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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
-
all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Tanzania (1)
-
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Eastern Desert (1)
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
Rif
-
Beni Bouchera (1)
-
-
-
-
Nubian Shield (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (2)
-
Merensky Reef (2)
-
Mpumalanga South Africa
-
Barberton Mountain Land (1)
-
-
-
-
West African Craton (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Barents Sea (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains (1)
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Rub' al Khali (1)
-
Saudi Arabia (1)
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Gansu China (3)
-
Guizhou China (1)
-
Inner Mongolia China (1)
-
Kunlun Mountains (2)
-
North China Platform (1)
-
Qilian Mountains (1)
-
Qinghai China (3)
-
Qinling Mountains (2)
-
Shaanxi China (1)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Junggar (1)
-
-
Xizang China
-
Gangdese Belt (6)
-
Lhasa Block (11)
-
-
-
Taiwan (1)
-
-
Himalayas
-
Kumaun Himalayas (1)
-
Lesser Himalayas (1)
-
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Indian Peninsula
-
Bhutan (2)
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India
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Himachal Pradesh India
-
Chamba India (1)
-
-
Northeastern India
-
Arunachal Pradesh India (2)
-
-
Uttarakhand India (1)
-
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Ladakh (1)
-
-
Nepal (7)
-
Pakistan (1)
-
-
Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (7)
-
Karakoram (1)
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (2)
-
-
-
Main Boundary Fault (1)
-
Main Central Thrust (8)
-
Middle East
-
Iran
-
Fars Iran (1)
-
-
Zagros (1)
-
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Qiangtang Terrane (5)
-
Siberia (1)
-
Siberian Platform (1)
-
Tibetan Plateau (11)
-
Tien Shan (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Baltic Sea (1)
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Gorringe Bank (1)
-
Hudson Bay (1)
-
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Atlantic Ocean Islands
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Azores
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Sao Miguel Island
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Agua de Pau (1)
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Australasia
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Australia
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Western Australia
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Fraser Range (1)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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Ontario
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Sudbury District Ontario (1)
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Hudson Bay (1)
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Chicxulub Crater (1)
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Russian Federation
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Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
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Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
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Norilsk region (2)
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Siberian Platform (1)
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Europe
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Alps
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Eastern Alps
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Western Alps
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Carpathians
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Germany
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Poland (1)
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Jura Mountains (1)
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Pyrenees (3)
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Southern Europe
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Greece
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Iberian Peninsula
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Italy
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Indian Ocean
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Calabrian Arc (1)
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Mediterranean Sea
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Pacific Ocean
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Gulf of Carpentaria (1)
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West Pacific
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South America
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United States
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Eastern U.S.
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Midcontinent (1)
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South Carolina
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commodities
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mineral deposits, genesis (12)
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mineral exploration (5)
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
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C-13/C-12 (4)
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C-14/C-12 (1)
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halogens
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incompatible elements (1)
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isotope ratios (17)
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isotopes
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radioactive isotopes
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C-14/C-12 (1)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-210 (1)
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stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (4)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (5)
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O-17/O-16 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (7)
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (5)
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Lu/Hf (1)
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metals
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uranium
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-
-
alkaline earth metals
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magnesium (2)
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radium
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Ra-224 (1)
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strontium
-
Sr-87/Sr-86 (5)
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arsenic (1)
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copper (1)
-
hafnium
-
Hf-177/Hf-176 (5)
-
-
lead
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Pb-206/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-207/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-208/Pb-204 (1)
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Pb-210 (1)
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samarium
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (1)
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ytterbium (1)
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noble gases
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radon
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Rn-222 (1)
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oxygen
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O-17/O-16 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (7)
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sulfur
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S-34/S-32 (3)
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fossils
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Vertebrata
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Invertebrata
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Protista
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Foraminifera (1)
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microfossils (2)
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palynomorphs (1)
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geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (6)
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Ar/Ar (6)
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fission-track dating (6)
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Nd/Nd (1)
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paleomagnetism (1)
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Sm/Nd (1)
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thermochronology (12)
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U/Pb (21)
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U/Th/Pb (4)
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uranium disequilibrium (1)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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upper Quaternary
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Siwalik System (3)
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Tertiary
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middle Tertiary (1)
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Neogene
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Miocene
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lower Miocene
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Kasauli Series (1)
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upper Miocene (1)
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Pliocene (2)
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Paleogene
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Eocene
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middle Eocene (1)
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Subathu Formation (1)
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upper Eocene (1)
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lower Paleogene (1)
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Oligocene
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upper Oligocene (1)
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Paleocene
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lower Paleocene (1)
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-
-
-
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Lower Cretaceous (3)
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Upper Cretaceous (2)
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Jurassic
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Lower Jurassic (2)
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lower Mesozoic (1)
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Triassic
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Upper Triassic (1)
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Paleozoic
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Cambrian
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Lower Cambrian (1)
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Carboniferous
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Pennsylvanian (1)
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Devonian (2)
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lower Paleozoic (1)
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Ordovician (3)
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Permian (1)
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Phanerozoic (1)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
Kromberg Formation (1)
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Paleoarchean
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Hooggenoeg Formation (1)
-
-
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Hadean (1)
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Onverwacht Group (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Rustenburg Layered Suite (1)
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Svecofennian (1)
-
-
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-
-
-
igneous rocks
-
igneous rocks
-
plutonic rocks
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anorthosite (1)
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diabase (1)
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gabbros
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-
ultramafics
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peridotites
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lherzolite (2)
-
-
-
-
volcanic rocks
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-
basalts
-
alkali basalts
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trachybasalts (1)
-
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mid-ocean ridge basalts (3)
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ocean-island basalts (1)
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basanite (1)
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ophiolite (2)
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granulites
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metaigneous rocks
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metasedimentary rocks
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meteorites
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minerals
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carbonates
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oxides
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spinel (2)
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-
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phosphates
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fluorapatite (1)
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monazite (7)
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xenotime (2)
-
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platinum minerals (1)
-
silicates
-
chain silicates
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amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
hornblende (1)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene (4)
-
orthopyroxene (5)
-
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
plagioclase (2)
-
-
nepheline group
-
nepheline (1)
-
-
silica minerals
-
quartz (4)
-
-
sodalite group
-
hauyne (1)
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nosean (1)
-
-
-
orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
-
garnet group (1)
-
olivine group
-
olivine (4)
-
-
titanite group
-
titanite (1)
-
-
zircon group
-
zircon (25)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
chevkinite group
-
chevkinite (1)
-
-
epidote group
-
allanite (1)
-
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
mica group
-
biotite (2)
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muscovite (4)
-
-
-
-
sulfates (1)
-
sulfides
-
chalcopyrite (2)
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galena (1)
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nickel sulfides (1)
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pyrrhotite (2)
-
-
sulfosalts (1)
-
uranium minerals (1)
-
wehrlite (2)
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (30)
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Tanzania (1)
-
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
-
Egypt
-
Eastern Desert (1)
-
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (1)
-
-
Rif
-
Beni Bouchera (1)
-
-
-
-
Nubian Shield (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (2)
-
Merensky Reef (2)
-
Mpumalanga South Africa
-
Barberton Mountain Land (1)
-
-
-
-
West African Craton (1)
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Barents Sea (1)
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains (1)
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Rub' al Khali (1)
-
Saudi Arabia (1)
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Gansu China (3)
-
Guizhou China (1)
-
Inner Mongolia China (1)
-
Kunlun Mountains (2)
-
North China Platform (1)
-
Qilian Mountains (1)
-
Qinghai China (3)
-
Qinling Mountains (2)
-
Shaanxi China (1)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Junggar (1)
-
-
Xizang China
-
Gangdese Belt (6)
-
Lhasa Block (11)
-
-
-
Taiwan (1)
-
-
Himalayas
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Kumaun Himalayas (1)
-
Lesser Himalayas (1)
-
-
Indian Peninsula
-
Bhutan (2)
-
India
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Himachal Pradesh India
-
Chamba India (1)
-
-
Northeastern India
-
Arunachal Pradesh India (2)
-
-
Uttarakhand India (1)
-
-
Jammu and Kashmir
-
Ladakh (1)
-
-
Nepal (7)
-
Pakistan (1)
-
-
Indus-Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (7)
-
Karakoram (1)
-
Krasnoyarsk Russian Federation
-
Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets Russian Federation
-
Norilsk region (2)
-
-
-
Main Boundary Fault (1)
-
Main Central Thrust (8)
-
Middle East
-
Iran
-
Fars Iran (1)
-
-
Zagros (1)
-
-
Qiangtang Terrane (5)
-
Siberia (1)
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Siberian Platform (1)
-
Tibetan Plateau (11)
-
Tien Shan (1)
-
-
Atlantic Ocean
-
North Atlantic
-
Baltic Sea (1)
-
Gorringe Bank (1)
-
Hudson Bay (1)
-
-
-
Atlantic Ocean Islands
-
Azores
-
Sao Miguel Island
-
Agua de Pau (1)
-
-
-
-
Australasia
-
Australia
-
Western Australia
-
Fraser Range (1)
-
Halls Creek Orogen (1)
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Kambalda Australia (1)
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Norseman Australia (1)
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Yilgarn Craton (1)
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-
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bibliography (2)
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Maritime Provinces
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Ontario
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Nova-Bollinger Deposit
Sulfide Emplacement and Migration in the Nova-Bollinger Ni-Cu-Co Deposit, Albany-Fraser Orogen, Western Australia
Abstract The Nova-Bollinger deposit is a large nickel-copper sulfide deposit discovered in 2012 by a junior Australian exploration company, Sirius Resources. The deposit is interpreted to represent a magmatic sulfide accumulation within several stacked mafic sills that intruded a sequence of sedimentary rocks, which has been subsequently recrystallized and variably deformed by lower granulite facies metamorphism. The deposit is located in the Albany-Fraser orogen of Western Australia—a Proterozoic belt broadly similar to the Circum-Superior belt in North America, which hosts the Thompson and Raglan nickel mining camps. Although some previous explorers had recognized the similarity between these areas and also undertaken limited exploration for nickel, the prospectivity of the Albany-Fraser orogen for magmatic nickel deposits was largely unrecognized and the area was virtually unexplored prior to the involvement of Sirius. The discovery is somewhat unusual because it is a blind, grassroots discovery made in what was previously assumed to be an unendowed geologic terrane by a small company with a small exploration budget. It is also unusual because the style of deposit discovered was exactly that which was originally targeted. The case study of the discovery includes the geologic concept, the exploration methods, and the key circumstances that led to the discovery of Nova-Bollinger. In one sense the discovery represents a textbook example of the deliberate and successful application of good geologic science and appropriate exploration methodology, but in another sense it was the culmination of numerous key decisions and seemingly unrelated events that spanned a period of nearly fifty years that created the necessary building blocks for the ultimate success. These building blocks include the involvement of a variety of other elements, including the efforts of previous mining companies, an accident by NASA, the persistence of a wealthy Australian prospector, and the initiative of the Government and Geological Survey of Western Australia. In terms of process, the deposit was discovered by systematically using various methods that were tailored to the target style and the nature of the terrane, and also appropriate to the scale and stage of exploration. These comprised regional aeromagnetics for target definition, soil geochemistry for target verification and prioritization, shallow reconnaissance drilling for defining the source of soil anomalies, ground electromagnetic geophysics for defining discrete drill targets, and finally drilling. It is critical to also evaluate how information and misinformation can potentially affect the exploration process at every step, and how entirely extrinsic factors such as timing and luck can determine the outcome of the process. Of particular interest in the case of the Nova-Bollinger discovery is insight into how junior explorers operate compared to the bigger companies, what they have to do to be effective explorers, how they contribute to the overall well-being of the resources sector, and how their success is influenced by the degree to which three factors coincide—motive, means, and opportunity.