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(A) Amphibole compositional space in the NCMASH system. The coordinate axes are Si formula units (which follows the tschermakite exchange vector Al2Mg−1Si−1), Na (and K) occupancy of the A site (NaMgAl−1) and Na in the B site (NaAlCa−1Mg−1). The compositions of mantle amphiboles generally cluster in the grey-boxed regions. (B) Mantle amphibole compositions plotted as Si formula units (23 oxygens) versus Na+K in the A site, which is a projection onto the basal plane of Figure 1A. In the legend spinel peridotites refer to xenolith samples from alkaline basalts. Finero and Nonsberg refer to peridotite bodies from the Italian Alps that may have been sections of mantle wedge. (C) Formula units of Fe versus Cr for kaersutite amphiboles from group II type xenoliths compared with low Ti pargasitic amphiboles from all localities shown in Figure 1B. (D) K versus Na contents, in formula units, of amphiboles from various localities. Amphibole compositions for all figures are from Menzies et al. (1987), Dawson and Smith (1982), Wilkinson and Le Maitre (1987), Yaxley et al. (1998), O’Reilly and Griffin (1988), Ionov (1998), Obata (1980), Seyler and Mattson (1989), Woodland et al. (1996), Fabries et al. (2001), Frey and Prinz (1978), Zanetti et al. (1999), Obata and Morten (1987), McInnes et al. (2001), Agrinier et al. (1993), Arai et al. (1997), Gregoire et al. (2000), Gregoire et al. (2003), Dawson and Smith (1977), Waters (1987), Jones et al. (1982) and Erlank et al. (1987).

(A) Amphibole compositional space in the NCMASH system. The coordinate axes... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 January 2006
Figure 1. (A) Amphibole compositional space in the NCMASH system. The coordinate axes are Si formula units (which follows the tschermakite exchange vector Al 2 Mg −1 Si −1 ), Na (and K) occupancy of the A site (NaMgAl −1 ) and Na in the B site (NaAlCa −1 Mg −1 ). The compositions of mantle
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P-T plot for the NCMASH system for low-grade metabasites, projected from water, quartz and chlorite. Diagram plotted using GEO-CALC software (Berman et al., 1987; Berman, 1988). Dashed reaction lines are calculated for activities of minerals in sample R1. CHEPPAQ (Chl-H2O-Ep-Pmp-Prh-Act-Qtz) point represents division between higher and lower pressure bathozone for low grade metabasites (Powell et al., 1993). Grey ornamented area represents lower and upper temperature limits for reaction 5Pmp + 3Qtz → 7Prh + 3Ep + Chl + 5H2O, based on mineral activities for the Calingasta samples 5274 and 5270 respectively. Thin solid black line represents reaction curve for 2Qtz + 5Prh + Chl → Tr + 4Ep + 6H2O, (onset of greenschist facies) using mineral activities calculated for sample 5297. Two grey solid lines represent geothermal gradients of 30 and 35°C km−1. Model activities used for P-T calculation follow those given by Frey et al. (1991).

P-T plot for the NCMASH system for low-grade metabasites, projected from wa... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2005
Fig. 7. P-T plot for the NCMASH system for low-grade metabasites, projected from water, quartz and chlorite. Diagram plotted using GEO-CALC software ( Berman et al. , 1987 ; Berman, 1988 ). Dashed reaction lines are calculated for activities of minerals in sample R1. CHEPPAQ (Chl-H 2 O-Ep-Pmp
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Estimates of P–T conditions of blueschist-facies metamorphism recorded in the Hakoishi sub-unit. Jadeite isopleths are from Brown & Ghent (1983). For details of metamorphic reactions Pmp + Lws = Cz + Clc, Pmp + Lws = Cz + Gln and Lws + Gln = Pmp + Clc in the NCMASH system and Lws + Mrbk = Pmp + Clc + Hem in the NCMAFe3+SH system see text. Gray ellipses show the inferred metamorphic P–T conditions of Zone1, the transition zone, and Zone 2. Abbreviations: Zeo, zeolite facies; GS, greenschist facies.

Estimates of P–T conditions of blueschist-facies metamorphism recorded in... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 December 2016
Fig. 9 Estimates of P–T conditions of blueschist-facies metamorphism recorded in the Hakoishi sub-unit. Jadeite isopleths are from Brown & Ghent (1983) . For details of metamorphic reactions Pmp + Lws = Cz + Clc, Pmp + Lws = Cz + Gln and Lws + Gln = Pmp + Clc in the NCMASH system and Lws
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Comparison of the prograde path experienced by the top and bottom of a subducting oceanic slab with a convergence rate of 10 cm/y and a shear stress component of 67 MPa from Peacock (1993a), showing the change in water content along the two paths for a basaltic rock composition based on mineral equilibria in the NCMASH system, also from Peacock (1993a). The base of the crust, because it is cooler, will not undergo as much prograde devolatilization and hence will retain more fluids for recycling during exhumation. Metamorphic facies abbreviations: EB – epidote blueschist; LC – lawsonite chlorite; PA – pumpellyite actinolite; PrA – prehnite actinolite; PP – prehnite pumpellyite; Z – zeolite.

Comparison of the prograde path experienced by the top and bottom of a subd... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 February 2002
based on mineral equilibria in the NCMASH system, also from Peacock (1993 a ) . The base of the crust, because it is cooler, will not undergo as much prograde devolatilization and hence will retain more fluids for recycling during exhumation. Metamorphic facies abbreviations: EB – epidote blueschist
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P–T grid for equilibria in the system NCMASH with activity of H2O = 0.9, showing the calculated limiting reactions for the epidote-blueschist facies for the amphibole compositions #5 after Evans (1990). EBS, epidote-blueschist paragenesis; LBS, lawsonite-blueschist paragenesis; GS, greenschist paragenesis. The stability field of the aragonite with Tmax estimated by the RSCM method is shown. In the same way, we reported the Tmax conditions of the blue amphibole sample 16-200a. The continuous black line corresponds to the mean value of Tmax and the shades of grey to the error bars. Mineral abbreviations are as in the study by Evans (1990).

P – T grid for equilibria in the system NCMASH with activity of H 2 O = 0.... Available to Purchase

Published: 12 July 2018
Fig. 9. P – T grid for equilibria in the system NCMASH with activity of H 2 O = 0.9, showing the calculated limiting reactions for the epidote-blueschist facies for the amphibole compositions #5 after Evans (1990) . EBS, epidote-blueschist paragenesis; LBS, lawsonite-blueschist paragenesis; GS
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Mineral projections in the system NCMASH + FeO + Fe2O3. Mineral compositions and assemblages are based on a representative model topology for prehnite–pumpellyite-facies rocks (Springer et al. 1992, Bevins & Robinson 1993, Beiersdorfer & Day 1995). Point “B” is a model composition based on the average basalt of Le Maitre (1976). Point “Cpx” is a typical composition of relict igneous clinopyroxene in these rocks (Xenophontos 1984). (A) Epidote projection. Plotting coordinates: AF′ = (Al2O3 + Fe2O3) – Na2O – 0.75 CaO, F = FeO, M = MgO. (B) Chlorite projection. Plotting coordinates: A′ = Al2O3 – 0.2(MgO + FeO) – Na2O, C = CaO, F = Fe2O3.

Mineral projections in the system NCMASH + FeO + Fe 2 O 3 . Mineral composi... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 February 2005
F ig . 5. Mineral projections in the system NCMASH + FeO + Fe 2 O 3 . Mineral compositions and assemblages are based on a representative model topology for prehnite–pumpellyite-facies rocks ( Springer et al. 1992 , Bevins & Robinson 1993 , Beiersdorfer & Day 1995 ). Point “B
Journal Article

Net-Transfer Reactions and Modal Spaces For Ultramafic Slivers, Vermont Appalachians, USA Available to Purchase

Ian W. Honsberger, Jo Laird
Published: 01 September 2018
The Canadian Mineralogist (2018) 56 (5): 821–846.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.1700071
... & Albee 1979 ). Metasomatic reactions at Belvidere Mountain were more diverse than at Stockbridge. The MSHC system evolved into one of a NCMASH, CMASH, or CMASHC space ( Fig. 9 ), depending on the reactants. Pure talc (steatite) zones bordering serpentinite zones formed by the addition of Si 4+ , loss...
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View PDF for article title, Net-Transfer Reactions and Modal Spaces For Ultramafic Slivers, Vermont Appalachians, USA
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Controls of P-T path and element mobility on the formation of corundum pseudomorphs in Paleoproterozoic high-pressure anorthosite from Sittampundi, Tamil Nadu, India Available to Purchase

Priyadarshi Chowdhury, Moumita Talukdar, Pulak Sengupta, Sanjoy Sanyal, Dhruba Mukhopadhyay
Published: 01 October 2013
American Mineralogist (2013) 98 (10): 1725–1737.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2013.4350
... the formation of the SCP. Al and Fe were mobile at the grain scale but remained immobile in the scale of a thin section. Activity adjusted partial petrogenetic grid in the systems Na 2 O-CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -H 2 O (NCASH) and Na 2 O-CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -H 2 O (NCMASH) along with the mineralogy of the rocks...
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View PDF for article title, Controls of P-T path and element mobility on the formation of corundum pseudomorphs in Paleoproterozoic high-pressure anorthosite from Sittampundi, Tamil Nadu, India
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(a) Activity adjusted partial petrogenetic grid in the system Na2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O (NCASH) and Na2O-CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O (NCMASH) involving the minerals those are relevant to this study. P-T stability fields of the peak assemblage Crn1+Pl+Am+Czo1 (C1PACz) and retrograded assemblages Spl+Pl+Czo (SPCz) and Crn2+Czo+Chl (C2CzCh) of the studied anorthosite are shaded. Lines marked a and b represent the temperature range estimated from the enclosing BIF. I1–3 and I* are the invariant points in the NCMASH and NCASH systems, respectively. (b) Metamorphic P-T path deduced from the SCP-bearing anorthosite. “x” and “y” represent the P-T ranges for the peak and retrograde assemblages as obtained from the mafic granulites by Bhaskar Rao et al. (1996) (see text). The bold and dashed line with an arrow head represents the probable P-T path traversed by the studied rock. Some of the reaction lines and labels are omitted for clarity. The abbreviations for phases are after Kretz (1983).

( a ) Activity adjusted partial petrogenetic grid in the system Na 2 O-CaO-... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 October 2013
Figure 6 ( a ) Activity adjusted partial petrogenetic grid in the system Na 2 O-CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -H 2 O (NCASH) and Na 2 O-CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -H 2 O (NCMASH) involving the minerals those are relevant to this study. P-T stability fields of the peak assemblage Crn 1 +Pl+Am+Czo 1 (C 1
Journal Article

THE FIRST APPEARANCE OF ACTINOLITE IN THE PREHNITE–PUMPELLYITE FACIES, SIERRA NEVADA, CALIFORNIA Available to Purchase

Howard W. Day, Robert K. Springer
Published: 01 February 2005
The Canadian Mineralogist (2005) 43 (1): 89–104.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.43.1.89
...F ig . 5. Mineral projections in the system NCMASH + FeO + Fe 2 O 3 . Mineral compositions and assemblages are based on a representative model topology for prehnite–pumpellyite-facies rocks ( Springer et al. 1992 , Bevins & Robinson 1993 , Beiersdorfer & Day 1995 ). Point “B...
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View PDF for article title, THE FIRST APPEARANCE OF ACTINOLITE IN THE PREHNITE–PUMPELLYITE FACIES, SIERRA NEVADA, CALIFORNIA
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Molar compositions in the model system Na2O – CaO – MgO – Al2O3 – SiO2 – H2O (NCMASH). Phase compositions are shown in projection from quartz, albite and H2O, with transformed coordinates for plotting (Al2O3 – Na2O), CaO, and MgO. Heavy lines show limited solid-solutions, described in text. Point “B” is a model composition based on the average basalt of Le Maitre (1976) that is less aluminous than the Cln–Czo join. The sodic amphibole glaucophane (Gln) is the only phase that contains essential sodium. Other sodic and sodic–calcic amphiboles such as eckermannite and richterite project to positions below the CaO–MgO join. Symbols: An anorthite, Di diopside, Lmt laumontite, Lws lawsonite; others as in Table 1.

Molar compositions in the model system Na 2 O – CaO – MgO – Al 2 O 3 – SiO... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 February 2005
F ig . 1. Molar compositions in the model system Na 2 O – CaO – MgO – Al 2 O 3 – SiO 2 – H 2 O (NCMASH). Phase compositions are shown in projection from quartz, albite and H 2 O, with transformed coordinates for plotting (Al 2 O 3 – Na 2 O), CaO, and MgO. Heavy lines show limited solid
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Subgreenschist facies metamorphism of metabasites from the Precordillera terrane of western Argentina; constraints on the later stages of accretion onto Gondwana Available to Purchase

Doug ROBINSON, Richard E. BEVINS, Nora RUBINSTEIN
Published: 01 May 2005
European Journal of Mineralogy (2005) 17 (3): 441–452.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2005/0017-0441
...Fig. 7. P-T plot for the NCMASH system for low-grade metabasites, projected from water, quartz and chlorite. Diagram plotted using GEO-CALC software ( Berman et al. , 1987 ; Berman, 1988 ). Dashed reaction lines are calculated for activities of minerals in sample R1. CHEPPAQ (Chl-H 2 O-Ep-Pmp...
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View PDF for article title, Subgreenschist facies metamorphism of metabasites from the Precordillera terrane of western Argentina; constraints on the later stages of accretion onto Gondwana
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Calibrations of modal space for metamorphism of mafic schist Available to Purchase

Alan Bruce Thompson, Jo Laird
Published: 01 May 2005
American Mineralogist (2005) 90 (5-6): 843–856.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2005.1717
... equilibria in simplified systems for mafic schists (CMASH, CFMASH, NCMASH), and second with pseudosection thermodynamic calculations determining mineral composition and mode for the same bulk compositions as used in the experiments. One discontinuous reaction and five continuous reactions in CMASH...
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View PDF for article title, Calibrations of modal space for metamorphism of mafic schist
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EARTH’S MATERIALS: MINERALS AND ROCKS.: By Gautam Sen, Prentice-Hall, Inc. New Jersey, 2001, 542 p. Available from Textbook Source at $69.27. Available to Purchase

Dexter Perkins
Published: 01 May 2002
American Mineralogist (2002) 87 (5-6): 803–804.
... to another, sometimes lacking segues. In some places, important ideas get sidetracked needlessly. For instance, Chapter 4 includes brief confusing discussions of uniaxial and biaxial indicatrices that will not help students use an optical microscope. Chapter 16 uses jargon to describe chemical systems (e.g...
View PDF for article title, EARTH’S MATERIALS: MINERALS AND ROCKS.: By Gautam Sen, Prentice-Hall, Inc. New Jersey, 2001, 542 p. Available from Textbook Source at $69.27.
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Figure 9. Interpreted pressure-temperature evolution of Lopez Structural Complex based on X-ray diffraction and preliminary fluid-inclusion analysis (Gillaspy, 2004). Gray line shows estimated pressure-temperature path of Brandon et al. (1988), with peak conditions constrained by aragonite + lawsonite ± prehnite and interpreted zone of prehnite + law-sonite stability (zone prh1). Prehnite-out reactions 3 (Frey et al., 1991) and 10 (Perkins et al., 1980) constrain maximum temperatures during vein formation. Zone prh2 is the zone of maximum prehnite stability from Frey et al. (1991), depending on composition of fluid and activities of minerals in the system NCMASH. Thrusts and normal faults formed above reaction 1 or 1′ (upper shaded zone). Prehnite overgrowth and strike-slip faulting likely occurred in lower shaded zone (below reaction 9), but could be at somewhat lower pressure and higher temperature (in zone prh2). Fluid-inclusion analysis (Gillaspy, 2004) suggests trapping of aqueous inclusions along the fluid inclusion isochore, and our suggested decompression path (dashed bold line). Mineral abbreviations are as in Frey et al. (1991). Sources for phase equilibria in numbered reactions: 1—Boettcher and Wyllie (1968) and Crawford and Hoersch (1972); 1′—Redfern et al. (1989); 2—Newton and Smith (1967); 3–8—Frey et al. (1991); 9–10—Perkins et al. (1980).

Figure 9. Interpreted pressure-temperature evolution of Lopez Structural Co... Available to Purchase

Published: 01 May 2007
) , depending on composition of fluid and activities of minerals in the system NCMASH. Thrusts and normal faults formed above reaction 1 or 1′ (upper shaded zone). Prehnite overgrowth and strike-slip faulting likely occurred in lower shaded zone (below reaction 9), but could be at somewhat lower pressure
Journal Article

Episodic burial metamorphism in the Andes—A viable model? Available to Purchase

R.E. Bevins, D. Robinson, L. Aguirre, M. Vergara
Journal: Geology
Published: 01 August 2003
Geology (2003) 31 (8): 705–708.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/G19605.1
... as prehnite-pumpellyite facies, whereas the Rio Damas, with the absence of prehnite, is assigned to the pumpellyite-actinolite facies. However, analysis of the pumpellyite-actinolite assemblage in the NCMASH (Na 2 O-CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -H 2 O) system suggests that the change from prehnite-pumpellyite...
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Phase relations of lawsonite-blueschists and their role as a water-budget monitor: a case study from the Hakoishi sub-unit of the Kurosegawa belt, SW Japan Available to Purchase

Eitaro Sato, Takao Hirajima, Kenta Yoshida, Kenichiro Kamimura, Yoshikazu Fujimoto
Published: 01 December 2016
European Journal of Mineralogy (2016) 28 (6): 1029–1046.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2016/0028-2573
...Fig. 9 Estimates of P–T conditions of blueschist-facies metamorphism recorded in the Hakoishi sub-unit. Jadeite isopleths are from Brown & Ghent (1983) . For details of metamorphic reactions Pmp + Lws = Cz + Clc, Pmp + Lws = Cz + Gln and Lws + Gln = Pmp + Clc in the NCMASH system and Lws...
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View PDF for article title, Phase relations of lawsonite-blueschists and their role as a water-budget monitor: a case study from the Hakoishi sub-unit of the Kurosegawa belt, SW Japan
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High P-T phase relations and stability of a (21)-hydrous clinopyribole in the system K 2 O-Na 2 O-CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -H 2 O: An experimental study to 18 GPa Available to Purchase

Jürgen Konzett, Stefanie L. Japel
Published: 01 July 2003
American Mineralogist (2003) 88 (7): 1073–1083.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2003-0716
... MPP-type pyriboles in the CaO-MgO-SiO 2 -H 2 O (CMSH) and Na 2 O-CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -H 2 O (NCMASH) systems with a stoichiometry □ Ca 4 Mg 7 Si 12 O 34 (OH) 2 and NaCa 4 Mg 7 AlSi 11 O 34 (OH) 2 , which are equivalent to tremolite + 2 diopside and edenite + 2 diopside, respectively. Bulk...
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View PDF for article title, High P-T phase relations and stability of a (21)-hydrous clinopyribole in the <span class="search-highlight">system</span> K 2 O-Na 2 O-CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -H 2 O: An experimental study to 18 GPa
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Experimental and infrared characterization of the miscibility gap along the tremolite-glaucophane join Available to Purchase

David M. Jenkins, Michael A. Carpenter, Ming Zhang
Published: 01 April 2014
American Mineralogist (2014) 99 (4): 730–741.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2014.4590
... they model the complete spectrum of compositional variations from lower-pressure greenschist to higher-pressure blueschist facies rocks in the iron-free system Na 2 O-CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -H 2 O (NCMASH). Understanding the thermodynamic mixing properties along this join will serve as an important...
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View PDF for article title, Experimental and infrared characterization of the miscibility gap along the tremolite-glaucophane join
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Geochronology of very low-grade Mesozoic Andean metabasites; an approach through the K–Ar, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar and U–Pb LA-MC-ICP-MS methods Available to Purchase

VERóNICA OLIVEROS, LUIS AGUIRRE, DIEGO MORATA, ANTONIO SIMONETTI, MARIO VERGARA, MAURICIO BELMAR, SERGIO CALDERóN
Published: 01 March 2008
Journal of the Geological Society (2008) 165 (2): 579–584.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492007-113
... on mineral chemistry and thermodynamic modelling on the Na 2 O–CaO–MgO–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 –H 2 O (NCMASH) basaltic system, a minimum value for the invariant CHEPPAQ (chlorite–water–epidote–prehnite–pumpellyite–actinolite–quartz) point was established as 260 °C and 1.1 kbar ( Robinson et al . 2004...
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