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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Primary terms
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absolute age (11)
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Africa
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Asia
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Far East
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Himalayas
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carbon
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catalogs (1)
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Cenozoic
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Tertiary
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lower Tertiary (1)
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Muddy Creek Formation (3)
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Miocene
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middle Miocene (1)
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upper Miocene (1)
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Ogallala Formation (1)
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Pliocene (4)
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Paleogene
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Oligocene
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Frio Formation (1)
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Reptilia
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Overton Nevada
FIGURE 1— Locality map with Muddy Mountains Overton locality, Nevada, USA. ...
Seismic investigations in the Boulder Dam area in 1940
Paleogeographic implications of late Miocene lacustrine and nonmarine evaporite deposits in the Lake Mead region: Immediate precursors to the Colorado River
The central Basin and Range of the southwestern United States is known for large-magnitude Cenozoic extension and a unique combination of normal and major strike-slip faults. The Lake Mead region constitutes the eastern portion of this domain and has been the site of numerous mapping and detailed structural studies, which have led to several models explaining the complex faulting and folding of the region, as well as the tectonic drivers of this deformation. The syntectonic basin fill of the Oligocene-Miocene Horse Spring Formation records a considerable portion of this deformation. A more detailed understanding of the Horse Spring Formation is important to determining the deformation history of the area and to constraining regional tectonic reconstructions. In this study, we present results of detailed mapping and stratigraphic analyses of the Lower Horse Spring Formation in the Longwell Ridges area, Nevada. Detailed measured sections combined with 1:5,000 scale mapping allow us to recognize and document lithofacies and their detailed architecture within the Lower Horse Spring Formation and highlight the extreme lateral and vertical facies changes within this portion of the formation. New 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages and volcanic ash geochemical data support these analyses. These data record deposition within a range of environments, including alluvial-fan, lacustrine, and fluvial settings. Deposition occurred within an asymmetric basin with a main bounding fault lying east of the modern Overton Arm of Lake Mead. Activity on this fault began around 17 Ma and increased significantly at ca. 15.5 Ma.
New studies of selected basins in the Miocene extensional belt of the northern Lake Mead domain, southern Nevada, suggest refinements on previous models for the early extensional history of the region. Critical data come from (1) the Longwell Ridges area, west of Overton Arm and within the Lake Mead fault system; (2) the Salt Spring Wash Basin, in the hanging wall of the South Virgin Mountains–White Hills detachment fault; and (3) previously studied subbasins of the South Virgin Mountains in the Gold Butte step-over region. Our model focuses on the early history of extension and involves analysis of the lower Horse Spring Formation and correlative strata. The basins and fault patterns suggest two stages of basin development related to two distinct faulting episodes, an early period of detachment faulting, followed by a switch to faulting mainly along the Lake Mead transtensional fault system while detachment faulting waned. Apatite fission-track ages suggest that the footwall block of the detachment fault began cooling at 18–17 Ma. The 18–17 Ma time period appears to be the age of the upper limestone of the Rainbow Gardens Member of the Horse Spring Formation, which is interpreted to be a pre-extensional unit deposited only north of Gold Butte block in the Gold Butte step-over basin, where facies patterns and slow rates of sedimentation make faulting uncertain. The first definite basin stage occurred ca. 16.5–15.5 Ma, during which there was slow to moderate faulting and basin subsidence in a contiguous basin along the South Virgin Mountains–White Hills detachment fault and in the Gold Butte step-over basin; the step-over basin had complex fluvial and lacustrine facies and was synchronous with landslides and debris flows in the basin in the hanging wall of the detachment fault. At ca. 15.5–14.5 Ma, there was a dramatic increase in sedimentation rate related to formation or increased activity on the Gold Butte fault, a change from lacustrine to widespread fluvial, playa, and local landslide facies in the step-over basin, and the peak of exhumation and faulting rates on the detachment fault. The simple early Gold Butte step-over basin broke up into numerous subbasins at ca. 15.5–14.5 Ma as initial faults of the Lake Mead fault system formed. From 14.5 to 14.0 Ma, a major change occurred from dominantly detachment faulting to dominantly transtensional (strike-slip + normal) faulting in the Lake Mead fault system as detachment faulting waned. At this time, the Lake Mead fault system began to propagate to the west, and activity on faults and in subbasins north of Gold Butte slowed or ceased, accompanied by major progradation of alluvial conglomerates over the step-over basin. The geometry of the South Virgin Mountains–White Hills detachment fault that dominated the early Lake Mead extension history fundamentally controlled patterns of faulting and magmatism throughout the rest of the extensional history, even as the detachment faulting itself slowed from 14 to 11 Ma, when it ceased to be active. In a regional view, the detachment faulting in eastern Lake Mead is linked to and forms the northern end of the ca. 20–11 Ma northern Colorado River extension corridor. Similar to the rest of the corridor, faulting and exhumation peaked at 15 Ma, but at the north end of the corridor in eastern Lake Mead, detachment faulting changed rapidly to dominantly transtensional left-lateral faulting of the Lake Mead fault system. Eastern Lake Mead shows evidence for a spatial boundary between the southern and central Basin and Range that is best thought of as a northeast-southwest–trending feature located on numerous older tectonic boundaries. The area also records a temporal change from detachment to transtensional faulting characteristic of the central Basin and Range after 15 Ma.
Dinosaurs and dunes! Sedimentology and paleontology of the Mesozoic in the Valley of Fire State Park
Abstract This field trip covers sedimentological and paleontological research being conducted on the Jurassic Aztec Sandstone and Lower Cretaceous Willow Tank Formation in Valley of Fire State Park. Valley of Fire State Park is located in southern Nevada, just outside of the town of Overton. The Jurassic Aztec Sandstone is equivalent to the Navajo and Nugget Sandstones; these formations together record an aerially large erg complex along the western margin of North America during the time of deposition. Invertebrate and vertebrate ichnofossils are not uncommon in portions of these Jurassic formations. The Willow Tank Formation is composed of the deposits of both a braided and anastomosed fluvial system. This system drained off the paleohigh of the Sevier fold and thrust front to the west, during Early Cretaceous time. Recently a diverse vertebrate assemblage has been discovered from this formation. The fauna of the Willow Tank Formation are similar to other Early Cretaceous faunas from western North America. The vertebrate remains recovered include three taxa of fish, three to four taxa of turtle, crocodilian, iguanodontian, thyreophoran, dromaeosaur, tyrannosauroid, two theropod ootaxa, and a titanosauriform. In addition to the vertebrate elements, two fern morphotypes have been found. Through the course of this field trip participants will see extensive exposures of Aztec Sandstone, including vertebrate ichnofossils. Participants will also hike to vertebrate bearing-beds of the Willow Tank Formation.