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NARROW
Format
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Journal
Publisher
Section
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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Afar (1)
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Blue Nile (1)
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Central Africa
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Burundi (1)
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Rwanda (1)
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Congo Craton (5)
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East Africa
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Ethiopia
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Tigray Ethiopia (1)
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Wallo Ethiopia (1)
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Kenya
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East Turkana Basin (1)
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Mozambique (1)
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Tanzania (4)
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Uganda (3)
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East African Rift (2)
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Nile River (1)
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North Africa
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Atlas Mountains
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Moroccan Atlas Mountains
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Anti-Atlas (3)
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Egypt
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Nile Delta (1)
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Morocco
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Anti-Atlas (3)
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Nubian Shield (1)
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Southern Africa
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Botswana (1)
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Kaapvaal Craton (6)
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Namibia
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South Africa
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Bushveld Complex (2)
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Limpopo South Africa (1)
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Mpumalanga South Africa
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North-West Province South Africa (1)
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Transvaal region (1)
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Zimbabwe (3)
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West Africa
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Ghana (2)
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Asia
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Far East
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China
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Indian Peninsula
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Northeastern India
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West Bengal India
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Indian Shield (7)
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Irkutsk Russian Federation (4)
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Middle East
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Turkey
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Zagros (1)
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Sayan
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Siberia (16)
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Yenisei Ridge (10)
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Western Transbaikalia (1)
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Atlantic Ocean
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Atlantic region (1)
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Australasia
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Lachlan fold belt (2)
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New South Wales Australia (2)
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Northern Territory Australia
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Pine Creek Geosyncline (1)
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Queensland Australia
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Georgetown Inlier (2)
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Mount Isa Australia (2)
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Mount Isa Inlier (4)
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South Australia
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Gawler Craton (3)
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Olympic Dam Deposit (2)
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Tasmania Australia (6)
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Victoria Australia (1)
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Western Australia
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Canning Basin (2)
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Carnarvon Basin (1)
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Halls Creek Orogen (1)
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Hamersley Province (1)
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Norseman Australia (1)
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Pilbara Craton (5)
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Yilgarn (1)
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Yilgarn Craton (6)
-
-
-
New Zealand
-
Canterbury New Zealand
-
Banks Peninsula (1)
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Canterbury Plains (1)
-
-
Rangitata River (1)
-
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Papua New Guinea (1)
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Baker Lake (1)
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Black Hills (1)
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Cache Valley (1)
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Caledonides (6)
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Canada
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Arctic Archipelago (2)
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Eastern Canada
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Baffin Island (5)
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Gander Zone (1)
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Maritime Provinces
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Nova Scotia
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Cape Breton Island (1)
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-
-
Meguma Terrane (1)
-
Newfoundland and Labrador
-
Labrador
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Nain Massif (1)
-
-
Newfoundland
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Avalon Peninsula (1)
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Baie Verte Peninsula (1)
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Buchans Newfoundland and Labrador (1)
-
-
-
Ontario
-
Algoma District Ontario
-
Wawa Ontario (1)
-
-
Sudbury District Ontario (1)
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Sudbury igneous complex (1)
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Sudbury Structure (1)
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-
Quebec
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Abitibi County Quebec
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Val d'Or Quebec (1)
-
-
Saguenay County Quebec
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Schefferville Quebec (1)
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-
Sigma Mine (1)
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-
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Labrador Trough (3)
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-
Nunavut
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Baffin Island (5)
-
Boothia Peninsula (2)
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Ellesmere Island (1)
-
Sverdrup Islands
-
Axel Heiberg Island (1)
-
-
-
Queen Elizabeth Islands
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Ellesmere Island (1)
-
Sverdrup Islands
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Axel Heiberg Island (1)
-
-
-
Ungava (2)
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Western Canada
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Alberta (9)
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Athabasca Basin (7)
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British Columbia
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Kimberley British Columbia (1)
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Canadian Cordillera (3)
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Canadian Rocky Mountains (1)
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Lake Athabasca (1)
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Manitoba
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Northwest Territories
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Great Slave Lake (4)
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Lac de Gras (1)
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Mackenzie Delta (1)
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Yellowknife Northwest Territories (2)
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Reindeer Zone (1)
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Saskatchewan
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Beaverlodge (3)
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Selwyn Basin (1)
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Yukon Territory (3)
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-
-
Caribbean region
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West Indies
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Antilles
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-
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Chugach Terrane (1)
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Colorado River (1)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Caucasus (1)
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Kazakhstan (1)
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Kyrgyzstan (1)
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Russian Federation
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Baikal region (1)
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Bashkortostan Russian Federation (1)
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Irkutsk Russian Federation (4)
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Karelia Russian Federation (1)
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Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation (7)
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Murmansk Russian Federation
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Kola Peninsula (1)
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Russian Arctic (1)
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Siberian Platform
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Anabar Shield (2)
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Yakutia region (1)
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Yenisei Ridge (10)
-
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Tunguska Syneclise (1)
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Western Transbaikalia (1)
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Yakutia Russian Federation
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Anabar Shield (2)
-
-
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Tajikistan (1)
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Turanian Platform (1)
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Turkmenia
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Karakum (1)
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Urals
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Eucla Basin (2)
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Eurasia (3)
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Europe
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Central Europe
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Germany
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Poland (1)
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Lapland
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Murmansk Russian Federation
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Southern Europe
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Portugal (2)
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Spain
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Italy
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Western Europe
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Scandinavia
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Norway
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Trondelag (1)
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Sweden
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United Kingdom
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Great Britain
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Scotland
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Hebrides
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Outer Hebrides (3)
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Highland region Scotland
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Moine thrust zone (4)
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Franklin Mountains (1)
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Indian Ocean
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Mexico
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North America
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Basin and Range Province (2)
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Rae Province (21)
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Flin Flon Belt (1)
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Superior Province
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Taltson magmatic zone (1)
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Coast plutonic complex (1)
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North American Cordillera
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Saint Lawrence River (1)
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Western Interior
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Orcadian Basin (1)
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Pacific Ocean
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East Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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-
-
North Pacific
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Northeast Pacific
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Gulf of California (1)
-
-
-
South Pacific
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Southwest Pacific
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-
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West Pacific
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Perth Basin (1)
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San Bernardino Mountains (1)
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South America
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Argentina
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Brazil
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United States
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Alabama
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Tallapoosa County Alabama (1)
-
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Alaska
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Mount Michelson Quadrangle (1)
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Arizona
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Coconino County Arizona (2)
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Mohave County Arizona (1)
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Arkansas
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Blue Ridge Mountains (1)
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California
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Carolina Terrane (1)
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Idaho
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Snake River plain (1)
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Idaho Batholith (1)
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Massachusetts
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Suffolk County Massachusetts
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-
-
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Michigan
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Michigan Upper Peninsula
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Midcontinent (2)
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Mojave Desert (3)
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Montana
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Gallatin County Montana (1)
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North Carolina
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Southwestern U.S. (3)
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Utah
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Daggett County Utah (1)
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Washington
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commodities
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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chemical ratios (1)
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halogens
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hydrogen
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isotope ratios (110)
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-
radioactive isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
-
C-14 (1)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (7)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (6)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (5)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (2)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (13)
-
-
stable isotopes
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
-
C-13/C-12 (19)
-
D/H (3)
-
He-4 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (36)
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (36)
-
Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (34)
-
Os-188/Os-187 (5)
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (7)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (6)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (3)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (5)
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (2)
-
S-33 (1)
-
S-33/S-32 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (12)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (13)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (22)
-
-
-
large-ion lithophile elements (2)
-
Lu/Hf (33)
-
metals
-
actinides
-
thorium (5)
-
uranium (5)
-
-
alkali metals
-
cesium (2)
-
lithium (3)
-
potassium (2)
-
rubidium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
-
sodium (1)
-
-
alkaline earth metals
-
beryllium (2)
-
magnesium (3)
-
strontium
-
Rb-87/Sr-86 (2)
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (22)
-
-
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (36)
-
-
iron
-
ferric iron (2)
-
ferrous iron (3)
-
-
lead
-
Pb-206/Pb-204 (7)
-
Pb-207/Pb-204 (6)
-
Pb-207/Pb-206 (3)
-
Pb-208/Pb-204 (5)
-
-
manganese (1)
-
mercury (1)
-
molybdenum (1)
-
niobium (3)
-
platinum group
-
iridium (1)
-
osmium
-
Os-188/Os-187 (5)
-
Re-187/Os-188 (2)
-
-
palladium ores (1)
-
platinum ores (5)
-
rhodium (1)
-
-
precious metals (2)
-
rare earths
-
europium (7)
-
lanthanum (2)
-
lutetium (2)
-
neodymium
-
Nd-144/Nd-143 (36)
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (13)
-
-
samarium
-
Sm-147/Nd-144 (13)
-
-
ytterbium (2)
-
yttrium (3)
-
-
rhenium
-
Re-187/Os-188 (2)
-
-
tantalum (2)
-
tin (1)
-
titanium (5)
-
tungsten (1)
-
zinc (1)
-
zirconium (4)
-
-
nitrogen (1)
-
noble gases
-
argon
-
Ar-40/Ar-39 (2)
-
-
helium
-
He-4 (1)
-
He-4/He-3 (1)
-
-
neon
-
Ne-22/Ne-20 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
O-18 (1)
-
O-18/O-16 (34)
-
-
sulfur
-
S-33 (1)
-
S-33/S-32 (1)
-
S-34/S-32 (12)
-
-
trace metals (1)
-
-
fossils
-
burrows (1)
-
cyanobacteria (1)
-
eukaryotes (2)
-
ichnofossils (3)
-
Invertebrata
-
Protista
-
Foraminifera
-
Rotaliina (1)
-
Textulariina (1)
-
-
Radiolaria (1)
-
-
-
Metazoa (1)
-
microfossils
-
Conodonta (2)
-
-
palynomorphs
-
acritarchs (1)
-
-
-
geochronology methods
-
(U-Th)/He (3)
-
Ar/Ar (18)
-
fission-track dating (2)
-
K/Ar (1)
-
Lu/Hf (33)
-
Nd/Nd (2)
-
paleomagnetism (33)
-
Pb/Pb (11)
-
Rb/Sr (3)
-
Re/Os (10)
-
Sm/Nd (16)
-
Sr/Sr (2)
-
Th/U (3)
-
thermochronology (2)
-
U/Pb (198)
-
U/Th/Pb (9)
-
-
geologic age
-
Cenozoic
-
Quaternary
-
Holocene (4)
-
Pleistocene
-
upper Pleistocene (1)
-
-
-
Tertiary
-
Neogene
-
Miocene (2)
-
Pliocene (1)
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene (1)
-
middle Eocene (1)
-
-
Kapuni Group (1)
-
Oligocene (3)
-
Paleocene (1)
-
-
-
-
Dalradian (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Colorado Group (1)
-
Lower Cretaceous
-
Albian
-
upper Albian (1)
-
-
Aptian (1)
-
Burro Canyon Formation (1)
-
Neocomian (1)
-
Spirit River Formation (1)
-
Torok Formation (1)
-
-
Nanushuk Group (1)
-
Upper Cretaceous
-
Almond Formation (1)
-
Cardium Formation (1)
-
Cenomanian (1)
-
Horseshoe Canyon Formation (1)
-
Lewis Shale (1)
-
Mesaverde Group (1)
-
-
Viking Formation (3)
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic (2)
-
Middle Jurassic (2)
-
-
lower Mesozoic (1)
-
Triassic
-
Lower Triassic (2)
-
Shublik Formation (1)
-
Upper Triassic
-
Norian (1)
-
Rhaetian (1)
-
Sag River Sandstone (1)
-
-
-
upper Mesozoic (1)
-
Yanshanian (1)
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Cambrian
-
Lower Cambrian (4)
-
Middle Cambrian
-
Bright Angel Shale (1)
-
-
Mount Read Volcanics (1)
-
Upper Cambrian (2)
-
-
Carboniferous
-
Jackfork Group (1)
-
Johns Valley Formation (1)
-
Mississippian
-
Lower Mississippian (1)
-
Windsor Group (1)
-
-
Pennsylvanian
-
Lower Pennsylvanian
-
Morrowan (1)
-
-
Middle Pennsylvanian (1)
-
-
Upper Carboniferous (3)
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (3)
-
Old Red Sandstone (3)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian (1)
-
-
-
Endicott Group (2)
-
Exshaw Formation (1)
-
Horton Group (1)
-
Lisburne Group (2)
-
lower Paleozoic (12)
-
middle Paleozoic (3)
-
Ordovician
-
Meguma Group (1)
-
Middle Ordovician (1)
-
Upper Ordovician (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Echooka Formation (1)
-
Lower Permian (2)
-
Upper Permian (1)
-
-
Sauk Sequence (1)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian (2)
-
-
upper Paleozoic (5)
-
-
Phanerozoic (21)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Eoarchean (2)
-
Mesoarchean (11)
-
Neoarchean
-
Amitsoq Gneiss (1)
-
-
Paleoarchean (4)
-
Yellowknife Group (1)
-
-
Chuar Group (1)
-
Delhi Supergroup (1)
-
Hadean (7)
-
Lewisian Complex (6)
-
North Shore Volcanics (1)
-
Osler Series (1)
-
Pahrump Series (1)
-
Purcell System (2)
-
Stillwater Complex (1)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (1)
-
Uinta Mountain Group (1)
-
Unkar Group (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Athabasca Formation (1)
-
Bambui Group (1)
-
Banxi Group (1)
-
Baraga Group (1)
-
Damara System (1)
-
Dedham Granodiorite (1)
-
Espinhaco Supergroup (1)
-
Great Oxidation Event (2)
-
Keweenawan
-
Portage Lake Lava Series (1)
-
-
Kombolgie Formation (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Aldridge Formation (1)
-
Belt Supergroup (5)
-
Calymmian (2)
-
Ectasian (2)
-
Laxfordian (4)
-
Missoula Group (1)
-
Newland Limestone (1)
-
Roper Group (5)
-
Stenian (3)
-
Wumishan Formation (1)
-
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (12)
-
Doushantuo Formation (2)
-
Ediacaran (9)
-
Hadrynian
-
Fourchu Group (1)
-
-
Macaubas Group (1)
-
Nantuo Formation (1)
-
Riphean
-
upper Riphean (1)
-
-
Sturtian (3)
-
Tonian (8)
-
Vendian (2)
-
-
Oronto Group (1)
-
Ortega Group (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Birimian (2)
-
Michigamme Formation (1)
-
Orosirian (3)
-
Rhyacian (2)
-
Siderian (1)
-
Statherian (3)
-
Urquhart Shale (2)
-
Wollaston Group (2)
-
-
Pocatello Formation (1)
-
Pretoria Group (2)
-
Sinian
-
Doushantuo Formation (2)
-
Nantuo Formation (1)
-
Wumishan Formation (1)
-
Xiong'er Group (1)
-
-
Umberatana Group (1)
-
Windermere System (1)
-
-
-
Vadito Group (3)
-
Ventersdorp Supergroup (1)
-
-
Rhenohercynian (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (12)
-
kimberlite (3)
-
picrite (1)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (5)
-
appinite (1)
-
diabase
-
tholeiitic dolerite (1)
-
-
diorites
-
plagiogranite (1)
-
tonalite (4)
-
trondhjemite (1)
-
-
gabbros
-
norite (2)
-
-
granites
-
alkali granites (1)
-
aplite (1)
-
A-type granites (9)
-
biotite granite (1)
-
charnockite (3)
-
I-type granites (3)
-
leucogranite (4)
-
monzogranite (7)
-
S-type granites (2)
-
-
granodiorites (11)
-
monzodiorite (1)
-
monzonites
-
mangerite (2)
-
-
pegmatite (13)
-
quartz monzonite (2)
-
syenites
-
nepheline syenite
-
agpaite (1)
-
-
quartz syenite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
hornblendite (1)
-
peridotites
-
dunite (1)
-
harzburgite (3)
-
lherzolite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite
-
orthopyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
-
porphyry (2)
-
volcanic rocks
-
adakites (1)
-
andesites
-
boninite (1)
-
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
-
trachybasalts (1)
-
-
flood basalts (8)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (7)
-
ocean-island basalts (4)
-
tholeiite (2)
-
tholeiitic basalt (2)
-
trap rocks (1)
-
-
dacites (3)
-
keratophyre
-
albitophyre (1)
-
-
komatiite (3)
-
pyroclastics
-
ignimbrite (1)
-
tuff (1)
-
tuffite (1)
-
-
rhyodacites (2)
-
rhyolites (5)
-
trachytes (2)
-
-
-
ophiolite (8)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (16)
-
eclogite (8)
-
gneisses
-
augen gneiss (1)
-
granite gneiss (5)
-
orthogneiss (9)
-
paragneiss (4)
-
-
granulites (14)
-
impactites (1)
-
marbles (2)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (3)
-
metadacite (1)
-
metadiabase (2)
-
metadiorite (1)
-
metagabbro (1)
-
metagranite (1)
-
metarhyolite (1)
-
serpentinite (2)
-
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
khondalite (1)
-
metachert (1)
-
metaconglomerate (2)
-
metapelite (7)
-
metasandstone (1)
-
paragneiss (4)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
fenite (2)
-
serpentinite (2)
-
skarn (4)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (9)
-
migmatites (4)
-
mylonites
-
blastomylonite (1)
-
pseudotachylite (1)
-
-
quartzites (12)
-
schists
-
blueschist (1)
-
greenschist (2)
-
greenstone (1)
-
-
-
ophiolite (8)
-
turbidite (2)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
stony meteorites
-
chondrites
-
ordinary chondrites
-
H chondrites
-
Tieschitz Meteorite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys (1)
-
arsenides
-
arsenopyrite (4)
-
sperrylite (1)
-
-
borates (1)
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (1)
-
calcite (4)
-
dolomite (4)
-
rhodochrosite (1)
-
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (1)
-
-
-
hydrates (1)
-
minerals (1)
-
native elements
-
graphite (4)
-
-
oxides
-
anatase (1)
-
baddeleyite (5)
-
brannerite (1)
-
chromite (1)
-
goethite (1)
-
hausmannite (1)
-
hematite (8)
-
iron oxides (4)
-
magnetite (5)
-
manganite (1)
-
perovskite (1)
-
rutile (4)
-
spinel (1)
-
uraninite (6)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (9)
-
fluorapatite (1)
-
lithiophilite (1)
-
monazite (24)
-
xenotime (4)
-
-
platinum minerals (1)
-
silicates
-
borosilicates (1)
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
actinolite (1)
-
hornblende (4)
-
tschermakite (1)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
spodumene (1)
-
-
orthopyroxene
-
hypersthene (1)
-
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
K-feldspar (3)
-
-
plagioclase
-
anorthite (1)
-
-
-
myrmekite (1)
-
nepheline group
-
nepheline (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (7)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
andalusite (1)
-
braunite (1)
-
garnet group (14)
-
kyanite (3)
-
olivine group
-
forsterite (1)
-
olivine (2)
-
-
sillimanite (2)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (5)
-
-
zircon group
-
coffinite (1)
-
zircon (176)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
allanite (2)
-
-
vesuvianite (1)
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
beryl (1)
-
tourmaline group (2)
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chamosite (1)
-
chlorite (1)
-
-
clay minerals (2)
-
illite (2)
-
mica group
-
biotite (10)
-
glauconite (2)
-
muscovite (6)
-
-
sericite (1)
-
serpentine group
-
berthierine (2)
-
-
-
-
sulfides
-
arsenopyrite (4)
-
bornite (1)
-
chalcocite (1)
-
chalcopyrite (4)
-
cinnabar (1)
-
marcasite (1)
-
molybdenite (1)
-
pyrite (7)
-
pyrrhotite (1)
-
sphalerite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (210)
-
Africa
-
Afar (1)
-
Blue Nile (1)
-
Central Africa
-
Burundi (1)
-
Rwanda (1)
-
-
Congo Craton (5)
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia
-
Tigray Ethiopia (1)
-
Wallo Ethiopia (1)
-
-
Kenya
-
East Turkana Basin (1)
-
-
Mozambique (1)
-
Tanzania (4)
-
Turkana Basin (1)
-
Uganda (3)
-
Zambia (1)
-
-
East African Rift (2)
-
Nile River (1)
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (3)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Nile Delta (1)
-
-
Morocco
-
Bou Azzer (1)
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (3)
-
-
-
-
Nubian Shield (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Botswana (1)
-
Kaapvaal Craton (6)
-
Kalahari Craton (3)
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (1)
-
Kaoko Belt (1)
-
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (2)
-
Limpopo South Africa (1)
-
Mpumalanga South Africa
-
Barberton Mountain Land (1)
-
-
North-West Province South Africa (1)
-
Transvaal region (1)
-
Witwatersrand (1)
-
-
Zimbabwe (3)
-
-
West Africa
-
Burkina Faso (1)
-
Ghana (2)
-
Guinea (1)
-
Ivory Coast (1)
-
Liberia (1)
-
Niger (1)
-
Senegal (1)
-
Sierra Leone (1)
-
Taoudenni Basin (1)
-
-
West African Craton (4)
-
-
Antarctica
-
Antarctic ice sheet
-
East Antarctic ice sheet (1)
-
-
Coats Land (1)
-
East Antarctica (3)
-
Marie Byrd Land (1)
-
West Antarctica (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Beaufort Sea (1)
-
Chukchi Sea (1)
-
Norwegian Sea (1)
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
East Greenland (1)
-
Fiskenaesset Greenland (1)
-
Godthabsfjord (1)
-
Isua Belt (1)
-
Nuuk Greenland (1)
-
South Greenland (5)
-
West Greenland (7)
-
-
Russian Arctic (1)
-
Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen
-
Spitsbergen Island (1)
-
-
-
-
Asia
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Saudi Arabia (1)
-
-
Baikal region (1)
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan (1)
-
Pamirs (1)
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Altun Mountains (4)
-
Altyn Tagh Fault (2)
-
Chongqing China (1)
-
Dabie Mountains (1)
-
Fujian China (1)
-
Gansu China (1)
-
Guizhou China (1)
-
Hainan China (2)
-
Hebei China
-
Jixian China (1)
-
Tianjin China (1)
-
-
Hubei China
-
Yichang China (1)
-
-
Hunan China (1)
-
Inner Mongolia China
-
Bayan Obo China (3)
-
-
Jilin China (1)
-
Kunlun Mountains (1)
-
Liaoning China (1)
-
Micang Mountains (1)
-
Nanling (1)
-
North China Plain (1)
-
North China Platform (38)
-
Ordos Basin (1)
-
Qaidam Basin (1)
-
Qilian Mountains (3)
-
Qinling Mountains (1)
-
Shaanxi China (1)
-
Shandong China
-
Shandong Peninsula (2)
-
-
Shanxi China (1)
-
Sichuan Basin (1)
-
Sichuan China
-
Panxi Rift (1)
-
-
South China Block (23)
-
Tarim Platform (12)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Tarim Basin (1)
-
-
Xizang China (2)
-
Yangtze Platform (14)
-
Yunnan China (5)
-
Zhejiang China (1)
-
-
Indochina (1)
-
Korea
-
South Korea (1)
-
-
Mongolia (1)
-
Taiwan (1)
-
Thailand (1)
-
Vietnam (3)
-
-
Himalayas
-
Kumaun Himalayas (1)
-
Lesser Himalayas (2)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
India
-
Andhra Pradesh India
-
Cuddapah Basin (1)
-
Nellore mica belt (1)
-
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Nuna
Stepwise breakup of supercontinent Nuna: A synthesis with new ca. 1236 Ma paleomagnetic data from the North China craton Available to Purchase
Provenance of the Mesoproterozoic Shennongjia Group in the north Yangtze Block, South China, and implications for reconstructions of the Nuna and Rodinia supercontinents Available to Purchase
The Inland Pacific Northwest documents geologic processes from Proterozoic time to the Present. This volume presents field trips from the 2024 GSA Cordilleran and Rocky Mountain Joint Sections Meeting, exploring the genesis of bedrock in Idaho, Neoproterozoic development of supercontinents in Washington, Cambrian tectonic and biostratigraphic history of Washington, and paleoecology of Miocene woodlands in Idaho. An overview of Pleistocene megaflood effects is shown through outcrops and drone images. Advances in understanding of the Columbia River Basalt Group are presented with a strong emphasis on volcanology and flood basalt evolution. The story of the Sevier orogeny accretionary margin is examined, as are the landmark studies of the Mesoproterozoic Belt Basin through a Missoula to Spokane transect.
Reconstructing the Paleoproterozoic Heart of Nuna, from Fennoscandia to Northeastern Laurentia Available to Purchase
Abstract Accurate palaeogeographical reconstructions of past supercontinents are necessary to test models of supercontinent cyclicity, secular variation in plate tectonics and mantle geodynamics. However, numerous factors limit our ability to reconstruct past supercontinents as is evident in the ongoing debates regarding the construction phase and geometry of Earth's most recent supercontinent, late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic Pangaea. An important factor in these debates, and a focus of our study is how best to palinspastically restore, in section and in plan-view, the orogenic belts along which supercontinents were stitched together. We utilize the orogenic belts spanning Baffin Island, Greenland and Fennoscandia that are inferred to record the assembly of the Paleoproterozoic supercontinent Columbia to test the accepted reconstruction of the Nuna core of Columbia. We show that as reconstructed in the Nuna model, each of Baffin Island, Greenland (with some complications) and Fennoscandia are characterized by an older cratonic backstop that gives way to younger accretionary complexes toward the inferred oceanic domain that lay to the south and which is inferred to have closed by subduction beneath northeastern Laurentia–Fennoscandia during Columbia assembly. This southward transition from cratonic backstop to accretionary orogen is a hallmark of upper plates in modern convergent plate margins and is consistent with the construction of the Columbia supercontinent, including its Nuna core, through plate tectonic processes, and provides a broad validation of the Nuna reconstruction and hence for Columbia as a whole. Map view curvature of the cratonic backstops is restricted to long wavelength, open bends consistent with the Archean crust having been characterized by significant lithospheric strength. The more accretionary southern portions of Nuna are, however, characterized by sinuous orogens that developed by oroclinal bending of formerly more linear belts, significantly complicating their palinspastic restoration and rendering detailed correlation of juvenile orogenic belts across Nuna problematic.
Extent and significance of the Racklan–Forward Orogen in Canada: far-field interior reactivation during Nuna assembly Available to Purchase
Abstract Mesoproterozoic orogenesis is well established on the western and southern flanks of Laurentia in the well-known Racklan–Forward and Mazatzal orogens, but its significance within the previously assembled interior of the supercontinent Nuna has not been established. We examine regional isotopic and structural evidence for Mesoproterozoic deformation in the c. 1.7–1.63 Ga Hornby Bay, Elu, Thelon and Athabasca intracontinental basins, and present evidence for Mesoproterozoic reactivation of Paleoproterozoic structures in the Wopmay and Trans-Hudson orogens. The Racklan–Forward Orogeny in the interior of north Laurentia comprises north–south-trending, high-angle, east-vergent folds and thrusts that occur across a region 1660 km wide and over 1000 km long, stretching from the Yukon to near Hudson Bay and from Banks Island to below the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. The structures progress from ductile amphibolite and greenschist facies in the Racklan type area to sub-greenschist facies and ultimately brittle or brittle-ductile in the far foreland, showing a predominant thick-skinned style typical of many intracontinental orogens. We present compiled low-temperature thermochronological data, including ages of spatially associated uraninite mineralization, to characterize the scope of reactivation of basement structures in the Archean Rae craton in Nuna's interior. We compare the nature of widespread far-field reactivation in the Racklan–Forward Orogen with other orogens of Nuna's assembly to show it is unusual for Nuna's peripheral margin. We suggest that c. 1.6 Ga continent–continent collision of North Australia with NW Laurentia propagated stresses far into the interior as a result of combined favourable pre-existing structural grain and a weak subcontinental lithospheric mantle in the Rae craton due to repeated episodes of refertilization across 500 Ma of accretion and intrusion. Cratons that experience the complex, two-sided collision and protracted upper plate setting during supercontinent assembly noted herein may be particularly susceptible to extensive foreland propagation of peripheral orogens.
Geochemistry of Jutogh Metasediments, Lesser Himachal Himalaya, India, and their Implications in Source Area Weathering, Provenance, and Tectonic Setting during Paleoproterozoic Nuna Assembly Available to Purchase
Hematite geochronology reveals a tectonic trigger for iron ore mineralization during Nuna breakup Available to Purchase
Reorienting the West African craton in Paleoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic supercontinent Nuna Available to Purchase
Paleomagnetic constraints on the duration of the Australia-Laurentia connection in the core of the Nuna supercontinent Open Access
Gulf of Nuna: Astrochronologic correlation of a Mesoproterozoic oceanic euxinic event Open Access
1.6 Ga crustal thickening along the final Nuna suture Available to Purchase
Laurentian crust in northeast Australia: Implications for the assembly of the supercontinent Nuna Available to Purchase
Geochemical and U–Pb zircon age characterization of granites of the Bathani Volcano Sedimentary sequence, Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex, eastern India: vestiges of the Nuna supercontinent in the Central Indian Tectonic Zone Available to Purchase
Abstract The Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) marks the suture zone where the North and South Indian cratonic blocks amalgamated to form the Greater Indian Landmass (GIL). It consists of three broad domains from west to east: the central CITZ occupying the central region of mainland India juxtaposed between two mobile belts, namely the Sausar Mobile Belt (SMB) in the south and the Mahakoshal Mobile Belt (MMB) in the north; the Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex (CGGC) lying east of the main CITZ; and the easternmost Shillong Plateau Gneissic Complex (SPGC). The studied granites are from the Bathani Volcano Sedimentary sequence (BVSs) from the northern margin of the CGGC. These are high-K, calc-alkaline, I-type granites related to arc magmatism and are interpreted to have formed by partial melting of an igneous source at upper-crustal depths. The granitic magma underwent extensive fractional crystallization of plagioclase, biotite, K-feldspar and ilmenite during emplacement. The U–Pb (ID-TIMS) zircon emplacement age is c . 1.7–1.6 Ga for these granites. This episode of magmatism can be correlated to the global event of the Nuna supercontinent assembly also reported from the MMB of the central CITZ. We infer that the BVSs is the eastern continuation of the MMB of the central CITZ.
Mesoproterozoic Tasmania: Witness to the East Antarctica-Laurentia connection within Nuna: REPLY Open Access
Mesoproterozoic Tasmania: Witness to the East Antarctica–Laurentia connection within Nuna: COMMENT Open Access
Australia and Nuna Available to Purchase
Abstract The Australian continent records c. 1860–1800 Ma orogenesis associated with rapid accretion of several ribbon micro-continents along the southern and eastern margins of the proto-North Australian Craton during Nuna assembly. The boundaries of these accreted micro-continents are imaged in crustal-scale seismic reflection data, and regional gravity and aeromagnetic datasets. Continental growth ( c. 1860–1850 Ma) along the southern margin of the proto-North Australian Craton is recorded by the accretion of a micro-continent that included the Aileron Terrane (northern Arunta Inlier) and the Gawler Craton. Eastward growth of the North Australian Craton occurred during the accretion of the Numil Terrane and the Abingdon Seismic Province, which forms part of a broader zone of collision between the northwestern margins of Laurentia and the proto-North Australian Craton. The Tickalara Arc initially accreted with the Kimberley Craton at c. 1850 Ma and together these collided with the proto-North Australian Craton at c. 1820 Ma. Collision between the West Australian Craton and the proto-North Australian Craton at c. 1790–1760 Ma terminated the rapid growth of the Australian continent.
Metallogeny and its link to orogenic style during the Nuna supercontinent cycle Available to Purchase
Abstract The link between observed episodicity in ore deposit formation and preservation and the supercontinent cycle is well established, but this general framework has not, however, been able to explain a lack of deposits associated with some accretionary orogens during specific periods of Earth history. Here we show that there are intriguing correlations between styles of orogenesis and specific mineral deposit types, in the context of the Nuna supercontinent cycle. Using animated global reconstructions of Nuna’s assembly and initial breakup, and integrating extensive databases of mineral deposits, stratigraphy, geochronology and palaeomagnetism we are able to assess spatial patterns of deposit formation and preservation. We find that lode gold, volcanic-hosted-massive-sulphide and nickel–copper deposits peak during closure of Nuna’s interior ocean but decline during subsequent peripheral orogenesis, suggesting that accretionary style is also important. Deposits such as intrusion-related gold, carbonate-hosted lead-zinc and unconformity uranium deposits are associated with the post-assembly, peripheral orogenic phase. These observations imply that the use of plate reconstructions to assess orogenic style, although challenging for the Precambrian, can be a powerful tool for mineral exploration targeting. Supplementary material: Supplementary material including (1) tables (S1–S3) of Euler poles and palaeopoles used, summary of Nuna orogens; (2) a figure (S1) of modelled plate velocities; (3) mp4 files (S1 & S2) of the model with age data; ore deposits and VGPs; and (4) a zip file (S1) of the Gplates model is available at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18822 .
Palaeomagnetism and U–Pb geochronology of c. 1570 Ma intrusives from Åland archipelago, SW Finland – implications for Nuna Available to Purchase
Abstract We report new palaeomagnetic and isotope age data of Early Mesoproterozoic (i.e. Subjotnian) intrusions from the Åland archipelago, SW Finland. The palaeomagnetic results reveal dual-polarity magnetizations with a pronounced reversal asymmetry occurring in dykes. We explain the asymmetry by an unremoved secondary component, which is affecting more N-polarity dykes. Other explanations, such as the age difference of magnetization between normal and reversed polarity dykes, are discussed. The primary nature of magnetization in dykes for both normal (N) and reversed (R) groups is verified by positive baked contact tests. A dyke showing reversed polarity from Korsö is dated 1575.9±3.0 Ma (U–Pb) in this study. This and previous U–Pb data tighten the magmatic activity in Åland to 1580–1570 Ma. We combined new palaeomagnetic data with those from earlier studies to provide a new key-palaeomagnetic pole for Baltica. Our data positions Baltica on equatorial latitudes, supporting the NENA (North Europe–North America) connection between Baltica and Laurentia at 1.59–1.58 Ga. Palaeomagnetic data support that NENA was valid at 1.75, 1.58, 1.46, and 1.26 Ga, forming the core of Mesoproterozoic Nuna (a.k.a. Columbia) supercontinent.