Terrane, Southeast Missouri, USA
Image
Vertical geologic cross sections of the Pea Ridge deposit. Modified after Seeger et al. (2001). (a) Cross section A-A′ and (b) cross section B-B′ located in Figure 14b. Cross section C-C′ represents the depth slice at 510 m level of Figure 23a.

Vertical geologic cross sections of the Pea Ridge deposit. Modified after ... Open Access

Published: 12 September 2019
Figure 22. Vertical geologic cross sections of the Pea Ridge deposit. Modified after Seeger et al. (2001) . (a) Cross section A-A′ and (b) cross section B-B′ located in Figure  14b . Cross section C-C′ represents the depth slice at 510 m level of Figure  23a .
Image
Schematic cross section of Pea Ridge deposit (modified from Seeger et al., 2001). Note that breccia pipe (only one of four is shown) and felsic dike are not in contact.

Schematic cross section of Pea Ridge deposit (modified from Seeger et al.,... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2016
Fig. 2 Schematic cross section of Pea Ridge deposit (modified from Seeger et al., 2001 ). Note that breccia pipe (only one of four is shown) and felsic dike are not in contact.
Image
Map showing locations of Pea Ridge deposit and other Mesoproterozoic deposits and prospects of southeast Missouri. Abbreviation: Mtn = mountain. After Kisvarsanyi (1976) and Day et al. (2016).

Map showing locations of Pea Ridge deposit and other Mesoproterozoic deposi... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2016
Fig. 1 Map showing locations of Pea Ridge deposit and other Mesoproterozoic deposits and prospects of southeast Missouri. Abbreviation: Mtn = mountain. After Kisvarsanyi (1976) and Day et al. (2016) .
Image
Δ-δ plot for quartz-magnetite pairs in rocks from Pea Ridge deposit (Δ18Oquartz-magnetite = δ18Oquartz − δ18Omagnetite). Data for individual minerals form linear trends that are nominally consistent with isotopic equilibration under closed-system conditions of originally hydrothermal or igneous mineral pairs. However, because magnetite-rich rocks of the magnetite zone and magnetite-poor rocks of the amphibole-quartz zone and X11 breccia pipe fall on the same trends, (1) quartz and magnetite are unlikely to be isotopically equilibrated, and (2) temperatures calculated from the quartz-magnetite 18O partitioning would be invalid. In fact, magnetite has preserved nearly uniform δ18O values throughout the deposit (3 ± 1‰), whereas quartz, which postdated magnetite, varies widely in isotopic composition due to variations in temperature of formation and variations in δ18O value and/or salt content of the fluids from which it precipitated. Abbreviations: Amp = amphibole, Mag = magnetite, Qz = quartz.

Δ- δ plot for quartz-magnetite pairs in rocks from Pea Ridge deposit (Δ 18... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2016
Fig. 7 Δ- δ plot for quartz-magnetite pairs in rocks from Pea Ridge deposit (Δ 18 O quartz-magnetite = δ 18 O quartz − δ 18 O magnetite ). Data for individual minerals form linear trends that are nominally consistent with isotopic equilibration under closed-system conditions of originally
Image
A. Subsurface geologic plan map of 2,275-ft mine level of Pea Ridge deposit. B. Vertical geologic cross section of Pea Ridge deposit. Modified after Seeger et al. (2001).

A. Subsurface geologic plan map of 2,275-ft mine level of Pea Ridge deposit... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2016
Fig. 2 A. Subsurface geologic plan map of 2,275-ft mine level of Pea Ridge deposit. B. Vertical geologic cross section of Pea Ridge deposit. Modified after Seeger et al. (2001) .
Image
Cross section of Pea Ridge deposit. Modified from Seeger et al. (2001).

Cross section of Pea Ridge deposit. Modified from Seeger et al. (2001) . Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2016
Fig. 7 Cross section of Pea Ridge deposit. Modified from Seeger et al. (2001) .
Book Chapter

Geology of the Pea Ridge Mine (Field Trip Stop No. 1) Available to Purchase

Author(s)
Mark A. Marikos, Laurence M. Nuelle, Cheryl M. Seeger
Book: “Olympic Dam-Type” Deposits and Geology of Middle Proterozoic Rocks in the St. Francois Mountains
Series: Society of Economic Geologists Guidebook Series
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 January 1989
DOI: 10.5382/GB.04.02
EISBN: 9781934969571
... Abstract The Pea Ridge deposit, a tabular non-titaniferous iron oxide-apatite stock, discordantly cuts Middle Proterozoic felsic volcanic rocks and amphibole-pyroxene rock. The stock, in turn, is cut by mafic and felsic dikes and breccia pipes. Late stage hydrothermal fluids altered some...
Abstract
View PDF for content titled, Geology of the <span class="search-highlight">Pea</span> <span class="search-highlight">Ridge</span> Mine (Field Trip Stop No. 1)
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Abstract The Pea Ridge deposit, a tabular non-titaniferous iron oxide-apatite stock, discordantly cuts Middle Proterozoic felsic volcanic rocks and amphibole-pyroxene rock. The stock, in turn, is cut by mafic and felsic dikes and breccia pipes. Late stage hydrothermal fluids altered some magnetite to hematite and deposited REE and gangue minerals in breccia interstices and veins.

Image
Primitive-mantle normalized (Sun and McDonough, 1989) trace element patterns for felsic and mafic to intermediate-composition rocks from the Pea Ridge deposit and regional sites in the St. Francois Mountains terrane. A. Pea Ridge rhyolite and REE-rich breccia. B. Pea Ridge rhyolite, magnetite ore, and specular-hematite rocks. C. Felsic rocks from the Taum Sauk and Butler Hill calderas, and late granites from the Boss deposit. D. Mafic to intermediate-composition rocks from the Pea Ridge and Boss deposits, and regional sites. Symbols as in Figure 3.

Primitive-mantle normalized ( Sun and McDonough, 1989 ) trace element patte... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2016
Fig. 4 Primitive-mantle normalized ( Sun and McDonough, 1989 ) trace element patterns for felsic and mafic to intermediate-composition rocks from the Pea Ridge deposit and regional sites in the St. Francois Mountains terrane. A. Pea Ridge rhyolite and REE-rich breccia. B. Pea Ridge rhyolite
Image
Primitive-mantle normalized (Sun and McDonough, 1989) trace element patterns for felsic and mafic to intermediate-composition rocks from the Pea Ridge deposit and regional sites in the St. Francois Mountains terrane. A. Pea Ridge rhyolite and REE-rich breccia. B. Pea Ridge rhyolite, magnetite ore, and specular-hematite rocks. C. Felsic rocks from the Taum Sauk and Butler Hill calderas, and late granites from the Boss deposit. D. Mafic to intermediate-composition rocks from the Pea Ridge and Boss deposits, and regional sites. Symbols as in Figure 3.

Primitive-mantle normalized ( Sun and McDonough, 1989 ) trace element patte... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2016
Fig. 4 Primitive-mantle normalized ( Sun and McDonough, 1989 ) trace element patterns for felsic and mafic to intermediate-composition rocks from the Pea Ridge deposit and regional sites in the St. Francois Mountains terrane. A. Pea Ridge rhyolite and REE-rich breccia. B. Pea Ridge rhyolite
Image
Rare earth element abundances normalized to chondrites (Sun and McDonough, 1989) for felsic and mafic to intermediate-composition rocks from the Pea Ridge deposit and regional sites in St. Francois Mountains terrane. A. Pea Ridge rhyolite and REE-rich breccia; majority of breccia samples are monazite rich; data for one molybdenite-rich sample are shown as dotted line. Pale green field outlines data reported by Nuelle et al. (1992) for similar REE-rich breccia samples from underground sites. B. Pea Ridge rhyolite, magnetite ore, and specular-hematite rocks. C. Felsic rocks from the Taum Sauk and Butler Hill calderas, and late granites from the Boss deposit. D. Mafic to intermediate-composition rocks from Pea Ridge, Boss, and regional sites. Symbols as in Figure 3.

Rare earth element abundances normalized to chondrites ( Sun and McDonough,... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2016
Fig. 5 Rare earth element abundances normalized to chondrites ( Sun and McDonough, 1989 ) for felsic and mafic to intermediate-composition rocks from the Pea Ridge deposit and regional sites in St. Francois Mountains terrane. A. Pea Ridge rhyolite and REE-rich breccia; majority of breccia samples
Image
Geologic map of St. Francois Mountains terrane, showing locations of Pea Ridge deposit and other deposits and occurrences (from Day et al., 2016).

Geologic map of St. Francois Mountains terrane, showing locations of Pea Ri... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2016
Fig. 1 Geologic map of St. Francois Mountains terrane, showing locations of Pea Ridge deposit and other deposits and occurrences (from Day et al., 2016 ).
Image
Plots of 147Sm/144Nd vs. 143Nd/144Nd. A. Bulk-rock data for mafic to intermediate-composition rocks and felsic rocks, REE-rich breccias, and mineralized rocks from Pea Ridge analyzed in this study and data reported by other workers for regional bulk rocks, mineral occurrrences, and various sites in St. Francois Mountains terrane (Van Schmus et al., 1996; Gleason et al., 2000; Rohs and Van Schmus, 2007; Fisher et al., 2010; Bickford et al., 2015, and references therein). Red line shows example of TDM (depleted DM model age), originating from depleted mantle (DM). Blue line is example of ages ca. 1.5 to 1.6 Ga for the Pea Ridge deposit. Pea Ridge data include all analyses in this study and those of Gleason et al. (2000). Evolution line for bulk silicate Earth, mantle trend (from DM, depleted mantle to EM), and enriched mantle shown for reference. B. Plot of Pea Ridge data and TDM line at ca. 1.5 to 1.6 Ga. C. Data for Boss deposit and mafic to intermediate-composition rocks. Blue line depicts evolution for Pea Ridge. D. Felsic rocks from the Taum Sauk and Butler Hill calderas. Symbols as in Figure 3.

Plots of 147 Sm/ 144 Nd vs. 143 Nd/ 144 Nd. A. Bulk-rock data for mafic t... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2016
line is example of ages ca. 1.5 to 1.6 Ga for the Pea Ridge deposit. Pea Ridge data include all analyses in this study and those of Gleason et al. (2000) . Evolution line for bulk silicate Earth, mantle trend (from DM, depleted mantle to EM), and enriched mantle shown for reference. B. Plot of Pea
Image
Plots of 147Sm/144Nd vs. 143Nd/144Nd. A. Bulk-rock data for mafic to intermediate-composition rocks and felsic rocks, REE-rich breccias, and mineralized rocks from Pea Ridge analyzed in this study and data reported by other workers for regional bulk rocks, mineral occurrrences, and various sites in St. Francois Mountains terrane (Van Schmus et al., 1996; Gleason et al., 2000; Rohs and Van Schmus, 2007; Fisher et al., 2010; Bickford et al., 2015, and references therein). Red line shows example of TDM (depleted DM model age), originating from depleted mantle (DM). Blue line is example of ages ca. 1.5 to 1.6 Ga for the Pea Ridge deposit. Pea Ridge data include all analyses in this study and those of Gleason et al. (2000). Evolution line for bulk silicate Earth, mantle trend (from DM, depleted mantle to EM), and enriched mantle shown for reference. B. Plot of Pea Ridge data and TDM line at ca. 1.5 to 1.6 Ga. C. Data for Boss deposit and mafic to intermediate-composition rocks. Blue line depicts evolution for Pea Ridge. D. Felsic rocks from the Taum Sauk and Butler Hill calderas. Symbols as in Figure 3.

Plots of 147 Sm/ 144 Nd vs. 143 Nd/ 144 Nd. A. Bulk-rock data for mafic t... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2016
line is example of ages ca. 1.5 to 1.6 Ga for the Pea Ridge deposit. Pea Ridge data include all analyses in this study and those of Gleason et al. (2000) . Evolution line for bulk silicate Earth, mantle trend (from DM, depleted mantle to EM), and enriched mantle shown for reference. B. Plot of Pea
Image
Cross section showing fluids and fluid pathways that were important in formation of the Pea Ridge deposit. The model derives partly from observations of other Mesoproterozoic iron deposits in southeast Missouri, and thus may have regional applications (see text).

Cross section showing fluids and fluid pathways that were important in form... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2016
Fig. 10 Cross section showing fluids and fluid pathways that were important in formation of the Pea Ridge deposit. The model derives partly from observations of other Mesoproterozoic iron deposits in southeast Missouri, and thus may have regional applications (see text).