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Paladin
Phylogenetics, Systematics, Paleoecology, and Evolution of the Trilobite Genera Paladin and Kaskia from the United States
Two new Mississippian trilobites of the genus Paladin
Late Visean and Early Namurian trilobites from the northern and eastern margins of the Derbyshire Dome
Metal Sources in Mineral Deposits and Crustal Rocks of Ecuador (1° N–4° S): A Lead Isotope Synthesis
Temperature-dependent sex determination in dinosaurs? Implications for population dynamics and extinction
Temperature during incubation determines sex in turtles, crocodiles, and alligators and may have determined the sex of hatchlings in dinosaurs as well. Geologic evidence indicates that dinosaurs nested in upland sites in western Montana where eggs were exposed to fluctuating and/or lower temperatures as climate deteriorated at the end of the Cretaceous. Production of hatchlings of predominantly one sex, due to environmental shifts in nest incubation temperatures resulting from changing climates, would have altered drastically the population breeding structure and driven these dinosaurs toward extinction.
A SAIMA screen image with event locations for the Paladin, M777, and 105 mm...
Table 2 —Character states assigned to species of Kaskia and Paladin of...
Figure 2 —Proposed phylogenies of species of the Kaskia 1 and Paladin 2 ...
Figure 4 — 1–8, Paladin morrowensis (Mather); 1, incomplete holotype c...
Figure 5 — 1, 2, Paladin helmsensis Whittington; 1, incomplete holotyp...
Figure 6 — 1–15, Paladin imoensis n. sp.; 1–4, dorsal, anterior, later...
Figure 7 — 1–12, Paladin mangeri n. sp.; 1–3, dorsal, anterior, and la...
Paladin derbiensis ( Phillips, 1836 ). A–G, I, Monsal Dale Limestones Form...
Paladin eakringensis Osmólska, 1970 b. A–B, D–E, G–H, K–P, U–X, probably ...
Paladin bakewellensis Osmólska, 1910b, A, F, J, K, O, dark facies of Mon...
The Brechin Field, Block 22/23a, UK North Sea
Abstract The Brechin Field was discovered by Paladin Resources in 2004. The reservoir is the Paleocene Forties Sandstone Member, with oil trapped in a small dip closure. The prospect was identified as a bright anomaly on a fluid volume processed as part of a 4D survey. However, the anomaly was not consistent with rock physics modelling, and an earlier processed version of the baseline 3D survey showed the opposite response to the 4D datasets. It was established that the fluid anomaly on the 4D data resulted from constructive interference between reflections from the oil–water contact and from top reservoir. Thus, both versions of the data were responding to the presence of hydrocarbons. The discovery well, 22/23a-7, encountered 137 ft of gross oil-bearing reservoir. Without testing or further appraisal, the field was developed in 2005 with a single production well tieback to the Arbroath platform, via the production manifold at Arkwright Field. Brechin is now operated by Repsol Sinopec Resources and cumulative production to mid-2018 was 4.4 MMbbl. Seismic attributes and well-developed reservoir understanding from neighbouring analogue fields permitted the necessary de-risking of hydrocarbon presence, recovery and volumetric uncertainty, to permit the development of an otherwise economically marginal resource.
High-pressure optical spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies on synthetic cobalt aluminum silicate garnet
Front Matter
Abstract This Special Publication draws upon contributions to a similarly titled conference ‘The Deliberate Search for the Stratigraphic Trap — Where Are We Now?’ held at the Geological Society in London during 2004. Observations in this introductory paper have been drawn from the authors’ experience, talks given at the conference and papers within this volume. Specifically it is noted that by analogy to basins which are perceived to be mature for structural traps, stratigraphic traps can have substantial remaining potential. Additionally, current exploration for stratigraphic traps seems rather restricted to areas where seismic data allow the direct assessment of fluid fill and reservoir development. It is argued that the industry is probably not doing enough to learn from established stratigraphic traps to guide future exploration for such traps. Looking forward, it is suggested that the industry faces two key challenges. Firstly, the use of all available data to assess fluid type and reservoir presence in areas of unfavourable rock physics, and secondly, the development of sufficiently sophisticated predictive models of stratigraphic trap development.
Abstract A compilation of 85 stratigraphic traps demonstrates the variety of trapping mechanisms and the scope for developing new concepts by matching geological models with features in 3D seismic volumes. However, aspects of quantitative evaluation may discourage exploration. Investors require assurance in the form of probabilistic evaluations of risk and value but information critical to the evaluation of new stratigraphic concepts is likely to be lacking. As estimates of risk and uncertainty vary with information, prospects evaluated with radically different levels of information must be ranked with care. The requirements for quantitative project ranking and portfolio optimization have to be reconciled with the need to ‘venture into the unknown’. The character of stratigraphic prospects dictates different evaluation methods from those used to evaluate structural prospects. This, together with the high degree of sensitivity of value to evaluation methodology, can also lead to inconsistencies in ranking. Within the context of a company's overall strategy and risk tolerance, organizational and cultural factors may influence prospect selection. In particular over-emphasis on quantitative methods may not have the intended effect. A common understanding, amongst technical and commercial disciplines and decision makers, of the background to quantification is essential. Factors which encourage the progression of stratigraphic prospects include a dedicated geoscience effort, a separate ‘growth’ portfolio of new concepts, a formal structure for progressing these and a stable organization.