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Journal Article

VNIR multispectral observations of aqueous alteration materials by the Pancams on the Spirit and Opportunity Mars Exploration Rovers Available to Purchase

William H. Farrand, Jeffrey R. Johnson, Melissa S. Rice, Alian Wang, James F. Bell, III
Published: 01 September 2016
American Mineralogist (2016) 101 (9): 2005–2019.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5627
...William H. Farrand; Jeffrey R. Johnson; Melissa S. Rice; Alian Wang; James F. Bell, III Abstract Multispectral visible and near infrared (VNIR) observations from the Mars Exploration Rover Pancam multispectral stereo camera systems are consistent with materials having been subjected to various...
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View PDF for article title, VNIR multispectral observations of aqueous alteration materials by the <span class="search-highlight">Pancams</span> on the Spirit and Opportunity Mars Exploration Rovers
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Image
Pancam false color image of Stuart Island acquired on sol 3567 showing the locations and 100% field of view of the four APXS observations. Box delineates location for the MI-based anaglyph shown in Figure 17. The location is denoted from which a dark area spectrum derived from Pancam data is shown in Figure 18. For reference Stuart Island is about 0.12 m in its long dimension. Pancam product IDs 1P445650967RADCAGYP2539L2C1, 1P445651052RADCAGYP2539L5C1, and 1P445651127RADCAGYP2539L7C1.

Pancam false color image of Stuart Island acquired on sol 3567 showing the ... Open Access

Published: 01 June 2016
Figure 16 Pancam false color image of Stuart Island acquired on sol 3567 showing the locations and 100% field of view of the four APXS observations. Box delineates location for the MI-based anaglyph shown in Figure 17 . The location is denoted from which a dark area spectrum derived from Pancam
Image
Pancam false color images of impact breccias in the Bristol Well in situ target location on Murray Ridge. Note the relatively large embedded rock clasts as compared to Green Island in Cook Haven. The right-hand view shows the location of the Bristol Well in situ target for which three overlapping in situ observations were acquired. This target is located to the south of the area covered by the Pancam data shown in the left-hand view. Table 1 shows that the compositions are consistent with the dominance of Ca-sulfate veins. For reference the large breccia block on the lower left side of the left image is ~0.35 m high. Portion of Pancam mosaic product IDs 1PPAG3ILFCDCYLAHP2277L222M, 1PPAG3ILFCDCYLAHP2277L555M1, and 1PPAG3ILFCDCYLAHP2277L777M1 were used to generate the left-hand image. Pancam product IDs 1P453282110RADCDAAP2586L2C1, 1P453282143RADCDAAP2586L5C1, and 1P453282180RADCDAAP2586L7C1 were used to generate the right-hand image.

Pancam false color images of impact breccias in the Bristol Well in situ ta... Open Access

Published: 01 June 2016
Figure 10 Pancam false color images of impact breccias in the Bristol Well in situ target location on Murray Ridge. Note the relatively large embedded rock clasts as compared to Green Island in Cook Haven. The right -hand view shows the location of the Bristol Well in situ target for which three
Image
Pancam false color image mosaic of the Moreton Island outcrop on Murray Ridge, with the Tangalooma and Mount Tempest in situ targets shown. These highly fractured rocks are impact breccias with embedded rock clasts. For reference the outcrop with the two in situ targets is approximately 0.25 m wide. Pancam images were acquired on sols 3494–3496, with bands centered at 0.753, 0.535, and 0.432 μm shown as RGB colors. This band assignment is the same as other Pancam false color data shown in subsequent figures. Mosaic available as http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA17753.

Pancam false color image mosaic of the Moreton Island outcrop on Murray Rid... Open Access

Published: 01 June 2016
Figure 5 Pancam false color image mosaic of the Moreton Island outcrop on Murray Ridge, with the Tangalooma and Mount Tempest in situ targets shown. These highly fractured rocks are impact breccias with embedded rock clasts. For reference the outcrop with the two in situ targets is approximately
Image
Library spectra (Cloutis et al. 2006; Clark et al. 2007) of calcium sulfate minerals at full spectral resolution over the Pancam spectral range (a) and convolved to Pancam bandpasses (b). (Color online.)

Library spectra ( Cloutis et al. 2006 ; Clark et al. 2007 ) of calcium sul... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2016
Figure 14 Library spectra ( Cloutis et al. 2006 ; Clark et al. 2007 ) of calcium sulfate minerals at full spectral resolution over the Pancam spectral range ( a ) and convolved to Pancam bandpasses ( b ). (Color online.)
Image
Locations of Pancam spectral end-members derived from the unmixing algorithm are shown on the Pancam false color image on the left, and mean spectra for these regions are shown on the right. Also shown is the mean spectrum for the dark area on Stuart Island. One standard deviation error bars are also plotted. The dark coating spectra for the Island rocks are indistinguishable and unique for any Pancam observation. The spectra lack the ferric absorption edge shortward of ~0.7 μm that is characteristic of martian spectra, and evident for the other three spectra shown in the figure. The dusty rock spectrum has the deepest ferric absorption edge, followed by the bright coating spectrum, and the rock spectrum has the shallowest absorption.

Locations of Pancam spectral end-members derived from the unmixing algorith... Open Access

Published: 01 June 2016
Figure 18 Locations of Pancam spectral end-members derived from the unmixing algorithm are shown on the Pancam false color image on the left , and mean spectra for these regions are shown on the right . Also shown is the mean spectrum for the dark area on Stuart Island. One standard deviation
Image
Figure 4. Examples of unusual rocks on ejecta units and within plains traverse. A: Scoria block (“Potrillo”) in an area with abundant vesicular clasts. Delicate points and knobby protuberances imply relatively little physical weathering of primary scoria. Sol 111, site 36, Pancam frame 2P136222446EFF35AYP2560L7. B: 14-cm-high block (“Dagwood”) with vesicle layering and central vesicle-free zone. Sol 142, site 35, Pancam frame 2P 13 90 54 17 4E FF 55 00 P2 58 0L 7. C: Partially buried spheroidally exfoliated blocks within inner ejecta sheet near rim of Missoula crater. Sol 103, site 30, Pancam image frame 2P 13 55 21 02 9E FF 30 00 P2 45 0L 7; D: Internally etched block. Note resistant fins implying hardened exterior surfaces. Sol 68, site 18, Pancam frame 2P 13 23 95 64 1E FF 18 00 P2 28 4L 6.

Figure 4. Examples of unusual rocks on ejecta units and within plains trave... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 October 2005
Figure 4. Examples of unusual rocks on ejecta units and within plains traverse. A: Scoria block (“Potrillo”) in an area with abundant vesicular clasts. Delicate points and knobby protuberances imply relatively little physical weathering of primary scoria. Sol 111, site 36, Pancam frame
Image
(a) Representative Pancam spectra (denoted by sol number with the prefix of “B” and Pancam sequence number of “P” plus 4 digits) of Burns formation “LFS” (or purple-colored in typically used color composites) surfaces. (b) Representative Grasberg formation surface spectra (after Farrand et al. 2014). (Color online.)

( a ) Representative Pancam spectra (denoted by sol number with the prefix ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2016
Figure 5 ( a ) Representative Pancam spectra (denoted by sol number with the prefix of “B” and Pancam sequence number of “P” plus 4 digits) of Burns formation “LFS” (or purple-colored in typically used color composites) surfaces. ( b ) Representative Grasberg formation surface spectra (after
Image
Portion of a Front Hazcam image is shown on the left for the Sarcobatus in situ targets for a rock clast (two overlapping measurements) and the brushed matrix target (Sarcobatus_flat). Pancam false color image of the targets is shown on the right. For reference the brushed spot is ~3.8 cm wide. Hazcam product ID 1F454088547FFLCDBAP1148R0M1. Pancam product IDs 1P454529822RADCDBAP2589L2C1, 1P454529907RADCDBAP2589L5C1, and 1P454529979RADCDBAP-2589L7C1.

Portion of a Front Hazcam image is shown on the left for the Sarcobatus i... Open Access

Published: 01 June 2016
Figure 11 Portion of a Front Hazcam image is shown on the left for the Sarcobatus in situ targets for a rock clast (two overlapping measurements) and the brushed matrix target (Sarcobatus_flat). Pancam false color image of the targets is shown on the right . For reference the brushed spot
Image
Silica-rich materials in the Inner Basin of the Columbia Hills of Gusev crater, discovered by Spirit. (a) Pancam L357 (673, 535, 432 nm) composite of the Innocent Bystander nodular outcrop (sol 1294, P2581). (b) Pancam L357 composite of the Gertrude Weise soil (sol 1187, P2533), which contains ~98% SiO2 (Squyres et al. 2008). The width of the wheel track is ~16 cm. (c) Pancam relative reflectance spectra of silica-rich targets (see Rice et al. 2010 for further discussion). All spectra exhibit a relatively flat near-infrared profile (864 to 934 nm) and a characteristic downturn in the longest-wavelength filter (1009 nm) due to H2O and/or OH absorptions near ~1000 nm. Figure modified from Rice et al. (2013). (Color online.)

Silica-rich materials in the Inner Basin of the Columbia Hills of Gusev cra... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 September 2016
Figure 17 Silica-rich materials in the Inner Basin of the Columbia Hills of Gusev crater, discovered by Spirit. ( a ) Pancam L357 (673, 535, 432 nm) composite of the Innocent Bystander nodular outcrop (sol 1294, P2581). ( b ) Pancam L357 composite of the Gertrude Weise soil (sol 1187, P2533
Journal Article

High concentrations of manganese and sulfur in deposits on Murray Ridge, Endeavour Crater, Mars Open Access

Raymond E. Arvidson, Steven W. Squyres, Richard V. Morris, Andrew H. Knoll, Ralf Gellert, Benton C. Clark, Jeffrey G. Catalano, Brad L. Jolliff, Scott M. McLennan, Kenneth E. Herkenhoff, Scott VanBommel, David W. Mittlefehldt, John P. Grotzinger, Edward A. Guinness, Jeffrey R. Johnson, James F. Bell, III, William H. Farrand, Nathan Stein, Valerie K. Fox, Matthew P. Golombek, Margaret A.G. Hinkle, Wendy M. Calvin, Paulo A. de Souza, Jr.
Published: 01 June 2016
American Mineralogist (2016) 101 (6): 1389–1405.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5599
...Figure 16 Pancam false color image of Stuart Island acquired on sol 3567 showing the locations and 100% field of view of the four APXS observations. Box delineates location for the MI-based anaglyph shown in Figure 17 . The location is denoted from which a dark area spectrum derived from Pancam...
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Image
(A) Pancam false-color image of fracture in Endurance crater showing erosion-resistant fracture-lining materials (sol 152, P2380, L257; inset: sol 170, P2598, L257). (B) Detail of Pancam image showing a rock rind in Eagle crater, sol 50, P2578, L257, false-color. The relatively resistant rind is indicated by shadowed overhang. Image credit NASA/JPL/Cornell

( A ) Pancam false-color image of fracture in Endurance crater showing eros... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 June 2006
FIGURE 6 ( A ) Pancam false-color image of fracture in Endurance crater showing erosion-resistant fracture-lining materials (sol 152, P2380, L257; inset: sol 170, P2598, L257). ( B ) Detail of Pancam image showing a rock rind in Eagle crater, sol 50, P2578, L257, false-color. The relatively
Image
(A) Pancam false-color image of fracture in Endurance crater showing erosion-resistant fracture-lining materials (sol 152, P2380, L257; inset: sol 170, P2598, L257). (B) Detail of Pancam image showing a rock rind in Eagle crater, sol 50, P2578, L257, false-color. The relatively resistant rind is indicated by shadowed overhang. Image credit NASA/JPL/Cornell

( A ) Pancam false-color image of fracture in Endurance crater showing eros... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 June 2006
FIGURE 6 ( A ) Pancam false-color image of fracture in Endurance crater showing erosion-resistant fracture-lining materials (sol 152, P2380, L257; inset: sol 170, P2598, L257). ( B ) Detail of Pancam image showing a rock rind in Eagle crater, sol 50, P2578, L257, false-color. The relatively
Image
Pancam false color image acquired on sol 3541 in which the brightness has been combined with an MI mosaic of Pinnacle Island. The locations of dark and bright coatings are shown, along with dusty and fresh rock. The box shows the location of an MI-based stereo anaglyph shown in Figure 15, and the circles represent ~100% fields of view and locations for the five overlapping APXS observations. For reference Pinnacle Island is ~3.5 cm wide. Pancam product IDs 1P442541197RADCAEOP2595L2C1, 1P442541258RADCAEOP2595L5C1, and 1P442541300RADCAEOP2595L7C1. MI product ID 1M442544805IFFCAEOP2955M2F1.

Pancam false color image acquired on sol 3541 in which the brightness has b... Open Access

Published: 01 June 2016
Figure 14 Pancam false color image acquired on sol 3541 in which the brightness has been combined with an MI mosaic of Pinnacle Island. The locations of dark and bright coatings are shown, along with dusty and fresh rock. The box shows the location of an MI-based stereo anaglyph shown in Figure
Image
Pancam image of Martian blueberries (from Royer et al. 2006). The average particle diameter is 3.73 mm.

Pancam image of Martian blueberries (from Royer et al. 2006 ). The average... Available to Purchase

Published: 03 January 2022
Figure 1. Pancam image of Martian blueberries (from Royer et al. 2006 ). The average particle diameter is 3.73 mm.
Journal Article

Mineralogy of the Paso Robles soils on Mars Available to Purchase

Melissa D. Lane, Janice L. Bishop, M. Darby Dyar, Penelope L. King, Mario Parente, Brendt C. Hyde
Published: 01 May 2008
American Mineralogist (2008) 93 (5-6): 728–739.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2008.2757
...-sulfate assemblage having OH/(OH + 2SO 4 ) of < ~0.4. Some Fe 3+ is likely to be associated with phosphates in the soil in the form of ferristrunzite or strengite. * E-mail: [email protected] 03 12 2007 01 08 2007 © 2008 American Mineralogist 2008 Pancam data ( Bell et al...
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Journal Article

Evidence for Water at Meridiani Available to Purchase

Bradley L. Jolliff, the Athena Science Team, Scott M. McLennan, the Athena Science Team
Journal: Elements
Published: 01 June 2006
Elements (2006) 2 (3): 163–167.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.2.3.163
...FIGURE 6 ( A ) Pancam false-color image of fracture in Endurance crater showing erosion-resistant fracture-lining materials (sol 152, P2380, L257; inset: sol 170, P2598, L257). ( B ) Detail of Pancam image showing a rock rind in Eagle crater, sol 50, P2578, L257, false-color. The relatively...
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View PDF for article title, Evidence for Water at Meridiani
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Image
Pancam approximate true color images of examples of rocks or outcrops from each spectral subclass. White scale bar is ~15 cm in all images. Sol number and product identifier for each image is shown below.

Pancam approximate true color images of examples of rocks or outcrops from ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 February 2017
Figure 5 Pancam approximate true color images of examples of rocks or outcrops from each spectral subclass. White scale bar is ~15 cm in all images. Sol number and product identifier for each image is shown below.
Image
Pancam approximate true color image of the possible Watchtower end-member called Bruce (sol 617 P2597). Maximum dimension is ~40 cm.

Pancam approximate true color image of the possible Watchtower end-member c... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 February 2017
Figure 7 Pancam approximate true color image of the possible Watchtower end-member called Bruce (sol 617 P2597). Maximum dimension is ~40 cm.
Image
Merge of MI and Pancam L257 color images of the Esperance fracture filling vein material (whitish) with dark coatings (patchy areas to right). A lag gravel borders the brighter slope, to the left. Area shown ~5 × 5 cm; illumination from left. (Sol 3267, image ID 1MPW67IOFBYORT00P2955L257F1). Arrow points to a newberry.

Merge of MI and Pancam L257 color images of the Esperance fracture filling ... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 July 2016
Figure 2 Merge of MI and Pancam L257 color images of the Esperance fracture filling vein material (whitish) with dark coatings (patchy areas to right). A lag gravel borders the brighter slope, to the left. Area shown ~5 × 5 cm; illumination from left. (Sol 3267, image ID