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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Kalahari Desert (1)
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Southern Africa
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Botswana (1)
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Primary terms
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Africa
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Australasia
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carbon
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Europe
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geochemistry (1)
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ichnofossils (2)
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igneous rocks
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volcanic rocks
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flood basalts (1)
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Invertebrata
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isotopes
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paleoclimatology (2)
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Precambrian
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upper Precambrian
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Damara System (1)
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sea-level changes (1)
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sediments
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South America
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Argentina (1)
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Brazil
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Rio Grande do Sul Brazil (1)
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Parana Basin (1)
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weathering (1)
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rock formations
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Karoo Supergroup (4)
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Santa Maria Formation (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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sedimentary rocks
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clastic rocks
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sedimentary structures
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burrows (1)
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sediments
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sediments
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clastic sediments
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loess (1)
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Omingonde Formation
Changing Fluvial Environments and Vertebrate Taphonomy in Response to Climatic Drying in a Mid-Triassic Rift Valley Fill: The Omingonde Formation (Karoo Supergroup) of Central Namibia
FIGURE 4 —Stratigraphy of the Omingonde Formation. (A) General view of Omin...
FIGURE 2 —The present outcrop area of the Omingonde Formation in Northern N...
FIGURE 5 —Composite sedimentological logs from the Omingonde Formation expo...
FIGURE 11 —Omingonde Formation therapsids. (A) Isolated lower jaw of Cynog...
LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE ELLIOT FORMATION (KAROO SUPERGROUP), SOUTH AFRICA
FIGURE 17 —Summary of the changing landscapes in the Otjiwarongo Basin from...
TABLE 2 —Summary of the lithofacies, interpreted paleoenvironments, and tap...
FIGURE 12 —Examples of the taphonomic modes of vertebrate burrows and rewor...
FIGURE 9 —Pedogenic features of three successive stages in the maturation o...
FIGURE 6 —Summary of the stratigraphy, depositional environments, and verte...
FIGURE 8 —Upper Omingonde sediments and paleosols. (A) Soft sediment-deform...
Implications of a new 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age for a basalt flow interbedded with the Etjo Formation, Northeast Namibia
27 th Du Toit Memorial Lecture: Re-uniting lost continents – Fossil reptiles from the ancient Karoo and their wanderlust
Anatomy of the holotype of ‘ Probelesodon ’ kitchingi revisited, a chiniquodontid cynodont (Synapsida, Probainognathia) from the early Late Triassic of southern Brazil
Biostratigraphy of the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone (Beaufort Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa
U-Pb detrital zircon age determination and provenance of the lower Karoo succession from the Karoo Research Initiative (KARIN) borehole KWV-1, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Loess in eastern equatorial Pangea archives a dusty atmosphere and possible upland glaciation
DWELLING IN THE DEAD ZONE—VERTEBRATE BURROWS IMMEDIATELY SUCCEEDING THE END-PERMIAN EXTINCTION EVENT IN AUSTRALIA
The Triassic timescale based on nonmarine tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology
Abstract The Triassic timescale based on nonmarine tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology divides Triassic time into eight land-vertebrate faunachrons (LVFs) with boundaries defined by the first appearance datums (FADs) of tetrapod genera or, in two cases, the FADs of a tetrapod species. Definition and characterization of these LVFs is updated here as follows: the beginning of the Lootsbergian LVF=FAD of Lystrosaurus ; the beginning of the Nonesian=FAD Cynognathus ; the beginning of the Perovkan LVF=FAD Eocyclotosaurus ; the beginning of the Berdyankian LVF=FAD Mastodonsaurus giganteus ; the beginning of the Otischalkian LVF=FAD Parasuchus ; the beginning of the Adamanian LVF=FAD Rutiodon ; the beginning of the Revueltian LVF=FAD Typothorax coccinarum ; and the beginning of the Apachean LVF=FAD Redondasaurus . The end of the Apachean (= beginning of the Wasonian LVF, near the beginning of the Jurassic) is the FAD of the crocodylomorph Protosuchus . The Early Triassic tetrapod LVFs, Lootsbergian and Nonesian, have characteristic tetrapod assemblages in the Karoo basin of South Africa, the Lystrosaurus assemblage zone and the lower two-thirds of the Cynognathus assemblage zone, respectively. The Middle Triassic LVFs, Perovkan and Berdyankian, have characteristic assemblages from the Russian Ural foreland basin, the tetrapod assemblages of the Donguz and the Bukobay svitas, respectively. The Late Triassic LVFs, Otischalkian, Adamanian, Revueltian and Apachean, have characteristic assemblages in the Chinle basin of the western USA, the tetrapod assemblages of the Colorado City Formation of Texas, Blue Mesa Member of the Petrified Forest Formation in Arizona, and Bull Canyon and Redonda formations in New Mexico. Since the Triassic LVFs were introduced, several subdivisions have been proposed: Lootsbergian can be divided into three sub-LVFs, Nonesian into two, Adamanian into two and Revueltian into three. However, successful inter-regional correlation of most of these sub-LVFs remains to be demonstrated. Occasional records of nonmarine Triassic tetrapods in marine strata, palynostratigraphy, conchostracan biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy and radioisotopic ages provide some basis for correlation of the LVFs to the standard global chronostratigraphic scale. These data indicate that Lootsbergian=uppermost Changshingian, Induan and possibly earliest Olenekian; Nonesian=much of the Olenekian; Perovkan=most of the Anisian; Berdyankian=latest Anisian? and Ladinian; Otischalkian=early to late Carnian; Adamanian=most of the late Carnian; Revueltian=early–middle Norian; and Apachean=late Norian–Rhaetian. The Triassic timescale based on tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology remains a robust tool for the correlation of nonmarine Triassic tetrapod assemblages independent of the marine timescale.