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Millenbach Mine
Mineralogy and geochemistry of an Archean tuffaceous exhalite: the Main Contact Tuff, Millenbach mine area, Noranda, Quebec
Wall-rock alteration at the Millenbach Cu-Zn mine, Noranda, Quebec
Abstract The stratigraphy of the Central Mine Sequence is remarkably well preserved and we 11 exposed. A 1 though disrupted by numerous northeast and northwest striking faults, the volcanic rocks have suffered little of the penetrative deformation typically associated with greenschist-facies regional metamorphism elsewhere in the region. The volcanic stratigraphy in the tour area comprises subaqueous andes it i c and rhyo 1 it i c flows with 1 ess than 5 % pyroclastic and epiclastic rocks. In a “younging” direction, and from west to east, formations include: The Flavrian Andesite, the Northwest Rhyolite, the Rusty Ridge Andesite, the Amulet Rhyolite, the Millenbach-Waite Andesite, the Millenbach QFP RhyoliteWaite Rhyolite, the Amulet Andesite, the Newbec Rhyolite and the Newbec Andesite (Fig. 5). Formations strike north-northeast, are gently folded about east-west trending and plunging axes, and dip from 5 to 55° to the east {Fig. 4). The stratigraphy of the Central Mine Sequence is thought to represent the infilling of a primary volcano-tectonic depression or caldera (Dimroth et al., 1982; Gibson, 1989). Hydrothermal vents are coincident with volcanic vents and both show a strong spatial association to major synvolcanic faults which were active at various stages during successive collapse of the Noranda Caldera. Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide {VMS) deposits, although clustered above the Amulet Rhyolite formation (Fig. 5), are scattered throughout 2 000 (+) m of stratigraphy and within individual deposits massive sulphide lenses may be stacked over vertical distances approaching 300m {Amulet Upper and Lower A, Fig. 8). VMS deposits are of the
A. Geological cross section through the Amulet A and C orebodies marked as ...
U-Pb Geochronology of the Blake River Group, Abitibi Greenstone Belt, Quebec, and Implications for Base Metal Exploration,
A NORMALIZATION SOLUTION TO MASS TRANSFER ILLUSTRATION OF MULTIPLE PROGRESSIVELY ALTERED SAMPLES USING THE ISOCON DIAGRAM
Regional geologic map of the Rouyn-Noranda mining district modified from Sc...
Seismic Imaging of the Geologic Framework and Structures Related to Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposits in the Archean Rouyn-Noranda District, Quebec, Canada
Discriminating Superimposed Alteration Associated with Epigenetic Base and Precious Metal Vein Systems in the Rouyn-Noranda Mining District, Quebec; Implications for Exploration in Ancient Volcanic Districts
CONSONORM_LG: New Normative Minerals and Alteration Indexes for Low-Grade Metamorphic Rocks
Least-altered and precursor rock compositions. (a) Kidd Creek: open squares...
Alkali-Alumina and MgO-Alumina Molar Ratios of Altered and Unaltered Rhyolites
Spherulitic Aphyric Pillow-Lobe Metatholeiitic Dacite Lava of the Timmins Area, Ontario, Canada: A New Archean Facies Formed from Superheated Melts
A Special Issue on Alteration Associated with Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposits, and Its Exploration Significance
Sulphur Isotopic Composition of Ingaldhal Sulphides, Karnataka State, India
The Geology of the Volcanic-associated Polymetallic (Zn, Cu, Ag and Au) Selbaie Deposits, Abitibi, Quebec, Canada
Abstract The Noranda camp in the southern Abitibi greenstone belt comprises over 20 volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits hosted by volcanic rocks of the 2704–2695 Ma Blake River Group. Decades of research and exploration have provided a firm understanding of the characteristics of these deposits as well as the geological controls on deposit location. Observations made on the deposits of the Noranda camp significantly contributed to the syngenetic model of massive sulfide formation and shaped the current understanding of ancient and modern sea-floor hydrothermal systems. The Horne and Quemont deposits, which are the largest deposits in the Noranda camp, are hosted by 2702 Ma felsic volcanic successions dominated by volcaniclastic rocks. The massive sulfide ores of these deposits largely formed through processes of subseafloor infiltration and replacement of the highly permeable wall rocks. Laterally extensive hydrothermal alteration halos dominated by chlorite and sericite surround the replacement ores. The Horne deposit formed in an extensional setting in a graben bounded by synvolcanic faults. Rapid extension accompanying deposit formation resulted in the upwelling of mantle-derived mafic melts and the emplacement of a thick package of mafic rocks in the stratigraphic hanging wall of the deposit. Most of the massive sulfide deposits in the Noranda camp are hosted by a 2700–2698 Ma bimodal volcanic succession that formed in a large volcanic subsidence structure to the north. The ~2,000-m-thick lava flow-dominated volcanic package is floored by the large, multiphase, synvolcanic Flavrian pluton. The deposits in this part of the Noranda camp are small (<5 million tonnes) and primarily formed as sulfide mounds on the ancient sea floor. Synvolcanic structures provided cross-stratal permeability for the hydrothermal fluids and controlled the location of volcanic vents. Thin tuffaceous units mark the sea-floor positions hosting the massive sulfide mounds within the flow-dominated volcanic succession. The concordant massive sulfide lenses overlie discordant alteration pipes composed of chlorite- and sericite-altered rocks. Contact metamorphism associated with the emplacement of the ~2690 Ma Lac Dufault pluton converted the hydrothermal alteration pipes into cordierite-anthophyllite assemblages. Recent brownfields exploration successes have demonstrated that massive sulfide discoveries are still possible in one of Canada’s most mature mining camp through three-dimensional geological modeling performed at the camp scale. Geologic target generation through computer modeling has reversed the general trend of progressively deeper exploration with time in the Noranda camp. Deep exploration currently focuses on the reevaluation of a previously uneconomic low-grade ore zone at the Horne deposit.