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Pajarito Fault

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Journal Article
Journal: Geosphere
Published: 01 June 2009
Geosphere (2009) 5 (3): 252–269.
...Claudia J. Lewis; Jamie N. Gardner; Emily S. Schultz-Fellenz; Alexis Lavine; Steven L. Reneau; Susan Olig Abstract The seismically active Pajarito fault system (PFS) of northern New Mexico, United States, is a complex zone of deformation made up of many laterally discontinuous faults and associated...
FIGURES | View All (11)
Journal Article
Published: 17 February 2025
Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (2025) 31 (1): 19–35.
... their high-slip rate counterparts, and paleoseismic techniques used to study them may pose challenges in interpretation that differ from high-slip rate systems. A good example of this is the Pajarito fault system (PFS), a normal fault complex within the Rio Grande rift. Despite numerous previous paleoseismic...
FIGURES | View All (11)
Journal Article
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 February 1983
GSA Bulletin (1983) 94 (2): 192–205.
...MATTHEW P. GOLOMBEK Abstract The Pajarito fault zone forms the western border of the Velarde graben, the presently active, central subbasin of the Española basin section of the Rio Grande rift in north-central New Mexico. The fault zone is a north-northeast-trending zone of predominantly down...
Journal Article
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 January 1981
Geology (1981) 9 (1): 21–24.
...Matthew P. Golombek Abstract The central Velarde graben is the active subbasin of the Española basin section of the Rio Grande rift in north-central New Mexico. The Velarde graben is bounded on the west, in the Jemez volcanic field, by the Pajarito fault zone. This fault zone has produced a steep...
Image
Location of the Pajarito Fault system with respect to the Rio Grande rift in northern New Mexico. Simplified Fault system shown. Modified from Lewis et al. (2009). Pajarito Fault (PF), Rendija Canyon Fault (RCF), Guaje Mountain Fault (GMF), Sawyer Canyon Fault (SCF), Embudo Fault System (EFS).
Published: 17 February 2025
Figure 1. Location of the Pajarito Fault system with respect to the Rio Grande rift in northern New Mexico. Simplified Fault system shown. Modified from Lewis et al. (2009) . Pajarito Fault (PF), Rendija Canyon Fault (RCF), Guaje Mountain Fault (GMF), Sawyer Canyon Fault (SCF), Embudo Fault
Image
Map showing the 50-km-long Pajarito fault system. Thick gray lines (S1–S7) provide locations of cross sections shown in Figure 8. Circled letters A–M indicate portions of the fault system referenced in Figure 5. Green star shows location of borehole 2C (Gardner et al., 2001). Blue star indicates location of Reneau et al. (2002) trench. Orange star indicates location of well R-26 (Kleinfelder Inc., 2005). SPD—St. Peter's Dome; MPF—main Pajarito fault (WS—west splay; ES—east splay). Colors of fault lines as in Figure 5.
Published: 01 June 2009
Figure 3. Map showing the 50-km-long Pajarito fault system. Thick gray lines (S1–S7) provide locations of cross sections shown in Figure 8 . Circled letters A–M indicate portions of the fault system referenced in Figure 5 . Green star shows location of borehole 2C ( Gardner et al., 2001 ). Blue
Image
Cross sections of the Pajarito fault system. (A) West-east cross sections spanning the Pajarito fault system. DTE—down to the east.
Published: 01 June 2009
Figure 7. Cross sections of the Pajarito fault system. (A) West-east cross sections spanning the Pajarito fault system. DTE—down to the east.
Image
Geologic map of the Pajarito fault system west of and within Los Alamos National Laboratory and the town of Los Alamos with embedded lithologic descriptions and photographs. To view the stratigraphic descriptions and photos embedded in the map, you will need Acrobat Adobe 8.0 or higher. If you are viewing the PDF of this paper or reading it offline, please visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/GES00198.S1 or the full-text article at http://geosphere.gsapubs.org to view the animation.
Published: 01 June 2009
Animation 1. Geologic map of the Pajarito fault system west of and within Los Alamos National Laboratory and the town of Los Alamos with embedded lithologic descriptions and photographs. To view the stratigraphic descriptions and photos embedded in the map, you will need Acrobat Adobe 8.0
Image
South-to-north profile of the Pajarito fault system (PFS) showing variation in throw with distance along the fault system. Measurements of throw on individual faults are plotted as triangles, summed distributed deformation is plotted as squares, and total throw is plotted as dashed lines. Based on map patterns of faults (few if any faults form a V across canyons in map view), we assume that throw is approximately equivalent to dip separation. All faults are plotted with positive throw, although some are antithetic and offset geologic units down to the west (dtw). Observed dtw distributed deformation in the hanging wall of the PF is plotted as negative throw only to make these measurements easier to see. Measurements by other investigators are incorporated where land access issues prevented visiting sites or where no new data on contacts were available. The best measurement available for throw on the Santa Clara Canyon fault is by Golombek (1981), who estimated ~100 m down-to-the-east (dte) on Bandelier Tuff; we have not been able to confirm that estimate due to access restrictions. We estimate 107 m distributed dte throw at Quemazon Mesa (Animation 1), 115 m south of Los Alamos Canyon, 145 m between Pajarito Canyon and Cañon de Valle, and 120 m at Water Canyon. Summed throw in this sector includes estimates made by Carter and Gardner (1996) on the Rendija Canyon fault (RCF) and Guaje Mountain fault (GMF) and by Gardner et al. (1999) on the southern tail of the RCF. The estimate of 90 m dte throw on the west splay near Tent Rocks comes from Smith et al. (2001). Distance grid is in State Plane coordinate system, New Mexico Central Zone, NAD83. Included here are several strands not discussed in text, i.e., the Stone Lions splay (Reneau, 2000) and the Dixon fault (Aby, 1997). MPF aggregate is the sum of dtw and dte throw on small-displacement faults in the footwall block of the MPF; it does not include throw on the MPF, where that is delimited by cross sections. PFS sum includes throw on all mapped splays of the fault system where a reliable estimate of throw is available. HW—hanging wall.
Published: 01 June 2009
Figure 5. South-to-north profile of the Pajarito fault system (PFS) showing variation in throw with distance along the fault system. Measurements of throw on individual faults are plotted as triangles, summed distributed deformation is plotted as squares, and total throw is plotted as dashed
Image
Three-dimensional model of the main faults of the Pajarito fault system and their geometric relations in the subsurface. The principal east-dipping fault strands are shown penetrating at a high angle to the base of the brittle crust (e.g., Baldridge et al., 1995). Large black arrows show regional extension direction (from Zoback et al., 1981). Small black arrows and thin black lines on fault planes suggest probable slip directions. Blue lines are monoclinal fold axes. Horizontal and vertical scales are the same. MPF—main Pajarito fault; RCF—Rendija Canyon fault; SCF—Sawyer Canyon fault; GMF—Guaje Mountain fault; WS—west splay; ES—east splay.
Published: 01 June 2009
Figure 9. Three-dimensional model of the main faults of the Pajarito fault system and their geometric relations in the subsurface. The principal east-dipping fault strands are shown penetrating at a high angle to the base of the brittle crust (e.g., Baldridge et al., 1995 ). Large black arrows
Published: 01 April 2013
DOI: 10.1130/2013.2494(09)
... that the volcanic rocks erupted from different magmatic sources and centers close to the Pajarito fault zone. Multiple pulses of volcanic eruptions mostly confined to the hanging wall of the Pajarito fault zone, which represents the current western boundary fault of the Española Basin, suggest that the Pajarito...
Published: 01 April 2013
DOI: 10.1130/2013.2494(08)
.... The Embudo–Santa Clara–Pajarito fault system, a collection of northeast- and north-striking faults in the center of the Española Basin, defines the western boundary of the half graben and was active throughout rifting. Throw rates near the middle of the fault system (i.e., the Santa Clara and north Pajarito...
Journal Article
Journal: Lithosphere
Publisher: GSW
Published: 01 October 2011
Lithosphere (2011) 3 (5): 328–345.
...) the north-striking Pajarito fault zone. Similarly, our data do not record any measurable relative change in declination difference (−1.1° ± 1.6°) that could be interpreted as a rotation over the ∼0.36 m.y. time duration between deposition of the two principal stratigraphic members of the Bandelier Tuff...
FIGURES | View All (10)
Image
Diagrammatic two-dimensional cross sections showing along-strike variations in range of possible dips for the main Pajarito fault (MPF), Rendija Canyon fault (RCF), Guaje Mountain fault (GMF), and northern Pajarito fault, and their geometric relations in the subsurface. Scale bar on left side of each panel indicates depth (km) below surface. Numbers shown adjacent to faults are dips. Colors added for clarity; red-orange-yellow indicate dips of 75°, 60°, and 45°, respectively, on the MPF, and purple-violet-green-blue indicate dips of 90°, 80°, 70°, and 60°, respectively, on the RCF and GMF. Locations of sections S1 through S7 are shown in Figure 3.
Published: 01 June 2009
Figure 8. Diagrammatic two-dimensional cross sections showing along-strike variations in range of possible dips for the main Pajarito fault (MPF), Rendija Canyon fault (RCF), Guaje Mountain fault (GMF), and northern Pajarito fault, and their geometric relations in the subsurface. Scale bar
Journal Article
Published: 01 December 1995
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1995) 85 (6): 1867–1872.
... higher than those chosen by an expert panel for the Pajarito Fault, New Mexico, which has a long-term mean slip rate of ca. 0.12 mm/yr. 23 1 1995 Copyright © 1995, by the Seismological Society of America References Bull W. B...
Journal Article
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 December 1990
GSA Bulletin (1990) 102 (12): 1695–1705.
... in the north-east Jemez Mountains, has been located near its present position since at least middle Miocene time. The channel has meandered and shifted laterally, resulting in markedly different stratigraphic sections on either wall of the canyon in the vicinity of the western boundary (Pajarito) fault...
Image
Location map of the central Pajarito Plateau. Yellow shaded area is the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Also shown are the municipalities of Los Alamos and White Rock. East- and southeast-trending canyons are incised into the plateau. Water supply wells are shown as blue stars and the water supply well fields are indicated in blue shading; additional wells of Guaje well field extend north of this map. The Buckman well field provides water to Santa Fe. Water supply wells LA-1 through LA-6 are no longer used for municipal water production. New regional aquifer wells installed since 1998 are shown as red dots. Older test wells are shown as black dots. Line A–A′ shows location of cross section in Fig. 5. Main elements of the Pajarito fault zone are shown in blue. PFZ is the main trace of the Pajarito fault zone, RCF is the Rendija Canyon fault, GMF is the Guaje Mountain fault, and DDG is the Diamond Drive graben. Faults modified from Gardner et al. (2001) and Lewis et al. (2002).
Published: 01 August 2005
1998 are shown as red dots. Older test wells are shown as black dots. Line A–A′ shows location of cross section in Fig. 5 . Main elements of the Pajarito fault zone are shown in blue. PFZ is the main trace of the Pajarito fault zone, RCF is the Rendija Canyon fault, GMF is the Guaje Mountain fault
Image
Map showing sampling localities within the Valles caldera region. Sampling localities include: LC—Los Alamos Canyon, CM—Cat Mesa, DR—Dome Road, EC—Eagle Canyon, MC—Mortandad Canyon, PC—Peralta Canyon, PM—Pajarito Mesa, AN—San Antonio Canyon, SE—Seven Springs, SA—Sawyer Mesa, SJ—San Juan Mesa, SC—Upper Sandia Canyon, VA—Vallecitos, and YR—Young's Ranch. Tectonic features include: JF—Jemez fault, EF—Embudo fault, and PF—Pajarito fault.
Published: 01 October 2011
Mesa, SC—Upper Sandia Canyon, VA—Vallecitos, and YR—Young's Ranch. Tectonic features include: JF—Jemez fault, EF—Embudo fault, and PF—Pajarito fault.
Image
Map showing distribution of geologic units at the top of the regional saturated zone beneath the Pajarito Plateau. The wells that provided geologic control for this map are indicated by dots using the same color scheme as Fig. 3. The LANL boundary is shown by the green outline and the Pajarito fault zone is shown in blue. The map portrays the dominant rock unit in the upper 15.2 m (50 ft) of the regional saturated zone.
Published: 01 August 2005
and the Pajarito fault zone is shown in blue. The map portrays the dominant rock unit in the upper 15.2 m (50 ft) of the regional saturated zone.
Image
Map of the Rio Grande rift in northern New Mexico schematically showing location of the Pajarito fault system (PFS) with respect to other major fault systems (ball on downthrown side). Abbreviations: CF—Cañones fault zone; CdCF—Cañada de Cochiti fault zone; EFS—Embudo fault system; JF—Jemez fault zone; JL—Jemez lineament; LB—La Bajada fault; PP—Pajarito Plateau; SCF—Santa Clara fault (Koning et al., 2004); SdC—Sangre de Cristo fault; SFR—Santa Fe Range; SP—St. Peter's Dome; VC—Valles-Toledo caldera complex, the source of the Bandelier Tuff. Modified from Gardner and Goff (1984).
Published: 01 June 2009
Figure 1. Map of the Rio Grande rift in northern New Mexico schematically showing location of the Pajarito fault system (PFS) with respect to other major fault systems (ball on downthrown side). Abbreviations: CF—Cañones fault zone; CdCF—Cañada de Cochiti fault zone; EFS—Embudo fault system; JF