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all geography including DSDP/ODP Sites and Legs
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Australasia
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Australasia
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carbon
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volcanic rocks
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basalts
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isotopes
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Mesozoic
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metals
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sedimentary structures
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sediments
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soils
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Date
Availability
Mangakahia Group
The diagenesis of spherulitic carbonate concretions and other rocks from Mangakahia Group sediments, Kaipara Harbour, New Zealand
Engineering behaviour and mechanical–empirical relationships for a problematic New Zealand tropical residual soil
Detrital zircon geochronology and sandstone provenance of basement Waipapa Terrane (Triassic–Cretaceous) and Cretaceous cover rocks (Northland Allochthon and Houhora Complex) in northern North Island, New Zealand
Origin of spherulitic and cone-in-cone concretions in Cambro-Ordovician black shales, St Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada
Deep-Sea Deposits in But Not on the Continents
Formation and emplacement of the Northland ophiolite, northern New Zealand: SW Pacific tectonic implications
Metal-sulfate Salts from Sulfide Mineral Oxidation
A stratigraphic unit converted to fault rocks in the Northland Allochthon of New Zealand: Response of a siliceous claystone to obduction
A spectacular, dense network of cataclastic faults characterizes the Late Cretaceous Ngatuturi Claystone, a massive and mechanically almost isotropic siliceous mudstone. It is part of a Cretaceous to late Oligocene shelf sequence deposited NE of New Zealand that was translated SW in the late Oligocene with the Northland Allochthon in an obduction event associated with southward propagation of a new convergent plate boundary. The allochthon was reactivated in the Miocene, forming the southward-moving substrate of the Waitemata piggyback basin. The cataclasites are submillimeter- to several centimeters–thick black seams that were formed without contemporaneous open tensile fractures, because any fault asperities were immediately ground away. Riedel shear patterns are prominent at all scales, due to multiple reactivation of preexisting fault surfaces. Some fault arrays are so closely spaced that they resemble a cleavage compatible with large-scale folds in the Ngatuturi Claystone. Movement on such faults has allowed formation of structures that appear mesoscopically ductile. More than twenty phases of cross-cutting structures (events E1–E22) are part of the following stages of tectonic development: (I) northeastward thrusting in an accretionary prism; (II) southward transport in the Northland Allochthon; (III) southwestward movement during the main phase of allochthon emplacement; (IV) renewed southward movement of the allochthon; (V) sliding during sedimentation of the Miocene Waitemata Group; and (VI) further intrabasinal thrusting to the south. During the pre-Miocene phases (I–IV), the cataclasites fault network allowed the Ngatuturi Claystone to deform in a macroscopically ductile manner, simultaneously acting as a dynamic aquiclude, thereby facilitating high fluid pressures in the surrounding rocks.