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Journal Article

Geochemistry and tectonic setting of mafic rocks in western Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica: implications for the geodynamic evolution of the Proterozoic Maud Belt

Eugene G. Grosch, Avinash Bisnath, Hartwig E. Frimmel, Warwick S. Board
Published: 01 March 2007
Journal of the Geological Society (2007) 164 (2): 465–475.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492005-152
... of pre- to syntectonic amphibolite are distinguished in the polymetamorphic Maud Belt of western Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Protoliths of the Group 1 amphibolites are interpreted as volcanic arc mafic intrusions with Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic Nd model ages and depletion in Nb and Ta...
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View PDF for article title, Geochemistry and tectonic setting of mafic rocks in western Dronning <span class="search-highlight">Maud</span> Land, East Antarctica: implications for the geodynamic evolution of the Proterozoic <span class="search-highlight">Maud</span> <span class="search-highlight">Belt</span>
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Journal Article

The structural evolution of the Straumsnutane and western Sverdrupfjella areas, western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica: implications for the amalgamation of Gondwana

Adam Bumby, Geoffrey H. Grantham, Neo Geogracious Moabi
Published: 10 February 2020
Geological Magazine (2020) 157 (9): 1428–1450.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756819001523
...Adam Bumby; Geoffrey H. Grantham; Neo Geogracious Moabi Abstract The study area is located across the Kalahari Craton – Maud Belt boundary in Dronning Maud Land (DML), Antarctica. The ∼1100 Ma Maud Belt in the east is situated where the ∼900–600 Ma East African and ∼530–500 Ma Kuunga orogenies...
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View PDF for article title, The structural evolution of the Straumsnutane and western Sverdrupfjella areas, western Dronning <span class="search-highlight">Maud</span> Land, Antarctica: implications for the amalgamation of Gondwana
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Journal Article

Metamorphic and age constraints on crustal reworking in the western H.U. Sverdrupfjella: implications for the evolution of western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

Eugene G. Grosch, Hartwig E. Frimmel, Tamer Abu-Alam, Jan Košler
Published: 21 May 2015
Journal of the Geological Society (2015) 172 (4): 499–518.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2014-090
...Eugene G. Grosch; Hartwig E. Frimmel; Tamer Abu-Alam; Jan Košler Abstract A petrological and metamorphic comparison of Mesoproterozoic metabasic rocks was conducted on the eastern margin of the Archaean Kaapvaal–Grunehogna Craton and the adjacent westernmost Maud Belt (western H.U. Sverdrupfjella...
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View PDF for article title, Metamorphic and age constraints on crustal reworking in the western H.U. Sverdrupfjella: implications for the evolution of western Dronning <span class="search-highlight">Maud</span> Land, Antarctica
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A new geodynamic tectonothermal model depicting the crustal evolution of western Dronning Maud Land. It is proposed herein that the western part of the Maud Belt initially formed part of the Archaean Kaapvaal–Grunehogna Craton (KGC) margin, prior to major Grenville-aged and Pan-African age high-grade tectonothermal metamorphism. It is shown that during Gondwana assembly, the entire southeasternmost Kaapvaal–Grunehogna Craton margin represented by the western H.U. Sverdrupfjella at Straumsvola experienced major tectonothermal reworking at upper amphibolite-facies conditions. Tectonic juxtaposition of the eastern H.U. Sverdrupjella (EHUS) crustal segment onto the western H.U. Sverdrupfjella (WHUS; craton margin) occurred during late Pan-African times (c. 500 Ma), during diachronous east–west Pan-African accretion and tectonism. Earliest peak metamorphic conditions at c. 565 ± 11 Ma in the eastern H.U. Sverdrupjella crustal segment predated peak upper amphibolite-facies metamorphism in the easternmost Kaapvaal–Grunehogna Craton margin (i.e. western H.U. Sverdrupfjella) recorded at c. 500 Ma. This more complex Pan-African model for western Dronning Maud Land is in sharp contrast to previously suggested crustal evolution models proposing a Namaqua–Natal–Maud Belt juvenile volcanic arc that experienced only late Mesoproterozoic granulite-facies metamorphism in the western Maud Belt (see Jacobs et al. 1993, 1996, 2003, 2008a,b; Grantham et al. 1995; Groenewald et al. 1995). PJD, Pencksökket–Jutulstraumen Discontinuity. OC = Other craton, EAC = East Antarctic Craton.

A new geodynamic tectonothermal model depicting the crustal evolution of we...

Published: 21 May 2015
Fig. 11. A new geodynamic tectonothermal model depicting the crustal evolution of western Dronning Maud Land. It is proposed herein that the western part of the Maud Belt initially formed part of the Archaean Kaapvaal–Grunehogna Craton (KGC) margin, prior to major Grenville-aged and Pan-African
Journal Article

Detrital zircon U–Pb ages of the Palaeozoic Natal Group and Msikaba Formation, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: provenance areas in context of Gondwana

CLARISA VORSTER, JAN KRAMERS, NIC BEUKES, HERMAN VAN NIEKERK
Published: 07 August 2015
Geological Magazine (2016) 153 (3): 460–486.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756815000370
... of the Mozambique Belt (Mozambique) and the Maud Belt (Antarctica) made lesser contributions. In view of the apparent broad similarity of source areas for the Natal Group and Msikaba Formation, their sedimentation occurred in parts of the same large and evolving basin rather than localized in small continental...
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View PDF for article title, Detrital zircon U–Pb ages of the Palaeozoic Natal Group and Msikaba Formation, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: provenance areas in context of Gondwana
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Western Dronning Maud Land shown in the context of the East African–Antarctic Orogen in a Gondwana supercontinent configuration (modified after Jacobs et al. 1993, 1998, 2003, Jacobs et al. 2008a,b). (a) Major Pan-African crustal reworking of the entire Maud Belt and Kaapvaal–Grunehogna Craton margin with the Pencksökket–Jutulstraumen Discontinuity representing a major Pan-African thrust on the southeastern edge of the Kaapvaal–Grunehogna Craton margin. (b) Preferred P–T–t path for southeastern Kaapvaal–Grunehogna Craton margin including the western Maud Belt (western H.U. Sverdrupfjella) shown in red, compared with P–T constraints in the eastern H.U. Sverdrupjella of Board et al. (2005). SR, Shackleton Range (Shackelton 1996); HF, Heimefrontfjella; SF, Sverdrupfjella; KW, Kirwenveggen; GF, Gjelsvikfjella; CDML, central Dronning Maud Land; SL, Sri Lanka; NNP, Namaqua–Natal Province or Belt; FMA, Foster Magnetic Anomaly; PJD, Pencksökket–Jutulstraumen Discontinuity, GC, Grunehogna Craton. LHB = Lutzow-Holm Block, YB = Yamato-Belgica Block, SD = Sør Rondane, HSZ = Heimefront Shear Zone, C = Coats Land, FM = Falkland Islands Microplate.

Western Dronning Maud Land shown in the context of the East African–Antarct...

Published: 21 May 2015
Fig. 12. Western Dronning Maud Land shown in the context of the East African–Antarctic Orogen in a Gondwana supercontinent configuration (modified after Jacobs et al . 1993 , 1998 , 2003 , Jacobs et al . 2008 a , b ). ( a ) Major Pan-African crustal reworking of the entire Maud Belt
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A: Map showing sample locations and Pb isotopic provinces from Flowerdew et al. (2012). Pb provinces are shaded: red—Dronning Maud Land; pink—Shackleton; orange—Pensacola; yellow—Ellsworth. Filled shapes indicate rock exposure. Major catchment areas and ice streams shown by dark and pale blue dashed lines, respectively. Arrow in the Weddell Sea indicates flow direction of the Weddell Gyre. Within ice streams, crosshatching indicates areas with high bed roughness and basal shear stresses, whereas horizontal fills show regions with low roughness basal shear stress (Joughin et al., 2006; Bingham et al., 2007; Bamber et al., 2006). The geophysically imaged extent of the Coats Land block (Studinger and Miller, 1999) and Read Mountains (RM) magnetic anomaly are outlined in red and dashed red lines, respectively. B: Regional geological and tectonic framework adapted from Veevers and Saeed (2012), showing one possible interpretation of the subglacial geology. 1—Archean Grunehogna craton; 2—Read Mountains Paleoproterozoic gneisses; 3—magnetically defined Recovery terrane (inferred Paleoproterozoic or Archean); 4—magnetically defined South Pole terrane; 5—late Mesoproterozoic Maud belt; 5a—inferred extension of late Mesoproterozoic Maud belt by this study into the Coats Land block; 6—Late Mesoproterozoic volcanic and older crystalline basement of the Coats Land block; 7—Maud belt strongly reworked by the late Neoproteorozoic to Cambrian East African–Antarctic orogeny; 8—Cambrian Ross orogeny; 8a—Read Mountains terrane inferred by this study to be reworked during the Ross orogeny; 9—accreted Paleozoic terranes; HN—Haag Nunataks; LN—Littlewood Nunataks.

A: Map showing sample locations and Pb isotopic provinces from Flowerdew e...

Published: 01 February 2013
Mesoproterozoic Maud belt; 5a—inferred extension of late Mesoproterozoic Maud belt by this study into the Coats Land block; 6—Late Mesoproterozoic volcanic and older crystalline basement of the Coats Land block; 7—Maud belt strongly reworked by the late Neoproteorozoic to Cambrian East African–Antarctic orogeny
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U–Pb age constraints on titanite growth in a symplectite assemblage of upper amphibolite-facies sample EG-16 determined by laser-ablation ICP-MS. (a) Terra-Wasserburg concordia plot for the Plesovice zircon standard. (b) Terra-Wasserburg plot for the Khan titanite standard. (c) Tera–Wasserburg concordia plot showing data point error ellipses and lower intercept age at c. 491 ± 27 Ma. (d) Histogram plot of lower intercept ages indicating a late Pan-African age for the peak upper amphibolite-facies metamorphism in the westernmost Maud Belt at Straumsvola. Shaded background reference ages representing volcanic arc formation and polyphase metamorphism in the Maud Belt are after Board et al. (2005).

U–Pb age constraints on titanite growth in a symplectite assemblage of uppe...

Published: 21 May 2015
–Wasserburg concordia plot showing data point error ellipses and lower intercept age at c . 491 ± 27 Ma. ( d ) Histogram plot of lower intercept ages indicating a late Pan-African age for the peak upper amphibolite-facies metamorphism in the westernmost Maud Belt at Straumsvola. Shaded background reference
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(a) Simplified map showing the best estimate of true distance between the westernmost Maud Belt and easternmost Grunehogna Craton margin (red arrow). The light green and orange shaded areas mark estimates of the inferred subglacial geology of the Grunhogna Craton and the Maud Belt, respectively, on map. (b) The inferred or reconstructed subglacial bedrock topography across the Pencksökket–Jutulstraumen Discontinuity along the red arrow in (a) using the seismic data of Näslund (1998) and Melvold &amp; Rolstad (2000) and the new petrological data presented in the current study. Using the inferred subglacial metamorphic and structural geology, it is proposed herein that the Pencksökket–Jutulstraumen Discontinuity represents a major Pan-African thrust zone, which was reactivated by normal faulting to form a graben during Gondwana break-up. JPFZ = Jutulstraumen-Pencksokket Fault Zone.

( a ) Simplified map showing the best estimate of true distance between the...

Published: 21 May 2015
Fig. 10. ( a ) Simplified map showing the best estimate of true distance between the westernmost Maud Belt and easternmost Grunehogna Craton margin (red arrow). The light green and orange shaded areas mark estimates of the inferred subglacial geology of the Grunhogna Craton and the Maud Belt
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Summary diagram showing P–T constraints on metamorphic conditions at Nashornkalvane (eastern Grunehogna Craton) and Straumsvola (W.H.U.S., western H.U. Sverdrupfjella; western Maud Belt) compared with those from eastern Maud Belt (eastern H.U. Sverdrupfjella; Board et al. 2005). A metamorphic hiatus of T = 350–400°C and P c. 0.6 GPa across the Jutulstraumen glacier should be noted. Granulite-facies conditions are derived from mafic boudins after Groenewald &amp; Hunter (1991) and Groenewald et al. (1995). Aluminosilicate triple point is after Bohlen et al. (1991). Reactions (13), (14) and (15) are from Pattison (2003) calculated on the basis of a pargasite composition with XMg = 0.5. Reaction (16) is the approximate position of the wet tonalite solidus (Piwinskii 1968; Johannes 1978; Wyllie &amp; Wolf 1993).

Summary diagram showing P – T constraints on metamorphic conditions at Na...

Published: 21 May 2015
Fig. 9. Summary diagram showing P – T constraints on metamorphic conditions at Nashornkalvane (eastern Grunehogna Craton) and Straumsvola (W.H.U.S., western H.U. Sverdrupfjella; western Maud Belt) compared with those from eastern Maud Belt (eastern H.U. Sverdrupfjella; Board et al . 2005
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Map showing the location of the study area in western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, spanning the Jutulstraumen Glacier, the geological provinces and localities of maps in Figure 4 and 12 in WDML. Note the inferred thrust fault boundary between east and west Sverdrupfjella (after Grosch et al.2015; Grantham et al.2019) separating the Maud Belt from CDML terrane.

Map showing the location of the study area in western Dronning Maud Land, A...

Published: 10 February 2020
Grosch et al. 2015 ; Grantham et al. 2019 ) separating the Maud Belt from CDML terrane.
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Tectonic map of western Dronning Maud Land (modified after Board et al. 2005) showing an inferred (this study) major Pan-African thrust between the Grunehogna Craton and the Maud Belt. Sample localities at Nashornkalvane South (072°19.06S, 001°57.46W) and the outcrop near Straumsvola (072°09.775, 000°14.52W) are shown (map of Straumsvola nunatak in the inset is after Harris &amp; Grantham 1993). HSZ, Heimefront Shear Zone; PJD, Pencksökket–Jutulstraumen Discontinuity.

Tectonic map of western Dronning Maud Land (modified after Board et al . ...

Published: 21 May 2015
Fig. 1. Tectonic map of western Dronning Maud Land (modified after Board et al . 2005 ) showing an inferred (this study) major Pan-African thrust between the Grunehogna Craton and the Maud Belt. Sample localities at Nashornkalvane South (072°19.06S, 001°57.46W) and the outcrop near Straumsvola
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 N-type MORB-normalized multi-element variation diagrams (after Pearce 1983) for the Nashornkalvane sill and the Maud Belt amphibolites (shown as grey field) in comparison with data available for the Borgmassivet Suite mafic sills.

N-type MORB-normalized multi-element variation diagrams (after Pearce 1983...

Published: 01 March 2007
Fig. 4.  N-type MORB-normalized multi-element variation diagrams (after Pearce 1983 ) for the Nashornkalvane sill and the Maud Belt amphibolites (shown as grey field) in comparison with data available for the Borgmassivet Suite mafic sills.
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 La/Yb v. Dy/Yb plot showing differences in LREE and HREE chemistry in the Maud Belt amphibolites. Various geochemically distinct groups of amphibolite can be distinguished. Symbols and abbreviations used for amphibolite groups are as in Figure 3.

La/Yb v. Dy/Yb plot showing differences in LREE and HREE chemistry in the M...

Published: 01 March 2007
Fig. 5.  La/Yb v. Dy/Yb plot showing differences in LREE and HREE chemistry in the Maud Belt amphibolites. Various geochemically distinct groups of amphibolite can be distinguished. Symbols and abbreviations used for amphibolite groups are as in Figure 3 .
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Simplified geological map of a portion of reconstructed Gondwana showing correlated units between the different continental blocks. The study area location is shown along the boundary of the Kalahari Craton and Maud Belt. Abbreviations for Sri Lanka are WC = Wanni Complex, HC = Highlands Complex, VC = Vijayana Complex and KK = Kataragama Klippen. The blue line reflects the nappe extent inferred in this study.

Simplified geological map of a portion of reconstructed Gondwana showing co...

Published: 10 February 2020
Fig. 2. Simplified geological map of a portion of reconstructed Gondwana showing correlated units between the different continental blocks. The study area location is shown along the boundary of the Kalahari Craton and Maud Belt. Abbreviations for Sri Lanka are WC = Wanni Complex, HC = Highlands
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Reconstructions in present-day North American coordinates demonstrating general compatibility of paleomagnetic data (Table DR2; see footnote 1). A: With geological restoration of Coats Land crustal block against southern Laurentia (LAR) near southwestern termination of Midcontinent rift system (Fig. 1 inset) ca. 1100 Ma (dashed black line shows approximate position of future Grenville front; uncertainty of location in SW Laurentia indicated by question mark [?]). B: With inferred juxtaposition of Kalahari (KAL) and LAR–Coats Land across Maud belt ca. 1000 Ma. C (dark blue)—Coats Land crustal block; G (light blue)—Grunehogna terrane of Kalahari craton. Grenvillian-age belts (in black): GR—Grenville; NN—Namaqua-Natal; M—Maud. FM (red dot)—Franklin Mountains; L (green square)—Llano. Poles are color coded with continent or terrane of origin. Individual poles are identified by letters in Table DR2.

Reconstructions in present-day North American coordinates demonstrating gen...

Published: 01 September 2011
rift system ( Fig. 1 inset) ca. 1100 Ma (dashed black line shows approximate position of future Grenville front; uncertainty of location in SW Laurentia indicated by question mark [?]). B: With inferred juxtaposition of Kalahari (KAL) and LAR–Coats Land across Maud belt ca. 1000 Ma. C (dark blue
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Tectonic schematic interpretation of the relationships between the Grunehogna Craton, the Maud Belt and the EAO Namuno-nappe structure. Single-headed blue arrows reflect senses of shear between different blocks related to D1. Double-headed red arrows reflect inferred senses of shear between different blocks related to D2/3. The types of structures observed with inferred deformational age are shown, as well as relative schematic location in the section of geographic localities reported in the text.

Tectonic schematic interpretation of the relationships between the Grunehog...

Published: 10 February 2020
Fig. 16. Tectonic schematic interpretation of the relationships between the Grunehogna Craton, the Maud Belt and the EAO Namuno-nappe structure. Single-headed blue arrows reflect senses of shear between different blocks related to D 1 . Double-headed red arrows reflect inferred senses of shear
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Photographs of geological outcrops at nunataks exposed on the western and eastern margins of the Jutulstraumen–Pencksökket Glacier. (a–c) Mafic sill at Nashornkalvane South nunatak, intruding volcano-sedimentary beds dipping c. 25° towards the SE. (d–f) Outcrop south of the Straumsvola syenite complex displaying the Jutulrora Banded Gneiss Complex with amphibolitic boudins along the westernmost part of the Maud Belt. The boudins are syntectonic with respect to the regional S2 fabric.

Photographs of geological outcrops at nunataks exposed on the western and e...

Published: 21 May 2015
of the Straumsvola syenite complex displaying the Jutulrora Banded Gneiss Complex with amphibolitic boudins along the westernmost part of the Maud Belt. The boudins are syntectonic with respect to the regional S 2 fabric.
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Geological map of the Sistefjell group of nunataks. The shape of the Sistefjell syenite is interpreted from aeromagnetic data (Corner 1994). The margin of the Sistefjell quartz syenite is only observed on the south side of Sistenup, and the outline of the complex is schematic, although there are some geological reasons for drawing the margin close to the south side of Sistefjell (see text). The inset map shows their position in western Dronning Maud Land. The Jutulstraumen-Pencksokket glaciers separate the Grunehogna Craton in the west from the Maud Belt. Note that H.U. Sverdrupfjella refers to the mountain range to the west of the Jutulstraumen Glacier; the Sverdrupfjella Group comprises rocks from both the H.U. Sverdrupfjella and the Kirwanveggen mountain range to the east of the Jutulstraumen. The lower diagram shows the field relations of dykes and sills, which intrude the syenite as, exposed in the north face of Sistefjell directly below the summit.

Geological map of the Sistefjell group of nunataks. The shape of the Sistef...

Published: 01 September 2002
, although there are some geological reasons for drawing the margin close to the south side of Sistefjell (see text). The inset map shows their position in western Dronning Maud Land. The Jutulstraumen-Pencksokket glaciers separate the Grunehogna Craton in the west from the Maud Belt. Note that H.U
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Maps showing the location of some Palaeoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic igneous units on (A) the proto-Kalahari Craton, that later became part of (B) the Kalahari Craton. The location of the Puduhush gabbro is shown as a black star. A=Areachap Terrane; BL=Bushmanland Terrane; CKP=Choma-Kaloma Block; CL=Colesberg lineament; DB=Damara Belt; FI=Falkland Islands; GB=Gariep Belt; GC=Grunehogna, Antarctica; H=Haag Nunatak, Antarctica; LMC=Limpopo Metamorphic Complex; KA=Kaaien Terrane; KB=Kheis Belt; KC=Kaapvaal Craton; KK=Kakamas Terrane; KP=Konkiep Terrane; MG=Magondi Belt; MdB=Maud Belt, Antarctica; MR=Margate Terrane; MT=Mzumbe Terrane; NNB=Namaqua-Natal Belt; O=Okwa Block; RI=Richtersveld Block; RB=Rehoboth Block; SB=Saldania Belt; SGCB=Sinclair-Ghanzi-Chobe Belt; TT=Tugela Terrane; TML=Thabazimbi-Murchison; ZB=Zambezi Belt; ZC=Zimbabwe Craton (modified after de Kock et al., 2019; 2021).

Maps showing the location of some Palaeoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic igne...

Published: 01 March 2023
=Choma-Kaloma Block; CL=Colesberg lineament; DB=Damara Belt; FI=Falkland Islands; GB=Gariep Belt; GC=Grunehogna, Antarctica; H=Haag Nunatak, Antarctica; LMC=Limpopo Metamorphic Complex; KA=Kaaien Terrane; KB=Kheis Belt; KC=Kaapvaal Craton; KK=Kakamas Terrane; KP=Konkiep Terrane; MG=Magondi Belt; MdB=Maud