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Section
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Africa
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East Africa
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Zambia (1)
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East African Rift (1)
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Kalahari Desert (1)
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Sahara (1)
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Southern Africa
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Botswana
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Okavango Delta (1)
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Karoo Basin (2)
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Namibia
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Damara Belt (1)
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South Africa
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Gauteng South Africa (1)
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West Africa
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Ivory Coast (1)
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Alexander Island (1)
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Alpine Fault (2)
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Antarctica
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Arctic region
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Greenland
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Svalbard
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Alberta
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Commonwealth of Independent States
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Kazakhstan (1)
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Russian Federation
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Europe
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Central Europe
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Southern Europe
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Spain
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Andalusia Spain
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Macedonia
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Western Europe
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Yorkshire England
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North Yorkshire England (1)
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Scotland
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Great Glen Fault (2)
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Hebrides
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Inner Hebrides
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Isle of Skye (2)
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Raasay (1)
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Highland region Scotland
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Caithness Scotland (1)
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Inverness-shire Scotland
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Isle of Skye (2)
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Moine thrust zone (3)
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Moray Firth (1)
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Scottish Highlands
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Grampian Highlands
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Wales
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Swansea Wales (1)
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Gulf of Mexico Basin (1)
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Hikurangi Margin (1)
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Indian Ocean
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Arabian Sea
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Persian Gulf (1)
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Dampier Sub-basin (1)
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Exmouth Plateau (1)
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Timor Sea
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Bonaparte Gulf basin (1)
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Vulcan Sub-basin (1)
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-
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International Ocean Discovery Program
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Expedition 355
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IODP Site U1456 (1)
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IODP Site U1457 (1)
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Jack Hills (1)
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Mexico
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Baja California (1)
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Chihuahua Mexico (1)
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Durango Mexico (1)
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Sierra Madre Occidental (1)
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North America
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Appalachian Basin (1)
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Appalachians
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Blue Ridge Province (1)
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Central Appalachians (1)
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Piedmont (1)
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Basin and Range Province
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Great Basin (1)
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Canadian Shield
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Superior Province
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Great Lakes region (1)
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Great Plains (2)
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Rocky Mountains
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North Island (3)
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North West Shelf (2)
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Oceania
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Melanesia
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New Caledonia (4)
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Orcadian Basin (1)
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Owens Valley (2)
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Pacific Ocean
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South Pacific
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Southwest Pacific
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Norfolk Ridge (1)
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-
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West Pacific
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Southwest Pacific
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Norfolk Ridge (1)
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-
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Plum Island (1)
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polar regions (1)
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Rio Grande (1)
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Sierra Nevada (1)
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Snake River (2)
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South America
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Andes (2)
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Brazil
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Brazilian Shield (1)
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Chile
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Antofagasta Chile
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Lascar (1)
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Atacama Desert (1)
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-
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South Island (8)
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Southern Alps (2)
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Southern Ocean
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Prydz Bay (1)
-
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Thames River (1)
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United States
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Alaska
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Brooks Range (1)
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Glacier Bay National Park (1)
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National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (1)
-
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Atlantic Coastal Plain (1)
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California
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Del Norte County California (1)
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Humboldt County California (1)
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Inyo County California (3)
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Mono County California (1)
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San Francisco Bay (1)
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San Luis Obispo County California
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Carrizo Plain (1)
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Yosemite National Park (1)
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Colorado
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Hinsdale County Colorado
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Slumgullion Landslide (1)
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Florida
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Santa Rosa County Florida (1)
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Great Basin (1)
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High Plains Aquifer (1)
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Idaho
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Snake River plain (1)
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Illinois
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Morgan County Illinois (1)
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Kansas (1)
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Massachusetts
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Essex County Massachusetts (2)
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Michigan
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Michigan Lower Peninsula
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Calhoun County Michigan (1)
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Mojave Desert (1)
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Montana
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Silver Bow County Montana
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Butte Montana (1)
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Nebraska (1)
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Nevada (2)
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New Mexico
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Socorro County New Mexico (1)
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Ohio
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Columbiana County Ohio (1)
-
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Oklahoma
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Garfield County Oklahoma (1)
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Latimer County Oklahoma (1)
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Oregon
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Deschutes County Oregon (1)
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Jefferson County Oregon (1)
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Lane County Oregon (1)
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Willamette River (1)
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Pennsylvania (1)
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South Carolina
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Charleston County South Carolina
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Charleston South Carolina (1)
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-
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Texas
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Houston County Texas (1)
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Leon County Texas (1)
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Utah
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Wayne County Utah (1)
-
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Washington
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Clallam County Washington (1)
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Jefferson County Washington (1)
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Olympic Mountains (1)
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Olympic Peninsula (3)
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Seattle Fault (1)
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Whatcom County Washington (1)
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West Virginia (2)
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Wyoming
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Lincoln County Wyoming (1)
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Sublette County Wyoming (1)
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Teton County Wyoming
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Grand Teton National Park (1)
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USSR (1)
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West Pacific Ocean Islands
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White Sands (1)
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Zealandia (1)
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commodities
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brines (2)
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construction materials
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diamond deposits (1)
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energy sources (1)
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gems (1)
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geothermal energy (2)
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metal ores
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arsenic ores (1)
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bismuth ores (1)
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chromite ores (3)
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cobalt ores (4)
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copper ores (6)
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gold ores (4)
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lead ores (1)
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molybdenum ores (1)
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nickel ores (5)
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platinum ores (3)
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silver ores (3)
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mineral deposits, genesis (9)
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mineral exploration (4)
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mineral resources (3)
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nonmetal deposits (1)
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oil and gas fields (2)
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petroleum
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natural gas (2)
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placers
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beach placers (1)
-
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elements, isotopes
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carbon
-
C-13/C-12 (5)
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C-14 (4)
-
organic carbon (2)
-
-
hydrogen
-
D/H (2)
-
-
isotope ratios (10)
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isotopes
-
radioactive isotopes
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Al-26 (1)
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Be-10 (2)
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C-14 (4)
-
-
stable isotopes
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C-13/C-12 (5)
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D/H (2)
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He-4/He-3 (1)
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
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N-15/N-14 (1)
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
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O-18/O-16 (5)
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Os-188/Os-187 (1)
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S-34/S-32 (3)
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Si-30/Si-28 (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
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-
-
metals
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actinides
-
uranium (1)
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-
alkaline earth metals
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beryllium
-
Be-10 (2)
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strontium
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (2)
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-
-
aluminum
-
Al-26 (1)
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chromium (1)
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cobalt (1)
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hafnium
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Hf-177/Hf-176 (1)
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iron
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ferric iron (1)
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lead (1)
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manganese (1)
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platinum group
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osmium
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Os-188/Os-187 (1)
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palladium (1)
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platinum (1)
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platinum ores (3)
-
-
rare earths
-
neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (1)
-
-
-
-
nitrogen
-
N-15/N-14 (1)
-
-
noble gases
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helium
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He-4/He-3 (1)
-
-
-
oxygen
-
dissolved oxygen (1)
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O-18/O-16 (5)
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silicon
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Si-30/Si-28 (1)
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sulfur
-
S-34/S-32 (3)
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trace metals (1)
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fossils
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Chordata
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Vertebrata
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Tetrapoda
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Mammalia (2)
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Reptilia
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Diapsida
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Archosauria
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dinosaurs (1)
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Lepidosauria (1)
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-
-
-
-
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Invertebrata
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Mollusca
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Cephalopoda
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Ammonoidea (1)
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Protista
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Thecamoeba (1)
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microfossils
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Conodonta (1)
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palynomorphs
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Dinoflagellata (1)
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miospores
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pollen (1)
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Plantae
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algae
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nannofossils (1)
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geochronology methods
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(U-Th)/He (2)
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Ar/Ar (3)
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fission-track dating (1)
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K/Ar (1)
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optically stimulated luminescence (2)
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Re/Os (1)
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thermochronology (4)
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tree rings (1)
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U/Pb (9)
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geologic age
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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lower Holocene (2)
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Neoglacial (2)
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upper Holocene (5)
-
-
Pleistocene
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Bishop Tuff (1)
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Lake Missoula (1)
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middle Pleistocene (1)
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upper Pleistocene
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Devensian
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upper Devensian (1)
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Weichselian
-
upper Weichselian
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Younger Dryas (1)
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-
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Wisconsinan (1)
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-
-
upper Quaternary (1)
-
-
Tertiary
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middle Tertiary (1)
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Neogene
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Miocene
-
Columbia River Basalt Group (1)
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upper Miocene (1)
-
-
Ogallala Formation (1)
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Pliocene
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Cimmerian (1)
-
-
-
Paleogene
-
Eocene
-
lower Eocene
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Ypresian (1)
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-
upper Eocene
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Priabonian (1)
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-
-
lower Paleogene (1)
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Oligocene
-
upper Oligocene (1)
-
-
Paleocene
-
upper Paleocene
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Thanetian (1)
-
-
-
Wilcox Group (1)
-
-
-
-
Coal Measures (2)
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Laurentide ice sheet (1)
-
Mesozoic
-
Cretaceous
-
Lower Cretaceous
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Albian (1)
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Aptian (1)
-
McMurray Formation (1)
-
-
Upper Cretaceous
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Ferron Sandstone Member (1)
-
Gulfian
-
Eagle Ford Formation (1)
-
-
Turonian (1)
-
-
-
Jurassic
-
Lower Jurassic
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Dunlin Group (1)
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Pliensbachian (1)
-
-
Middle Jurassic
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Bajocian
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Brent Group (1)
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Callovian (1)
-
-
Upper Jurassic
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Kimmeridge Clay (1)
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Oxfordian (1)
-
-
-
Statfjord Formation (1)
-
Triassic
-
Upper Triassic
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Carnian (1)
-
Norian (2)
-
Rhaetian
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Penarth Group (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Paleozoic
-
Carboniferous
-
Mississippian
-
Upper Mississippian
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Chesterian (1)
-
-
-
Namurian (1)
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Pennsylvanian (2)
-
Upper Carboniferous
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Millstone Grit (1)
-
-
-
Devonian
-
Lower Devonian (1)
-
Middle Devonian
-
Marcellus Shale (1)
-
Prairie Evaporite (1)
-
-
Old Red Sandstone (1)
-
-
Lisburne Group (1)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Chopawamsic Formation (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Ecca Group (1)
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Lower Permian (3)
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Middle Permian (1)
-
-
Silurian (3)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Dwyka Formation (1)
-
-
-
Phanerozoic (1)
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Precambrian
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Archean (2)
-
upper Precambrian
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Proterozoic
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Mesoproterozoic (2)
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Neoproterozoic (3)
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Paleoproterozoic
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Birimian (1)
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-
-
-
-
-
igneous rocks
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igneous rocks
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carbonatites (1)
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kimberlite (1)
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plutonic rocks
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granites
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lamproite (1)
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ultramafics
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pyroxenite (1)
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volcanic rocks
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andesites (1)
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basalts (4)
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pyroclastics
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ash-flow tuff (1)
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ignimbrite (2)
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tuff (3)
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rhyodacites (1)
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ophiolite (2)
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metamorphic rocks
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metamorphic rocks
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metasedimentary rocks
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metapelite (1)
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metasomatic rocks
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metavolcanic rocks (1)
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ophiolite (2)
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turbidite (3)
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minerals
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carbonates
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native elements
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oxides
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phosphates
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apatite (3)
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silicates
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framework silicates
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feldspar group (1)
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silica minerals
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agate (1)
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moganite (1)
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quartz (1)
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-
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orthosilicates
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nesosilicates
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titanite group
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titanite (2)
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zircon group
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zircon (8)
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-
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sorosilicates
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epidote group
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allanite (1)
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sheet silicates
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clay minerals
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smectite (1)
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serpentine group
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serpentine (1)
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sulfates
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jarosite (1)
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schwertmannite (1)
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sulfides
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pyrite (1)
-
-
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Primary terms
-
absolute age (17)
-
Africa
-
East Africa
-
Zambia (1)
-
-
East African Rift (1)
-
Kalahari Desert (1)
-
Sahara (1)
-
Southern Africa
-
Botswana
-
Okavango Delta (1)
-
-
Karoo Basin (2)
-
Namibia
-
Damara Belt (1)
-
-
South Africa
-
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Nick points and stream profiles
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Journal Article
Nick points and the curve of water erosion
Journal: Geological Magazine
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 01 November 1945
Geological Magazine (1945) 82 (6): 256–266.
...W. V. Lewis Abstract Discusses the effects of increase in discharge, comminution of load, the change from erosion to transport, and strata variation in the development of stream profiles and nick points. GeoRef, Copyright 2004, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from...
Journal Article
Assessing the catastrophic break-up of Briksdalsbreen, Norway, associated with rapid climate change
Journal: Journal of the Geological Society
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 01 May 2011
Journal of the Geological Society (2011) 168 (3): 673–688.
.... These values were similar to those found in other studies, including that by Gades et al. (2000 ), who showed that the saturated till beneath Siple Ice stream had an R value of 0.16–0.32. The Briksdalsbreen data were filtered using a five-point (2.5 m) moving average to remove the spatial variation...
Journal Article
Debris flows as agents of morphological heterogeneity at low-order confluences, Olympic Mountains, Washington
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 September 2003
GSA Bulletin (2003) 115 (9): 1110–1121.
... of much larger volumes in higher-energy fluvial environments can create steps in the longitudinal profile (nick points), ponds, log jams, boulder deposits, gravel accumulations, and pools up- and downstream of deposits. Effects of debris flows of several thousand cubic meters in high-energy environments...
Journal Article
Abrupt landscape change post–6 Ma on the central Great Plains, USA
Robert A. Duller, Alexander C. Whittaker, James B. Swinehart, John J. Armitage, Hugh D. Sinclair, Andrea Bair, Philip A. Allen
Journal: Geology
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 October 2012
Geology (2012) 40 (10): 871–874.
... Pliocene Remsburg Ranch beds (RRB). Bars represent the error associated with the combined median grain size value of n Wolman point count measurements. Figure 3. A: Long profile and slope ( S ) of present-day base of Ash Hollow Formation (AHF) surface and North Platte River, compared...
Journal Article
Patterns of incision and deformation on the southern flank of the Yellowstone hotspot from terraces and topography
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 09 September 2021
GSA Bulletin (2022) 134 (5-6): 1319–1333.
... and Whipple, 2006 ; Gallen et al., 2013 ). Hence, we use the distribution of knickpoints in comparison with elevation and lithologic boundaries to unravel tectonic and lithologic controls on channel profiles. The final metric that we use to analyze the stream network is χ (Chi), an inverse integral...
Journal Article
Controls on deltaic sedimentation in glacio-eustatic cycles of late Marsdenian (Namurian R 2b 4 to R 2c 1, Pennsylvanian) age in the UK Central Pennine Basin
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Published: 29 July 2014
Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society (2014) 60 (2): 63–84.
... (Section 4.7). If the delta sequence deposited earlier in the cyclothem was still partly emergent, this would have enhanced incision, which started at the river mouth and cut back up the channel by nick point recession ( Fig. 17 ). With this process, nick point recession is only active for a short time...
Journal Article
Contribution to the Theory of Scarpland Development from Observations in Central Queensland, Australia
Journal: The Journal of Geology
Publisher: The University of Chicago Press
Published: 01 November 2000
The Journal of Geology (2000) 108 (6): 705–719.
... as fast as nick-point advance up rivers so that the distribution of successive erosion cycles bears no relationship to the drainage pattern whatsoever” (King 1953 , p. 742). Assessing which of these rival theories best explains a particular region is no simple task, and Blume ( 1976 ) has warned...
Journal Article
Fjords as temporary sediment traps: History of glacial erosion and deposition in Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay National Park, southeastern Alaska
Ellen A. Cowan, Keith C. Seramur, Ross D. Powell, Bryce A. Willems, Sean P.S. Gulick, John M. Jaeger
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 July 2010
GSA Bulletin (2010) 122 (7-8): 1067–1080.
... including the West Arm and Muir Inlet. Figure 4. Generator-injector (GI) gun profile from A–A′. Numbered basins correspond with locations on Figures 1 and 3 . Basin 10 and the entrance sill morainal bank are shown enlarged in the inset. Shot points are shown across the horizontal axis...
Journal Article
Geology and Active Tectonics of the Lalmai Hills, Bangladesh – An Overview from Chittagong Tripura Fold Belt Perspective
Publisher: Geological Society of India
Published: 01 December 2018
Jour. Geol. Soc. India (2018) 92 (6): 713–720.
... checked in the field to explore their significance/causes. These observed nick points of the streams of the mapped area have been further checked to correlate with geology of the area in particular the lithologic control or the structural control. Drainage map ( Figs. 3 ) has been prepared based...