...’ Ridersia and sister group of a clade encompassing Macrocystella -like glyptocystitoid rhombiferans from the Furongian onwards. By filling in an important morphological gap, Sanducystis provides a clear understanding of character evolution within Glyptocystitida. Figure 3. Reconstruction...

... respiratory structures, but problems arose because the putative glyptocystitid Macrocystella lacks them. Ubaghs (1968) and Sprinkle (1973) interpreted the diagnosis of Glyptocystitida literally and considered Macrocystella to be an eocrinoid with strong affinities to glyptocystitids. Conversely, Paul...

...? ?--- Macrocystella mairae 1111? -011- 13–0 -0-0- ----- ----- 3110? 1--- Hemicosmites pocillum 1111? -01?- 33–0 -0-0- ----- ----- 31101 1--- Stephanocrinus gemmiformis 1111? -011- 15–0 -0-0- ----- ----- 31100 1--- Eumorphocystis...

... ridges in early glyptocystitoids, such as Macrocystella and several undescribed taxa from the Early Ordovician of the Great Basin. Plate surfaces more commonly exhibit a prominent tumid center, not unlike but less conspicuous than that in the callocystitid Brockocystis , giving the surface...

... cup ray plating in disparid crinoids: ‘Compound radials’ and ‘biradials,’ below). Terminology for blastozoans follows Parsley ( 1982 ; Eumorphocystis Branson and Peck, 1940 ), Paul ( 1968 ; Macrocystella Callaway, 1877 ), Ubaghs ( 1968 ; Rhopalocystis Ubaghs, 1963 ), and Sprinkle ( 1973...

... of the cystoid Pleurocystites , E. Billings, 1854 : Zoological Society of London Symposium , v. 20 , p. 105 – 121 . Paul C.R.C. , 1968 , Macrocystella Callaway, the earliest glyptocystitid cystoid : Palaeontology , v. 11 , p. 580 – 600 . Puchalski S.S. Eernisse D.J. Johnson C.C...

... Formation of the Taebaeksan Basin. This material comprises more than 40 specimens of cornute stylophorans, with numerous isolated plates and columnals of a Macrocystella -like rhombiferan blastozoan. This study focuses on the description of three cornute stylophorans, Sokkaejaecystis serrata n. gen...

..., 1973 Hemicosmites pocillum Jaekel, 1899 Macrocystella mairae Callaway, 1877 Rhopalocystis destombesi Ubaghs, 1963 Stephanocrinus gemmiformis Conrad, 1842 Mitrate stylophoran Ceratcystis perneri Jaekel, 1901 Crinoids Aethocrinus moorei Ubaghs...

... as Macrocystella Callaway, 1877 in the Tremadoc (Paul, 1968 ). Figure 5. Coronocystis angulatus (Wood, 1909 ) USNM 113309. ( 1 ) Stereophotos of the oral area to show the ‘BD different’ pattern of primary brachioles. Ambulacra B (mid right) and D (lower left) have the first two brachiole facets...

... ( 1968 ) for Macrocystella , Ubaghs ( 1968 ) for Rhopalocystis , and Sprinkle ( 1973 ) for Cambrian eocrinoids. Following the results of recent phylogenetic and character analyses (Guensburg et al., 2016 , 2020 , 2021 ), we continue to find strong evidence that specific calycinal plate systems...

... laterals, four, five, six or ten radials, and seven orals (after Paul & Rozhnov, 2016 , p. 260). Remarks . Although genera, such as Macrocystella , Callaway, 1877 , and Amecystis Ulrich & Kirk, 1921 , which lack respiratory structures, and Cuniculocystis Sprinkle & Wahlman, 1994...

... Macrocystella is widely recognized as a basal glyptocystitoid rhombiferan even though it lacks the respiratory structures traditionally ‘diagnostic’ of the Glyptocystida (Paul, 1968 ; Sprinkle, 1973 ; Zamora et al., 2016 ). All of these considerations are highly important when considering patterns...

..., indicate that the presence or absence of rhomb-shaped respiratory structures has little bearing on whether taxa are or are not included within the traditionally diagnosed group rhombifera (Brochu and Sumrall, 2001 ; Zamora et al., 2016 ). Some early taxa, such as Macrocystella Callaway, 1877...

... , ‘synziphosurine’, xiphosurid, chasmataspidid, eurypterids, cheloniellid, Pseudoangustidontus duplospineus , phyllocarid, ostracod, lepadomorph barnacle Echinoderms: including a somasteroid, Balantiocystis, Rhopalocystis, Macrocystella, Aristocystites, Palaeosphaeronites, Plasiacystis, Ramseyocrinus...