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![Geologic map of the Ortokarnash manganese ore deposit showing the distribution of the orebodies and associated host rocks. A-A′ cross section of the Carboniferous-Permian sequence showing structural features including the anticline discussed in the main text (modified after Zhang, B.L., et al., 2018). Abbreviations: Form. = Formation, Ka. = Kalaatehe, Ku. = Kukebai, Ma. = Maerkanque-Kusaishan.]()
![Metallogenesis model for the Ortokarnash manganese carbonate ore deposit in Xinjiang province, China (modified after Roy, 2006).]()
![(A) Location map of the West Kunlun orogenic zone in China (modified from Fan and Yang, 1999); (B) Simplified tectonic units of the West Kunlun orogenic zone (modified from Zhang et al., 2020); (C) Geologic map of the Ortokarnash manganese deposit showing distributions of the orebodies and associated rocks (modified from Zhang et al., 2020). Abbreviations: Form. = Formation, Ka.= Kalaatehe, Ku. = Kukebai, Ma. = Maerkanque-Kusaishan.]()
![(A) Ce/Ce*PAAS vs. Y/HoPPAS and (B) Ce/Ce*PAAS vs. Nd for the Ortokarnash manganese carbonate ores based on Bau et al. (2014). Boundaries of each field are demarcated on the base of the distributions of data presented in Bau et al. (2014). Note that, in the diagram of Ce/Ce*PAAS vs. Nd, all analyzed Mn carbonate ores (gray squares) lie in the hydrogenetic Fe-Mn deposits field, assuming a constant ratio of REE diffusion loss (~90%) during the diagenetic conversion of precursor manganese oxides to Mn carbonates.]()
![PAAS-normalized REE+Y distributions of the Ortokarnash manganese carbonate ores and associated wall rocks. A. Manganese carbonates ore from the 3rd Member of the Kalaatehe Formation. Note that, for comparison, data of Muhu-Malkantu Mn carbonate ores (Chen et al., 2019), and of modern marine hydrogenetic ferromanganese deposits (Bau et al., 1996) are also plotted. B. Calcarenite and sandy limestone from the 1st Member of the Kalaatehe Formation. C. Sandy limestone, argillaceous limestone and marlstone from the 2nd Member of the Kalaatehe Formation. D. Marlstone and argillaceous limestone from the 3rd Member of the Kalaatehe Formation. PAAS data from McLennan (1989).]()
![Photomicrographs of the Mn-bearing sequence in Ortokarnash manganese deposit. (A) Organic-rich marlstone (Ort-93.6) showing the organic matter (OM) lamination intercalated within the carbonate and siliciclastic layers (plane-polarized light); (B) The organic-poor marlstone (Ort-81.0) is primarily composed of micritic calcite and minor evenly dispersed subangular quartz grains (plane-polarized light); (C) The Mn ore (Ort-87.3) showing alabandite intergrown with disseminated organic matter flakes within the Mn carbonate aggregates (reflected light); (D) Mn carbonate aggregates as dominate pure rhodochrosite, with little Ca, Mg, and Fe (backscattered electron image). Abbreviations: Ala = alabandite, Cal = calcite, Qtz = quartz, Rds = rhodochrosite.]()
![Model for deposition of Mn minerals during the late Carboniferous (~320 Ma) leading to the formation of the Ortokarnash Mn carbonate deposit (modified from Zhang et al., 2020), based on variations in the Osi of basinal seawater. (A) Osi = 0.28-0.35; initially a high abundance of hydrothermal inputs results in a low Osi in the basin. (B) Osi = 0.6; a transgression brings in more seawater and accelerates the mixing process between basinal seawater and the global ocean. (C) Osi = 0.8; enhanced riverine input during the transgression process creates conditions favorable for the Mn mineralization formation, including the input of oxygenated riverine water that promotes Mn(II) oxidation. This influx of continental runoff and global seawater also brings nutrients into the basin, leading to increased primary productivity and organic matter deposition, which in turn promotes the diagenetic production of Mn(II) carbonates in the sediments.]()
![Re-Os geochronologic results for the Mn carbonate ores (A), hanging-wall marlstones (B), and footwall marlstones (C) in the Ortokarnash Mn deposit. The Re-Os isotope data, including the 2σ calculated uncertainties for 187Re/188Os and 187Os/188Os and the associated error correlation function (rho), are regressed to yield a Re-Os date using Isoplot v.4.15 (A1, B, and C; Ludwig, 2003). The Mn carbonate ore samples are also regression calculated using a Monte Carlo approach (A2, Li et al., 2019), which consists of a Monte Carlo age simulation contour plot and Monte Carlo results of the analytical only and analytical + model uncertainties obtained from Monte Carlo simulation at the 2-sigma level. Bracketed age uncertainties include the uncertainty of the decay constant. MSWD = mean square of weighted deviates.]()
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1-13 OF 13 RESULTS FOR
Ortokarnash Deposit
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Journal Article
Petrography and Geochemistry of the Carboniferous Ortokarnash Manganese Deposit in the Western Kunlun Mountains, Xinjiang Province, China: Implications for the Depositional Environment and the Origin of Mineralization Available to Purchase
Journal: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 November 2020
Economic Geology (2020) 115 (7): 1559–1588.
...Bang-Lu Zhang; Chang-Le Wang; Leslie J. Robbins; Lian-Chang Zhang; Kurt O. Konhauser; Zhi-Guo Dong; Wen-Jun Li; Zi-Dong Peng; Meng-Tian Zheng Abstract The Upper Carboniferous Ortokarnash manganese ore deposit in the West Kunlun orogenic belt of the Xinjiang province in China is hosted...
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Journal Article
DIRECT Re-Os DATING OF MANGANESE CARBONATE ORES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE ORTOKARNASH MANGANESE DEPOSIT, NORTHWEST CHINA Available to Purchase
Journal: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 January 2022
Economic Geology (2022) 117 (1): 237–252.
... Ortokarnash Mn deposit in the West Kunlun orogenic belt, Xinjiang, China. The use of the Re-Os geochronometer, along with petrographic, whole-rock total organic carbon, and major element analyses, allows for the depositional age and mineralizing processes to be directly constrained. The Mn carbonate ores...
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Image
Geologic map of the Ortokarnash manganese ore deposit showing the distribut... Available to Purchase
in Petrography and Geochemistry of the Carboniferous Ortokarnash Manganese Deposit in the Western Kunlun Mountains, Xinjiang Province, China: Implications for the Depositional Environment and the Origin of Mineralization
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 November 2020
Fig. 3. Geologic map of the Ortokarnash manganese ore deposit showing the distribution of the orebodies and associated host rocks. A-A′ cross section of the Carboniferous-Permian sequence showing structural features including the anticline discussed in the main text (modified after Zhang, B.L
Image
Metallogenesis model for the Ortokarnash manganese carbonate ore deposit in... Available to Purchase
in Petrography and Geochemistry of the Carboniferous Ortokarnash Manganese Deposit in the Western Kunlun Mountains, Xinjiang Province, China: Implications for the Depositional Environment and the Origin of Mineralization
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 November 2020
Fig. 13. Metallogenesis model for the Ortokarnash manganese carbonate ore deposit in Xinjiang province, China (modified after Roy, 2006 ).
Image
(A) Location map of the West Kunlun orogenic zone in China (modified from F... Available to Purchase
in DIRECT Re-Os DATING OF MANGANESE CARBONATE ORES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE ORTOKARNASH MANGANESE DEPOSIT, NORTHWEST CHINA
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 January 2022
Fig. 1. (A) Location map of the West Kunlun orogenic zone in China (modified from Fan and Yang, 1999); (B) Simplified tectonic units of the West Kunlun orogenic zone (modified from Zhang et al., 2020 ); (C) Geologic map of the Ortokarnash manganese deposit showing distributions of the orebodies
Image
(A) Ce/Ce * PAAS vs. Y/Ho PPAS and (B) Ce/Ce * PAAS vs. Nd for the Ort... Available to Purchase
in Petrography and Geochemistry of the Carboniferous Ortokarnash Manganese Deposit in the Western Kunlun Mountains, Xinjiang Province, China: Implications for the Depositional Environment and the Origin of Mineralization
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 November 2020
Fig. 10. (A) Ce/Ce * PAAS vs. Y/Ho PPAS and (B) Ce/Ce * PAAS vs. Nd for the Ortokarnash manganese carbonate ores based on Bau et al. ( 2014 ). Boundaries of each field are demarcated on the base of the distributions of data presented in Bau et al. ( 2014 ). Note that, in the diagram of Ce/Ce
Image
PAAS-normalized REE+Y distributions of the Ortokarnash manganese carbonate ... Available to Purchase
in Petrography and Geochemistry of the Carboniferous Ortokarnash Manganese Deposit in the Western Kunlun Mountains, Xinjiang Province, China: Implications for the Depositional Environment and the Origin of Mineralization
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 November 2020
Fig. 8. PAAS-normalized REE+Y distributions of the Ortokarnash manganese carbonate ores and associated wall rocks. A. Manganese carbonates ore from the 3 rd Member of the Kalaatehe Formation. Note that, for comparison, data of Muhu-Malkantu Mn carbonate ores ( Chen et al., 2019 ), and of modern
Image
Photomicrographs of the Mn-bearing sequence in Ortokarnash manganese deposi... Available to Purchase
in DIRECT Re-Os DATING OF MANGANESE CARBONATE ORES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE ORTOKARNASH MANGANESE DEPOSIT, NORTHWEST CHINA
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 January 2022
Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of the Mn-bearing sequence in Ortokarnash manganese deposit. (A) Organic-rich marlstone (Ort-93.6) showing the organic matter (OM) lamination intercalated within the carbonate and siliciclastic layers (plane-polarized light); (B) The organic-poor marlstone (Ort-81.0
Image
Model for deposition of Mn minerals during the late Carboniferous (~320 Ma)... Available to Purchase
in DIRECT Re-Os DATING OF MANGANESE CARBONATE ORES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE ORTOKARNASH MANGANESE DEPOSIT, NORTHWEST CHINA
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 January 2022
Fig. 7. Model for deposition of Mn minerals during the late Carboniferous (~320 Ma) leading to the formation of the Ortokarnash Mn carbonate deposit (modified from Zhang et al., 2020 ), based on variations in the Os i of basinal seawater. (A) Os i = 0.28-0.35; initially a high abundance
Image
Re-Os geochronologic results for the Mn carbonate ores (A), hanging-wall ma... Available to Purchase
in DIRECT Re-Os DATING OF MANGANESE CARBONATE ORES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE ORTOKARNASH MANGANESE DEPOSIT, NORTHWEST CHINA
> Economic Geology
Published: 01 January 2022
Fig. 5. Re-Os geochronologic results for the Mn carbonate ores (A), hanging-wall marlstones (B), and footwall marlstones (C) in the Ortokarnash Mn deposit. The Re-Os isotope data, including the 2 σ calculated uncertainties for 187 Re/ 188 Os and 187 Os/ 188 Os and the associated error
Journal Article
Carboniferous bimodal volcanic sequences along the Northeastern Pamir: Evidence for back-arc extension due to northward subduction of the Paleo-Tethys Open Access
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 21 February 2024
GSA Bulletin (2024) 136 (9-10): 3769–3785.
... – 600 [ in Chinese ]. Zhang , B.L. , Wang , C.L. , Robbins , L.J. , Zhang , L.C. , Konhauser , K.O. , Dong , Z.G. , Li , W.J. , Peng , Z.D. , and Zheng , M.T. , 2020 , Petrography and geochemistry of the Carboniferous Ortokarnash manganese deposit...
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Journal Article
A New Model for the Genesis of Carboniferous Mn Ores, Longtou Deposit, South China Block Available to Purchase
Journal: Economic Geology
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Published: 01 January 2022
Economic Geology (2022) 117 (1): 107–125.
... , K.O. , Dong , Z.G. , Li , W.J. , Peng , Z.D. , and Zheng , M.T. , 2020 , Petrography and geochemistry of the Carboniferous Ortokarnash manganese deposit in the Western Kunlun Mountains, Xinjiang Province, China: Implications for the depositional environment and the origin...
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Includes: Supplemental Content
Journal Article
Mineralogy of the 1.45 Ga Wafangzi manganese deposit in North China: Implications for pulsed Mesoproterozoic oxygenation events Available to Purchase
Journal: American Mineralogist
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Published: 01 April 2024
American Mineralogist (2024) 109 (4): 764–784.
.... , Wang , C.L. , Robbins , L.J. , Zhang , L.C. , Konhauser , K.O. , Dong , Z.G. , Li , W.J. , Peng , Z.D. , and Zheng , M.T. ( 2020 ) Petrography and geochemistry of the Carboniferous Ortokarnash Manganese deposit in the Western Kunlun Mountains, Xinjiang Province, China...
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Includes: Supplemental Content
