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NARROW
GeoRef Subject
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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Quebec (1)
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North America
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Appalachian Basin (1)
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Great Lakes region (1)
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elements, isotopes
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metals
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rare earths (1)
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geologic age
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Paleozoic
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Devonian
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Middle Devonian
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Tioga Bentonite (1)
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Ordovician
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Middle Ordovician
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Deicke Bentonite Bed (1)
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Trenton Group (1)
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Upper Ordovician (1)
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Tippecanoe Sequence (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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K-bentonite (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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eclogite (1)
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minerals
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silicates
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sheet silicates
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clay minerals
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smectite (1)
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illite (1)
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mica group
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Primary terms
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Canada
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Eastern Canada
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Quebec (1)
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clay mineralogy (2)
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crust (2)
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crystal structure (1)
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epeirogeny (1)
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faults (1)
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geochemistry (1)
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heat flow (1)
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mantle (1)
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metals
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rare earths (1)
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metamorphic rocks
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eclogite (1)
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North America
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Appalachian Basin (1)
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Great Lakes region (1)
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orogeny (2)
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Paleozoic
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Devonian
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Middle Devonian
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Tioga Bentonite (1)
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Ordovician
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Middle Ordovician
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Deicke Bentonite Bed (1)
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Trenton Group (1)
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plate tectonics (1)
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks (1)
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clastic rocks
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tectonics (2)
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sedimentary rocks
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sedimentary rocks
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carbonate rocks (1)
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volcaniclastics (1)
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sediments
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volcaniclastics (1)
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Milbrig Bentonite
Mineral and rock discrimination diagrams for magmatic source and tectonic s...
THREE-DIMENSIONAL CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF ILLITE-SMECTITE MINERALS IN PALEOZOIC K-BENTONITES FROM THE APPALACHIAN BASIN
Late Ordovician (Chatfieldian) catastrophic volcanism and abrupt carbonate platform-interior subsidence: A tectonic link across a Taconian foreland basin (Québec Embayment) due to inherited crustal weakness
Plate convergence, consumption, collision, coupling, capture, and formation of mantle waves—Linkages to global orogenesis and epeirogeny
ABSTRACT Widespread episodes of major contractional orogenesis correlate commonly with ages of high-pressure eclogitic rocks formed during bottom-driven, induced subduction of crustal terranes. Rapid exhumation of the deeply emplaced crust has led to the development of the concept of a “tectonic dunk.” The dunk process is a hallmark component of a suite of linked tectonic, magmatic, metamorphic, and sedimentologic processes that systematically follow plate interactions, including collision, coupling, and capture resulting in plate reconfiguration and changes of movement. Plate capture, which takes place during mechanical connection of plates within a “clutch” zone, is followed generally by an abrupt transition to plate stretching in response to drag or plate spin. Plate stretch, which is accommodated during drag by a network of complementary strike-slip and normal faults or during spin by regional domains of transtension, is recorded by “postorogenic,” back-arc extension, basin formation, and magmatism, extensive domains of which comprise large igneous provinces. As a captured continental plate is dragged or rotates, ductile mantle is disrupted and displaced by protuberances, such as a slab coupled against the base of an overriding plate and/or orogenic roots extending down from a cratonic core. The mantle turbulence resembles a wave-like ship’s wake with tsunami-like movement, albeit below crust. The arrival of a moving mantle bulge or wave is inferred to be focused along continental plate margins where subduction is induced, as recorded by magmatism and eclogitic rocks that form during deep emplacement of crustal terranes. Concurrent shortening of crust in the vicinity of the plate margin is inferred from inversion and uplift of marginal rift basins, obduction, and development of fold-and-thrust belts. As the mantle wave passes beneath plate interiors, tens to hundreds of meters of uplift, recorded by oceanic atolls, continental stream incision, regional unconformities, and local transitions to evaporite within shelf settings, record epeirogeny. After passage of the wave, common development of sheet-like bodies of quartzose sandstone, especially during the early Paleozoic, suggest postwave, regional subsidence. Resumption and re-invigoration of extension are recorded by eduction of dunked crust and conspicuous, widespread, volcanic eruptions recorded by tuffaceous layers intercalated with carbonaceous black shale within broad basins developed above thickened crust.
Caledonian tectonics
Abstract The Caledonian Orogeny lasted from the late Cambrian to the Devonian with the main collisional events occurring during Ordovician and Silurian times. Direct evidence of the extent of this orogenic event across central Europe is limited because of the lack of outcrops of this age. The Caledonian Orogeny, together with the subsequent Variscan and Alpine orogenies, is one of a succession of major tectonic events which have defined the geological evolution of Central Europe. Thus, the present configuration and condition of the lithosphere of central Europe is the result of superimposed periods of deformation (Fig. 7.1 ). Consequently, a wide range of investigative techniques needs to be employed to unravel these events in order to determine the properties of the various elements of the Caledonides and to elucidate the evolution of the Caledonian Orogeny. Additionally, evidence of the orogeny is deeply buried beneath thick successions of younger sediments, e.g. Dutch and North German Basin, or has been reworked extensively by later events, e.g. Belgium or to the SE of the Trans-European Suture Zone. The word ‘Caledonia’, the Latin name for northern Scotland, was used by Eduard Suess (1885-1909) not only to describe a geographic region but also to indicate an orogen he termed ‘Caledonisches Gebirge’. Furthermore, Suess was the first to put his definition into a tectonic context: ‘Die in der Kaledonischen Faltungsära gebildeten Gebirge treten vor allem in Irland, Wales, Schottland und im Westteil Skandinaviens in Erscheinung’. [The mountains built during the Caledonian folding era appear particularly in Ireland,