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Oregon Trail Belt

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Journal Article
Published: 22 December 2006
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2006) 43 (10): 1445–1466.
... orthogneisses, and the ∼2.86 Ga Barlow Gap Group. The Sacawee block basement is characterized by negative ε Nd values and Paleoarchean Nd crustal residence model ages. A broad east–west-trending zone of Neoarchean high strain, which is part of the Oregon Trail structural belt, transects the Sacawee block...
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Series: DNAG, Centennial Field Guides
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.1130/0-8137-5402-X.213
EISBN: 9780813754086
... of the famous Oregon Trail. Monuments mark the position of the Emigrant. ...
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Geologic map of the Wyoming Province showing the outcrop of Precambrian rocks. Line A–A′ is the approximate line for the geologic sketch in Fig. 13. MHSB, Mount Helen structural belt; OTSB, Oregon Trail structural belt.
Published: 06 January 2007
Fig. 1. Geologic map of the Wyoming Province showing the outcrop of Precambrian rocks. Line A–A′ is the approximate line for the geologic sketch in Fig.  13 . MHSB, Mount Helen structural belt; OTSB, Oregon Trail structural belt.
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(A) Geologic map and time line of the North American Cordillera, and the northwestern United States study area, where Proterozoic rocks of the Belt Supergroup, Deer Trail Group, Buffalo Hump Formation, and Windermere Supergroup outcrop adjacent to the edge of Laurentia. Extent of the Grenville Province is shown on the inset map. Neoproterozoic rift geometry and structures are indicated (after Lund et al., 2010). (B) Stratigraphy of the study region (after Box et al., 2020) and photo of the cobble analyzed. Paleocurrent measurements indicate a mean vector to the northwest, roughly perpendicular to the Jumpoff Joe thrust fault. Abbreviations: ChUMP—Chuar–Uinta Mountain–middle Pahrump Group; BSG—Belt Supergroup, DTG—Deer Trail Group, BHF—Buffalo Hump Formation; GB—Gun Barrel, WSG—Windermere Supergroup, PM—passive margin; €—Cambrian. State/province abbreviations: BC—British Columbia, Canada; WA—Washington; MT—Montana; OR—Oregon; ID—Idaho; NV—Nevada; WY—Wyoming; UT—Utah; CO—Colorado; AZ—Arizona; NM—New Mexico.
Published: 05 February 2021
Figure 1. (A) Geologic map and time line of the North American Cordillera, and the northwestern United States study area, where Proterozoic rocks of the Belt Supergroup, Deer Trail Group, Buffalo Hump Formation, and Windermere Supergroup outcrop adjacent to the edge of Laurentia. Extent
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Map of the Archean Wyoming Province. Dashed area represents the extent of the Wyoming Province into adjacent states. Archean-cored uplifts are shown in gray. The broad east–west-trending Oregon Trail structural belt (OTSB) (presented as the Oregon Trail structure in Chamberlain et al. 2003) is shown as a zone extending from South Pass in the southern Wind River Range, through the Granite Mountains, and into the northern Laramie Mountains. MMP (Montana metasedimentary province), Bighorn, and Sweetwater subprovince boundaries are from Chamberlain et al. (2003). The SAT (Southern Accreted Terranes, C.D. Frost et al. 2006b) subprovince includes the former SM-MB (Sierra Madre – Medicine Bow) block of Chamberlain et al. (2003), as well as the South Pass and Ferris–Seminoe Mountain terrains that are now recognized as accreted terranes (C.D. Frost et al. 2006b). Note the southern boundary of the Sweetwater subprovince has been modified slightly as a result of new data. BH, Bighorn Mountains; BT, Beartooth Mountains; LM, Laramie Mountains; OC, Owl Creek Mountains; WR, Wind River Range.
Published: 22 December 2006
Fig. 1. Map of the Archean Wyoming Province. Dashed area represents the extent of the Wyoming Province into adjacent states. Archean-cored uplifts are shown in gray. The broad east–west-trending Oregon Trail structural belt (OTSB) (presented as the Oregon Trail structure in Chamberlain et al
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Map showing the location of Precambrian-cored Laramie-age uplifts in the Wyoming Province. Archean rocks lie north of the Cheyenne belt (CB) and southeast of the Great Falls Tectonic Zone (GFTZ). The Oregon Trail structural belt (OTSB) (adapted from Chamberlain et al. 2003; Grace et al. 2006) separates the older rocks of the Beartooth–Bighorn magmatic zone (BBMZ) and Montana metasedimentary province (MMP) (Mueller et al. 1996) from the southern accreted terranes (SAT). Boxes identify the locations of the three supracrustal belts that are the focus of this study; geologic maps of these areas are presented in Figs. 2, 4 and 6. N MR, north Madison Range; S MR, south Madison Range; TR, Tobacco Root Mountains; Blk. Rock, Black Rock Mountain; R. Hills, Rattlesnake Hills.
Published: 12 January 2007
Fig. 1. Map showing the location of Precambrian-cored Laramie-age uplifts in the Wyoming Province. Archean rocks lie north of the Cheyenne belt (CB) and southeast of the Great Falls Tectonic Zone (GFTZ). The Oregon Trail structural belt (OTSB) (adapted from Chamberlain et al. 2003 ; Grace et al
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Distribution of supracrustal rocks and late Archean shear zones in the south central Wyoming Province. The supracrustal rocks occur in east–west belts that young to the south and may have been deposited in back-arc pull-apart basins that preceded resurgences of arc magmatism. The difference in composition and the out-of-sequence ages for the supracrustal rocks in the Sierra Madre and Medicine Bow Mountains relative to the rest of the province, are interpreted as evidence these rocks are part of an exotic Archean microcontinent. The Mount Helen structural zone in the Wind River Range (Fig. 2) and the Miners Canyon shear zone in the Ferris Mountains (Fig. 3) may be remnants of a regional deformation zone, ca. 2.70 Ga, subparallel to the basin boundaries. The Oregon Trail structure is also subparallel to basin boundaries and was active ca. 2.62 Ga.
Published: 10 October 2003
(Fig.  2 ) and the Miners Canyon shear zone in the Ferris Mountains (Fig.  3 ) may be remnants of a regional deformation zone, ca. 2.70 Ga, subparallel to the basin boundaries. The Oregon Trail structure is also subparallel to basin boundaries and was active ca. 2.62 Ga.
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Location maps of late Archean plutons exposed in the Wyoming Province. (A) The 2.90–2.75 Ga plutons comprise both high-Na, tonalite–trondjemite–granodiorite suites and high-K, calc-alkaline plutons. The limits of magmatism during this period appear to coincide with two structural features, the North Snowy block (NSB) in southwestern Montana, and the Oregon Trail structure – Geochronologic Front (OT-GF) in south central Wyoming. (B–D) depict locations of three periods of calc-alkaline magmatism that reworked the western and southern portions of the older magmatic province (dashed outline) while adding some juvenile material to the craton. The curvilinear forms of these magmatic belts and the chemical and isotopic compositions of the plutons have been interpreted as evidence for a long-lived, active margin in the late Archean (Frost et al. 1998a, 2000).
Published: 10 October 2003
, the North Snowy block (NSB) in southwestern Montana, and the Oregon Trail structure – Geochronologic Front (OT-GF) in south central Wyoming. (B–D) depict locations of three periods of calc-alkaline magmatism that reworked the western and southern portions of the older magmatic province (dashed outline
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Subprovinces of the Wyoming Province based on distinct late Archean histories. See text for discussion. MMP, Montana metasedimentary province; HU-BH, Hartville Uplift – Black Hills block; SM-MB ex, Sierra Madre – Medicine Bow exotic block. Cheyenne belt (CB) and Great Falls tectonic zone (GFTZ) are Proterozoic boundaries. The Black Hills (BH) and Dakotan orogen (DO) define the eastern limit of the Wyoming Province. The Oregon Trail structure – Geochronologic Front (OTS-GF) is a late Archean structure reactivated during the Paleoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic, and Cretaceous. Shaded regions labeled extension (ext.) encompass areas with mafic dikes of that age; ca. 1.5 Ga dikes are shown schematically. Locations of Deep Probe geophysical transect and 106th gravity profile (Snelson et al. 1998) are shown for reference to Fig. 9.
Published: 10 October 2003
(GFTZ) are Proterozoic boundaries. The Black Hills (BH) and Dakotan orogen (DO) define the eastern limit of the Wyoming Province. The Oregon Trail structure – Geochronologic Front (OTS-GF) is a late Archean structure reactivated during the Paleoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic, and Cretaceous. Shaded
Journal Article
Published: 10 October 2003
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2003) 40 (10): 1357–1374.
... (Fig.  2 ) and the Miners Canyon shear zone in the Ferris Mountains (Fig.  3 ) may be remnants of a regional deformation zone, ca. 2.70 Ga, subparallel to the basin boundaries. The Oregon Trail structure is also subparallel to basin boundaries and was active ca. 2.62 Ga. ...
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(a) Index map of the Wyoming Province (white) showing the general east–west trend of the exposed Precambrian basement within the Granite Mountains as compared with the northwest–southeast trend of most of the other Laramide uplifts in Wyoming. Archean rocks are dark gray, and Proterozoic rocks are light gray. OTSB, Oregon Trail structural belt, a zone of Neoarchean high-strain in south-central Wyoming interpreted to be at or near the craton margin at 2.65 Ga (Grace et al. 2006; Frost et al. 2006c); MCSZ, Miners Canyon shear zone, a mylonitic shear zone that extends from the Ferris Mountains eastward to the Shirley Mountains; MHSB, Mt. Helen structural belt; BT, Beartooth Mountains; BH, Bighorn Mountains; WR, Wind River Mountains; OC, Owl Creek Mountains; LM, Laramie Mountains; SM, Sierra Madre. (Figure adapted from Chamberlain et al. 2003). (b) Regional map showing east–west-trending structures in the Granite Mountains region of central Wyoming. The Sweetwater Arch, a broad topographic arch in central Wyoming that was uplifted during the Laramide orogeny, has since been down-dropped along east–west-trending normal faults on the northern and southern edges of the uplift. The location of the study area is shown by the dark gray rectangle. FM, Ferris Mountains; BM, Bear Mountain; SeM, Seminoe Mountains; and ShM, Shirley Mountains; all form the southernmost edge of the Sweetwater Arch. (Figure modified from Love and Christiansen (1985), and Bohn (1990)).
Published: 11 December 2006
, and Proterozoic rocks are light gray. OTSB, Oregon Trail structural belt, a zone of Neoarchean high-strain in south-central Wyoming interpreted to be at or near the craton margin at 2.65 Ga ( Grace et al. 2006 ; Frost et al. 2006 c ); MCSZ, Miners Canyon shear zone, a mylonitic shear zone that extends from
Journal Article
Journal: Lithosphere
Publisher: GSW
Published: 20 December 2018
Lithosphere (2019) 11 (1): 129–148.
..., OCMD—Owl Creek magmatic domain, PQVF—Paleogene–Quaternary volcanic field, OTSB—Oregon Trail structural belt, SAT—Southern accreted terranes, WRGD—Wind River gneiss domain, WRMD—Wind River magmatic domain. Supracrustal belts: BG—Barlow Gap, BR—Black Rock, BP—Bradley Peak, CM—Copper Mountain, ER—Elmers...
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Map of the Granite Mountains showing Archean rock units. The Oregon Trail structural belt (OTSB) is shown as a broad zone across the northern Granite Mountains. Thick solid black and dashed gray lines indicate the locations of exposed shear zones that are interpreted to be part of the OTSB. The latter are shear zones where deformation has been dated at ∼2.63–2.65 Ga. The Long Creek Mountain shear zone (LCMSZ) was dated by Ludwig and Stuckless (1978), Langstaff (1995), and Fruchey (2002), the Tin Cup ductile feformation zone (TCDDZ) by Langstaff (1995) and Fruchey (2002), the McDougal Gulch shear zone (MGSZ) by Fruchey (2002), and the shear zones in West Sage Hen Rocks and Beulah Belle Lake are dated in this study. U–Pb sample locations in West Sage Hen Rocks (01SWP11) and Black Rock Draw (01SWP4, 5) are marked by stars. Samples from the Beulah Belle Lake area are shown in Fig. 3. The extent of the Sacawee block is shown as the lightly shaded swath. Data are from Ludwig and Stuckless (1978), Peterman and Hildreth (1978), Fischer and Stacey (1986), Langstaff (1995), Kruckenberg et al. (2001), Fruchey (2002), and Grace (2004).
Published: 22 December 2006
Fig. 2. Map of the Granite Mountains showing Archean rock units. The Oregon Trail structural belt (OTSB) is shown as a broad zone across the northern Granite Mountains. Thick solid black and dashed gray lines indicate the locations of exposed shear zones that are interpreted to be part
Journal Article
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 September 2004
Geology (2004) 32 (9): 777–780.
... avoids the problem of minimal tangential stretching, explains the anthracite basins as trailing-edge graben and basin structures against the autochthonous Pocono Plateau, and produces the Nittany-Juniata culmination as an overprinted pileup of duplexes in the central zone. The model of detachment...
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Precambrian basement map of Wyoming showing geological domains interpreted from aeromagnetic data and major tectonic elements, after Sims et al. (2001). Orange represents Laramide Precambrian exposures with pertinent ages of granitic plutons, and brown represents gneiss exposures. Magmatic/gneiss domains are shown in yellow/light brown to correlate with Precambrian exposures. Major Precambrian shear zones are shown by wavy pattern. Rose diagrams represent Precambrian fabric data discussed in the text. BBMD—Beartooth-Bighorn magmatic domain, BGD—Bighorn gneiss domain, LSSZ—Lake Surprise shear zone, LGD—Laramie gneiss domain, LMD—Laramie magmatic domain, LPSS—Laramie Peak shear system, MBGD—Medicine Bow gneiss domain, MHSB—Mount Helen structural belt, OCMD—Owl Creek magmatic domain, PQVF—Paleogene–Quaternary volcanic field, OTSB—Oregon Trail structural belt, SAT—Southern accreted terranes, WRGD—Wind River gneiss domain, WRMD—Wind River magmatic domain. Supracrustal belts: BG—Barlow Gap, BR—Black Rock, BP—Bradley Peak, CM—Copper Mountain, ER—Elmers Rock, MM—Medina Mountain, PL—Phantom Lake, RH—Rattlesnake Hills, SP—South Pass, SM—Spanish Mine. Supracrustal belt ages and subprovince boundaries after Chamberlain et al. (2003). Pluton age references: 1—Mueller et al. (1998); 2—Arth et al. (1980); 3—Hedge et al. (1996); 4—Chamberlain et al. (2003); 5—Frost et al. (2000); 6—Frost et al. (1998); 7—Sims (2009); 8—Frost (1993); 9—Hills and Armstrong (1974). Tectonic elements after Love and Christiansen (1985), Sims et al. (2001), Kraatz (2002), Resor and Snoke (2005), and Finn et al. (2010). See Figure 1 for tectonic and geologic details.
Published: 20 December 2018
Surprise shear zone, LGD—Laramie gneiss domain, LMD—Laramie magmatic domain, LPSS—Laramie Peak shear system, MBGD—Medicine Bow gneiss domain, MHSB—Mount Helen structural belt, OCMD—Owl Creek magmatic domain, PQVF—Paleogene–Quaternary volcanic field, OTSB—Oregon Trail structural belt, SAT—Southern accreted
Journal Article
Published: 29 May 2012
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2012) 49 (6): 709–731.
... 1988 ) and southeastern British Columbia (Omineca Belt; Monger et al. 1982 ) are discussed in the text. State abbreviations: CA, California; ID, Idaho; MT, Montana; NV, Nevada; OR, Oregon; WA, Washington; WY, Wyoming. Area covered in Fig. 2 (west-central Idaho) indicated by bold outline. Modified...
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Journal Article
Published: 11 December 2006
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2006) 43 (10): 1467–1487.
..., and Proterozoic rocks are light gray. OTSB, Oregon Trail structural belt, a zone of Neoarchean high-strain in south-central Wyoming interpreted to be at or near the craton margin at 2.65 Ga ( Grace et al. 2006 ; Frost et al. 2006 c ); MCSZ, Miners Canyon shear zone, a mylonitic shear zone that extends from...
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(a) Tectonic model 1 for the evolution of the Sacawee block. This model assumes the Sacawee block was part of the Wyoming Province, but was rifted off the margin at ∼2.86 Ga (Fruchey 2002). Closure of the oceanic basin between the Sacawee block and the Wyoming Province causes the deformation observed at Barlow Gap (Fruchey 2002) and Black Rock Mountain (Kruckenberg et al. 2001). Rattlesnake Hills and Ferris–Seminoe mountains supracrustal rocks were deposited in an oceanic basin (Fruchey 2002; Bowers and Chamberlain 2006; C.D. Frost et al. 2006b). Accretion of exotic blocks, such as the Ferris–Seminoe and the Sierra Madre blocks caused ∼2.63–2.65 Ga deformation and magmatism. See text for discussion. (b) Tectonic model 2 for the evolution of the Sacawee block. This model assumes the Sacawee block was an exotic block accreted to the margin of the Wyoming Province at ∼2.65 Ga. Accretion of additional blocks caused the ∼2.62 Ga magmatism of the Granite Mountains batholith (GMB). In this scenario, Rattlesnake Hills Group and Ferris–Seminoe Mountains supracrustal rocks were deposited in separate basins (Fruchey 2002). See text for discussion. BBMZ, Beartooth–Bighorn magmatic zone (C.D. Frost et al. 2006a); BBL, Beulah Belle Lake; FMB, Ferris Mountains block; GMB, Granite Mountains batholith; MGSZ, McDougal Gulch shear zone; OTSB, Oregon Trail structural belt; SM, Sierra Madre block; WSH, West Sage Hen Rocks.
Published: 22 December 2006
et al. 2006 a ); BBL, Beulah Belle Lake; FMB, Ferris Mountains block; GMB, Granite Mountains batholith; MGSZ, McDougal Gulch shear zone; OTSB, Oregon Trail structural belt; SM, Sierra Madre block; WSH, West Sage Hen Rocks.
Journal Article
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 September 2013
Geology (2013) 41 (9): 1027–1030.
... are major Cascade volcanoes: Mount Baker (B), Glacier Peak (G), Mount Rainier (R), Three Sisters (TS), and Mount McLoughlin (M). Red lines show Yakima fold-and-thrust belt. BC—British Columbia; WA—Washington; OR—Oregon; CA—California; NV—Nevada. B: Block velocities (arrows) from GPS ( McCaffrey et al., 2007...
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Journal Article
Journal: Lithosphere
Publisher: GSW
Published: 30 June 2017
Lithosphere (2017) 9 (5): 683–701.
... of the Salmon River belt and Wallowa terrane: Implications for terrane accretion in northeastern Oregon and west-central Idaho : Geological Society of America Bulletin , v. 117 , p. 687 – 706 , doi:10.1130/B25411.1. Gray , K.D. , Watkinson , A.J. , Gaschnig , R.M. , and Isakson , V.H...
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