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Nanaimo Basin

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Journal Article

Geology of Denman and Hornby islands, British Columbia: implications for Nanaimo Basin evolution and formal definition of the Geoffrey and Spray formations, Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group Available to Purchase

Deanne C. Katnick, Peter S. Mustard
Published: 21 March 2003
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2003) 40 (3): 375–393.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/e03-005
... islands and represents the best example of this part of the succession in the northern half of what we consider the single Nanaimo Basin. This area includes the previously only informally defined type areas for the Geoffrey and Spray formations, defined here formally for the first time with type sections...
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View PDF for article title, Geology of Denman and Hornby islands, British Columbia: implications for <span class="search-highlight">Nanaimo</span> <span class="search-highlight">Basin</span> evolution and formal definition of the Geoffrey and Spray formations, Upper Cretaceous <span class="search-highlight">Nanaimo</span> Group
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Journal Article

Along-strike variations in sediment provenance within the Nanaimo basin reveal mechanisms of forearc basin sediment influx events Open Access

Daniel S. Coutts, William A. Matthews, Rebecca G. Englert, Morgan D. Brooks, Marie-Pier Boivin, Stephen M. Hubbard
Journal: Lithosphere
Publisher: GSW
Published: 12 February 2020
Lithosphere (2020) 12 (1): 180–197.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/L1138.1
...Daniel S. Coutts; William A. Matthews; Rebecca G. Englert; Morgan D. Brooks; Marie-Pier Boivin; Stephen M. Hubbard Abstract The along-strike variability in sediment provenance within the Nanaimo basin is important for understanding the tectonic evolution of North America’s Late Cretaceous Pacific...
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View PDF for article title, Along-strike variations in sediment provenance within the <span class="search-highlight">Nanaimo</span> <span class="search-highlight">basin</span> reveal mechanisms of forearc <span class="search-highlight">basin</span> sediment influx events
Add to Citation Manager for Along-strike variations in sediment provenance within the <span class="search-highlight">Nanaimo</span> <span class="search-highlight">basin</span> reveal mechanisms of forearc <span class="search-highlight">basin</span> sediment influx events
Journal Article

Testing local and extraregional sediment sources for the Late Cretaceous northern Nanaimo basin, British Columbia, using 40 Ar/ 39 Ar detrital K-feldspar thermochronology Open Access

V. Isava, M. Grove, J.B. Mahoney, J.W. Haggart
Journal: Geosphere
Published: 08 November 2021
Geosphere (2021) 17 (6): 2234–2261.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02395.1
... to constrain the denudation history of the local Coast Mountains batholith source region and determine the origin of extraregional sediment supplied to the basin. Strata of the northern Nanaimo Group deposited between 86 and 83 Ma (Comox and Extension formations) exhibit a 130–85 Ma age distribution...
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View PDF for article title, Testing local and extraregional sediment sources for the Late Cretaceous northern <span class="search-highlight">Nanaimo</span> <span class="search-highlight">basin</span>, British Columbia, using 40 Ar&#x2F; 39 Ar detrital K-feldspar thermochronology
Add to Citation Manager for Testing local and extraregional sediment sources for the Late Cretaceous northern <span class="search-highlight">Nanaimo</span> <span class="search-highlight">basin</span>, British Columbia, using 40 Ar&#x2F; 39 Ar detrital K-feldspar thermochronology
Journal Article

Evolution of the Late Cretaceous Nanaimo Basin, British Columbia, Canada: Definitive provenance links to northern latitudes Open Access

J. Brian Mahoney, James W. Haggart, Marty Grove, David L. Kimbrough, Virginia Isava, Paul K. Link, Mark E. Pecha, C. Mark Fanning
Journal: Geosphere
Published: 08 November 2021
Geosphere (2021) 17 (6): 2197–2233.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02394.1
... the long-standing debate over proposed large-scale, orogen-parallel terrane translation. The Nanaimo Basin (British Columbia, Canada) contains a high-fidelity record of orogenic exhumation and basin subsidence in the southwestern Canadian Cordillera that constrains the tectonic evolution of the region...
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View PDF for article title, Evolution of the Late Cretaceous <span class="search-highlight">Nanaimo</span> <span class="search-highlight">Basin</span>, British Columbia, Canada: Definitive provenance links to northern latitudes
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Journal Article

A Conceptual Model For the Preservation of Thick, Transgressive Shoreline Successions: Examples from the Forearc Nanaimo Basin, British Columbia, Canada Available to Purchase

Macy T. Jones, Shahin E. Dashtgard, James A. MacEachern
Published: 31 July 2018
Journal of Sedimentary Research (2018) 88 (7): 811–826.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2018.40
... Cretaceous Nanaimo Group, exposed on Vancouver Island and the Gulf Islands of British Columbia, Canada. The Nanaimo Basin is interpreted as a rapidly subsiding forearc basin that formed as a result of accretion of Wrangellia Terrane during subduction of the Farallon Plate beneath North America...
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View PDF for article title, A Conceptual Model For the Preservation of Thick, Transgressive Shoreline Successions: Examples from the Forearc <span class="search-highlight">Nanaimo</span> <span class="search-highlight">Basin</span>, British Columbia, Canada
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Book Chapter

Sedimentology of the Upper Cretaceus Nanaimo Basin, British Columbia Available to Purchase

Author(s)
Jory A. Pacht
Book: Cordilleran Section of the Geological Society of America
Series: DNAG, Centennial Field Guides
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.1130/0-8137-5401-1.419
EISBN: 9780813754079
... Abstract The Nanaimo Group is an assemblage of conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shale, and minor coal deposited in the Nanaimo Basin during Santonian through Maestrichtian time (Muller and Jeletzky, 1970; Ward, 1978). It crops out on southeastern Vancouver Island, the Gulf Islands of British...
Abstract
View PDF for content titled, Sedimentology of the Upper Cretaceus <span class="search-highlight">Nanaimo</span> <span class="search-highlight">Basin</span>, British Columbia
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Abstract The Nanaimo Group is an assemblage of conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shale, and minor coal deposited in the Nanaimo Basin during Santonian through Maestrichtian time (Muller and Jeletzky, 1970; Ward, 1978). It crops out on southeastern Vancouver Island, the Gulf Islands of British Columbia, and the San Juan Islands of Washington (Figs. 1, 2). Nearly continuous outcrops of the Namaimo Group occur along seacliffs on Vancouver Island, and on the Gulf and San Juan islands. Good exposures are also present along roadcuts and major rivers on Vancouver Island. Ferries from the mainland to Vancouver Island and most of the Gulf and San Juan islands can be boarded at Anacortes, Washington, and Tawassen, British Columbia, and taken to Sidney, British Columbia (approximately 20 mi, 32 km, north of Victoria on Vancouver Island), and to the San Juan and Gulf islands, respectively. Ferries can also be taken from Port Angeles, Washington, to Victoria, British Columbia. In addition, ferries run regularly between islands in both Canada and Washington. Current ferry schedules are necessary for travel in this area. Tidelands are considered public property in both Canada and the United States; access to the outcrops is available at many public beaches.

Book Chapter

Sedimentology of the Upper Cretaceus Nanaimo Basin, British Columbia Available to Purchase

Author(s)
Jory A. Pacht
Book: Cordilleran Section of the Geological Society of America
Series: DNAG, Centennial Field Guides
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.1130/0-8137-5401-1.419
EISBN: 9780813754079
... Abstract The Nanaimo Group is an assemblage of conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shale, and minor coal deposited in the Nanaimo Basin during Santonian through Maestrichtian time (Muller and Jeletzky, 1970; Ward, 1978). It crops out on southeastern Vancouver Island, the Gulf Islands of British...
Abstract
View PDF for content titled, Sedimentology of the Upper Cretaceus <span class="search-highlight">Nanaimo</span> <span class="search-highlight">Basin</span>, British Columbia
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Abstract The Nanaimo Group is an assemblage of conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shale, and minor coal deposited in the Nanaimo Basin during Santonian through Maestrichtian time (Muller and Jeletzky, 1970; Ward, 1978). It crops out on southeastern Vancouver Island, the Gulf Islands of British Columbia, and the San Juan Islands of Washington (Figs. 1, 2). Nearly continuous outcrops of the Namaimo Group occur along seacliffs on Vancouver Island, and on the Gulf and San Juan islands. Good exposures are also present along roadcuts and major rivers on Vancouver Island. Ferries from the mainland to Vancouver Island and most of the Gulf and San Juan islands can be boarded at Anacortes, Washington, and Tawassen, British Columbia, and taken to Sidney, British Columbia (approximately 20 mi, 32 km, north of Victoria on Vancouver Island), and to the San Juan and Gulf islands, respectively. Ferries can also be taken from Port Angeles, Washington, to Victoria, British Columbia. In addition, ferries run regularly between islands in both Canada and Washington. Current ferry schedules are necessary for travel in this area. Tidelands are considered public property in both Canada and the United States; access to the outcrops is available at many public beaches.

Journal Article

Petrologic evolution and paleogeography of the Late Cretaceous Nanaimo Basin, Washington and British Columbia: Implications for Cretaceous tectonics Available to Purchase

J. A. PACHT
Journal: GSA Bulletin
Published: 01 July 1984
GSA Bulletin (1984) 95 (7): 766–778.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<766:PEAPOT>2.0.CO;2
...J. A. PACHT Abstract Systematic variations in sandstone petrofacies of the Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group are related to basin evolution and uplift of surrounding tectonic provinces. A subaerially exposed horst partially separated southern and northeastern portions of the Nanaimo Basin...
View PDF for article title, Petrologic evolution and paleogeography of the Late Cretaceous <span class="search-highlight">Nanaimo</span> <span class="search-highlight">Basin</span>, Washington and British Columbia: Implications for Cretaceous tectonics
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Image
Schematic lithostratigraphic cross-section of the Nanaimo Basin, illustrating complex lateral and vertical intertonguing of constituent formations. Approximate locations of northern, central, and southern transects are shown with vertical green lines. Original concept from Bickford and Kenyon (1987). Abbreviations: Sant—Santonian; T-C—Turonian–Coniacian.

Schematic lithostratigraphic cross-section of the Nanaimo Basin, illustrati... Open Access

Published: 08 November 2021
Figure 4. Schematic lithostratigraphic cross-section of the Nanaimo Basin, illustrating complex lateral and vertical intertonguing of constituent formations. Approximate locations of northern, central, and southern transects are shown with vertical green lines. Original concept from Bickford
Image
Depositional environments within the Nanaimo basin for three different time intervals (data from Mustard, 1994; Coutts et al., 2020). Note that northern and southern Nanaimo basins are separated by the Nanoose Arch prior to early Campanian time. Not to scale. (A) 88–83 Ma: Early deposition of Comox Formation and Extension Formation took place in nonmarine to shallow-marine deltaic environments, with most sediment derived from the actively eroding southwestern Coast Mountains batholith. Coast Belt thrust system is active to the east. (B) 83–72 Ma: Rapid basin subsidence initiates and the De Courcy and Cedar District formations are deposited in deeper-water environments. The southwest Coast Mountains batholith has achieved a mature erosion surface. Denudation of the Coast Mountains batholith is now focused east of the Coast Belt thrust system. An extraregional river system that extends eastward and southward to southern Idaho has developed along the southern margin of the Coast Mountains, supplying the southern Nanaimo basin with K-feldspar and muscovite-rich sands. (C) 72–63 Ma: Continued subsidence has resulted in progradation of the submarine fan system in the southern Nanaimo basin northward into the northern Nanaimo basin and deposition of the Geoffrey, Spray, and Gabriola formations. The Coast Mountains batholith is now deeply eroded. Virtually all sediment deposited in the Nanaimo basin is extraregional in character.

Depositional environments within the Nanaimo basin for three different time... Open Access

Published: 08 November 2021
Figure 5. Depositional environments within the Nanaimo basin for three different time intervals (data from Mustard, 1994 ; Coutts et al., 2020 ). Note that northern and southern Nanaimo basins are separated by the Nanoose Arch prior to early Campanian time. Not to scale. (A) 88–83 Ma: Early
Image
Schematic representation of the evolution of the Nanaimo Basin. (A) Depositional setting of the lower Nanaimo Group during Turonian to Santonian time, showing nonmarine, marginal marine, and marine environments within a two-sided basin. (B) Depositional setting of the upper Nanaimo Group during Campanian to Paleocene time, showing easterly derived, coalescing submarine fan complexes fed by both local and extra-regional sediment sources. CMB—Coast Mountains batholith; IN—Intermontane terrane assemblage; WISZ—Western Idaho shear zone; IB—Idaho batholith; BSG—Belt Supergroup. Modified from Mustard (1994) and Mustard et al. (2007).

Schematic representation of the evolution of the Nanaimo Basin. (A) Deposit... Open Access

Published: 08 November 2021
Figure 6. Schematic representation of the evolution of the Nanaimo Basin. (A) Depositional setting of the lower Nanaimo Group during Turonian to Santonian time, showing nonmarine, marginal marine, and marine environments within a two-sided basin. (B) Depositional setting of the upper Nanaimo
Image
Schematic sedimentation rate in the northern Nanaimo Basin, calculated as stratigraphic thickness divided by time without decompaction correction. Points on the graph represent the lowermost and uppermost biostratigraphically well-constrained strata within the basin, and the central point in the Northumberland Formation (Fm.) represents a significant increase in subsidence and a major shift in provenance. Sedimentation rate is local to that area and should be considered a minimum due to the potential for sediment bypass and variable sediment compaction among measured lithologies.

Schematic sedimentation rate in the northern Nanaimo Basin, calculated as s... Open Access

Published: 08 November 2021
Figure 14. Schematic sedimentation rate in the northern Nanaimo Basin, calculated as stratigraphic thickness divided by time without decompaction correction. Points on the graph represent the lowermost and uppermost biostratigraphically well-constrained strata within the basin, and the central
Image
Schematic paleogeographic maps of the Nanaimo Basin and other Cretaceous basins in western North America. (A) Modern distribution of basins (in dark green color), batholiths, and terranes. (B) Distribution of basins, batholiths, and terranes at ca. 70–85 Ma, during deposition of the upper Nanaimo Group. The Insular assemblage, Coast Mountains batholith, Nanaimo Basin, Queen Charlotte Basin, and North Cascades are displaced ∼600 km south; the Intermontane assemblage is displaced ∼450 km south. Differential motion between the Insular and Intermontane assemblages is accommodated on known Cenozoic structures (i.e., Yalakom and Fraser–Straight Creek faults). Estimated offset is consistent with, but less than, the offset estimated by Wyld et al. (2006) and Surpless and Gulliver (2018). Note the overlap of the North Cascades with the Klamath terrane, in agreement with Brown (2012). Counterclockwise rotation of the Insular assemblage and associated units during translation is speculative but consistent with estimates from the northern Cordillera (Stamatakos et al., 2001).

Schematic paleogeographic maps of the Nanaimo Basin and other Cretaceous ba... Open Access

Published: 08 November 2021
Figure 17. Schematic paleogeographic maps of the Nanaimo Basin and other Cretaceous basins in western North America. (A) Modern distribution of basins (in dark green color), batholiths, and terranes. (B) Distribution of basins, batholiths, and terranes at ca. 70–85 Ma, during deposition
Image

KOLMOGOROV-SMIRNOV TEST RESULTS FOR NANAIMO BASIN VERSUS SOUTHERN AND BAJA ... Open Access

Published: 08 November 2021
TABLE 3. KOLMOGOROV-SMIRNOV TEST RESULTS FOR NANAIMO BASIN VERSUS SOUTHERN AND BAJA CALIFORNIA BASEMENT K-FELDSPAR 40 Ar/ 39 Ar AGES*
Image
Comparison of Nanaimo basin with Swakane Gneiss detrital zircon data. (A) Comparison of detrital zircon age distributions for the Nanaimo basin transects and the Swakane Gneiss. Samples are grouped by the presence or absence of Proterozoic ages within the sample population. 0 &lt; blue ≤ 85, 85 &lt; yellow ≤ 100, 100 &lt; red ≤ 120, 120 &lt; burgundy ≤ 180, 180 &lt; purple ≤ 230, 230 &lt; navy ≤ 300, 300 &lt; grey ≤ 1000, 1000 &lt; brown ≤ 1600, 1600 &lt; gold ≤ 2500. Note scale break at 300 Ma. Probability density functions are scaled by a factor of 10 for ages older than 300 Ma. (B) Timing of the introduction of Proterozoic ages into the Nanaimo basin and protolith of the Swakane Gneiss. Maximum burial of the Swakane Gneiss and exhumation rates of the Cascade Crystalline Core are included from Matzel et al. (2004) and Paterson et al. (2004), respectively. Swakane Gneiss detrital zircon data from Sauer et al. (2018). Kula convergence is retrieved from Woods and Davies (1982) and Doubrovine and Tarduno (2008). Constraints on regional contraction are from (c) Harrison Lake thrust belt (Journeay and Friedman, 1993), (d) East Cascade Fold belt (McGroder, 1989), (e) Taseko Lake-Bridge River Thrust Belt (Schiarizza et al., 1990), (f) East Waddington thrust belt (Rusmore and Woodsworth, 1994), (g) North Cascade Thrust Belt (Brandon et al., 1988; data presented here). MDA—maximum depositional age.

Comparison of Nanaimo basin with Swakane Gneiss detrital zircon data. (A) C... Open Access

Published: 12 February 2020
Figure 8. Comparison of Nanaimo basin with Swakane Gneiss detrital zircon data. (A) Comparison of detrital zircon age distributions for the Nanaimo basin transects and the Swakane Gneiss. Samples are grouped by the presence or absence of Proterozoic ages within the sample population. 0 < blue
Image
Paleogeographic maps of the Nanaimo basin demonstrating along-strike variability of sediment provenance and the timing of the two basin-wide events identified in this study, ca. 84 and 72 Ma. CMB—Coast Mountains Batholith; CGI—central Gulf islands; NGI—northern Gulf islands; SGI—southern Gulf islands; SJI—San Juan islands.

Paleogeographic maps of the Nanaimo basin demonstrating along-strike variab... Open Access

Published: 12 February 2020
Figure 9. Paleogeographic maps of the Nanaimo basin demonstrating along-strike variability of sediment provenance and the timing of the two basin-wide events identified in this study, ca. 84 and 72 Ma. CMB—Coast Mountains Batholith; CGI—central Gulf islands; NGI—northern Gulf islands; SGI
Image
Block model of Nanaimo Basin during early Comox Formation deposition. Within the study area, the Comox Formation was deposited upon a partially emergent Wrangellia Terrane, with the majority of the terrane submerged, exposing the shoreline to the full force of proto-Pacific Ocean storms. A rocky shoreline with high local relief result in varied energy conditions and three distinct facies associations: FA1, storm-dominated rocky shoreline; FA2, low-energy rocky shoreline; and FA3, drowned fan delta.

Block model of Nanaimo Basin during early Comox Formation deposition. Withi... Available to Purchase

Published: 19 October 2006
Fig. 11. Block model of Nanaimo Basin during early Comox Formation deposition. Within the study area, the Comox Formation was deposited upon a partially emergent Wrangellia Terrane, with the majority of the terrane submerged, exposing the shoreline to the full force of proto-Pacific Ocean storms
Journal Article

Fission-track dating of the tectonic development of the San Juan Islands, Washington Free

Samuel Y. Johnson, Robert A. Zimmermann, Charles W. Naeser, John T. Whetten
Published: 01 September 1986
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (1986) 23 (9): 1318–1330.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/e86-127
... Cretaceous Spieden Group indicate they did not participate in Late Cretaceous uplift of the southern San Juan Islands. Together with their basement (the Wrangellia terrane?), these rocks probably acted as a backstop to thrusting. The synorogenic Late Cretaceous Nanaimo basin formed north of the Haro fault...
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Journal Article

The Haslam Formation; a late Santonian-early Campanian forearc basin deposit in the insular belt of southwestern British Columbia and adjacent Washington Available to Purchase

Peter Ward, K. O. Stanley
Published: 01 September 1982
Journal of Sedimentary Research (1982) 52 (3): 975–990.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1306/212F80A3-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D
..., and volcanic rocks were the dominant source areas during the late Santonian and early Campanian. Haslam sandstone and conglomerate records the first appearance of sediment from the east in the Nanaimo Basin. Older Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) rocks of the Nanaimo Group, the Comox Formation, were derived...
View PDF for article title, The Haslam Formation; a late Santonian-early Campanian forearc <span class="search-highlight">basin</span> deposit in the insular belt of southwestern British Columbia and adjacent Washington
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Journal Article

Upper Cretaceous (Santonian-lower Campanian) foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Nanaimo Group, subsurface of the Parksville area, eastern Vancouver Island Available to Purchase

Alan McGugan
Published: 01 March 1990
Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology (1990) 38 (1): 28–38.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35767/gscpgbull.38.1.028
... of the Nanaimo Basin to the south, are documented. RÉSUMÉ Les carottes provenant de six puits de subsurface forés par la British Petroleum Minerals, division du charbon, en 1980, à des profondeurs allant jusqu’à 620 m dans la formation Trent River inférieure de la région de Parksville (sud du bassin Comox...
View PDF for article title, Upper Cretaceous (Santonian-lower Campanian) foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the <span class="search-highlight">Nanaimo</span> Group, subsurface of the Parksville area, eastern Vancouver Island
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