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Lower Cretaceous
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Viking Formation (4)
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Upper Jurassic
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Upper Triassic
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upper Mesozoic (2)
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MIS 3 (1)
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Paleozoic
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Terreneuvian
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Middle Cambrian
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Marjum Formation (2)
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Wheeler Formation (2)
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Pioche Shale (1)
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Upper Cambrian
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Furongian
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Steptoean (3)
-
-
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Carboniferous
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Lower Carboniferous
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Dinantian (7)
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Mabou Group (1)
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Mississippian
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Lower Mississippian
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Kayak Shale (1)
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Kekiktuk Conglomerate (1)
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Madison Group (2)
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Middle Mississippian
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Visean (3)
-
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Upper Mississippian (2)
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Windsor Group (2)
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Pennsylvanian
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Joggins Formation (1)
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Lower Pennsylvanian (1)
-
Middle Pennsylvanian (1)
-
Morien Group (1)
-
Morrow Formation (1)
-
Upper Pennsylvanian (2)
-
-
Upper Carboniferous
-
Stephanian (1)
-
Westphalian (2)
-
-
-
Catskill Formation (1)
-
Cow Head Group (7)
-
Devonian
-
Beaverhill Lake Group (1)
-
Keg River Formation (4)
-
Lost Burro Formation (1)
-
Lower Devonian
-
Coeymans Formation (1)
-
Emsian (5)
-
Gedinnian (1)
-
Lochkovian (3)
-
Manlius Formation (2)
-
-
Middle Devonian
-
Eifelian (4)
-
Elk Point Group (2)
-
Givetian
-
Horn Plateau Formation (2)
-
upper Givetian (2)
-
-
Marcellus Shale (1)
-
Nahanni Formation (1)
-
Prairie Evaporite (1)
-
Sulphur Point Formation (2)
-
Winnipegosis Formation (1)
-
-
Miette Complex (1)
-
Muth Quartzite (1)
-
Old Red Sandstone (3)
-
Popovich Formation (1)
-
Ramparts Formation (1)
-
Slave Point Formation (5)
-
Upper Devonian
-
Famennian
-
upper Famennian (1)
-
-
Frasnian
-
Leduc Formation (1)
-
-
Grosmont Formation (2)
-
Huron Member (1)
-
Nisku Formation (1)
-
Ohio Shale (1)
-
-
Waterways Formation (1)
-
-
Earn Group (1)
-
Ellis Bay Formation (2)
-
Endicott Group (2)
-
Hanson Creek Formation (1)
-
Horton Group (2)
-
Keyser Limestone (1)
-
Lisburne Group (5)
-
lower Paleozoic
-
Cape Phillips Formation (5)
-
-
Ordovician
-
Antelope Valley Limestone (1)
-
Lower Ordovician
-
Arenigian (2)
-
Fillmore Formation (1)
-
Ibexian (2)
-
Saint George Group (2)
-
Tremadocian (3)
-
-
Martinsburg Formation (1)
-
Middle Ordovician
-
Black River Group (1)
-
Darriwilian (3)
-
Saint Peter Sandstone (1)
-
Whiterockian (1)
-
-
Pogonip Group (1)
-
Trenton Group (2)
-
Upper Ordovician
-
Ashgillian (1)
-
Bighorn Dolomite (1)
-
Caradocian (2)
-
Cincinnatian
-
Maysvillian (2)
-
Richmondian (1)
-
-
Edenian (1)
-
Hirnantian (3)
-
Katian (4)
-
Mohawkian (2)
-
Queenston Shale (1)
-
Red River Formation (1)
-
Sandbian (2)
-
Trentonian (1)
-
Wufeng Formation (1)
-
-
Utica Shale (2)
-
Vinini Formation (1)
-
-
Permian
-
Ecca Group (1)
-
Echooka Formation (2)
-
Guadalupian
-
Roadian (1)
-
Tansill Formation (1)
-
Wordian (1)
-
-
Lower Permian
-
Cisuralian
-
Artinskian (1)
-
Kungurian (3)
-
Sakmarian (1)
-
-
Leonardian
-
Clear Fork Group (1)
-
-
Wichita Group (1)
-
-
Maokou Formation (1)
-
Middle Permian (3)
-
Phosphoria Formation (2)
-
Upper Permian
-
Changxing Formation (1)
-
Permian-Triassic boundary (2)
-
Raniganj Formation (1)
-
Zechstein (1)
-
-
Yates Formation (1)
-
-
Road River Formation (4)
-
Sauk Sequence (1)
-
Silurian
-
Lower Silurian
-
Llandovery (8)
-
Wenlock
-
Sheinwoodian (2)
-
-
-
Middle Silurian (3)
-
Niagaran (1)
-
Upper Silurian
-
Cayugan (1)
-
Ludlow (3)
-
Pridoli (3)
-
-
-
Supai Formation (1)
-
Talchir Formation (1)
-
upper Paleozoic
-
Bakken Formation (2)
-
-
Weber Sandstone (1)
-
-
Phanerozoic (23)
-
Precambrian
-
Archean
-
J-M Reef (1)
-
Mesoarchean (2)
-
Neoarchean
-
Sargur Group (1)
-
-
Yellowknife Group (3)
-
-
Biwabik Iron Formation (1)
-
Chuar Group (3)
-
Gunflint Iron Formation (3)
-
Hadean (1)
-
Lewisian Complex (2)
-
Nipissing Diabase (2)
-
Nonesuch Shale (1)
-
Noonday Dolomite (1)
-
North Shore Volcanics (2)
-
Osler Series (1)
-
Prince Albert Group (1)
-
Purcell System (1)
-
Stillwater Complex (1)
-
Transvaal Supergroup (1)
-
Uinta Mountain Group (1)
-
upper Precambrian
-
Proterozoic
-
Athabasca Formation (3)
-
Huronian (1)
-
Hutuo Group (1)
-
Keweenawan
-
Portage Lake Lava Series (1)
-
-
Lewisian (1)
-
Mesoproterozoic
-
Belt Supergroup (1)
-
Calymmian (1)
-
Freda Sandstone (1)
-
Gawler Range Volcanics (1)
-
Helikian (1)
-
Hiltaba Suite (1)
-
Roper Group (1)
-
Stenian (1)
-
-
Miette Group (1)
-
Neoproterozoic
-
Cryogenian (4)
-
Dengying Formation (1)
-
Doushantuo Formation (2)
-
Ediacaran (22)
-
Marinoan (2)
-
Nantuo Formation (2)
-
Otavi Group (1)
-
Riphean (1)
-
Sturtian (4)
-
Tonian (5)
-
Torridonian (3)
-
Vendian (8)
-
-
Oronto Group (1)
-
Paleoproterozoic
-
Aphebian
-
Hurwitz Group (1)
-
-
Baker Lake Group (1)
-
Orosirian (1)
-
Statherian (1)
-
Wollaston Group (1)
-
-
Sinian
-
Dengying Formation (1)
-
Doushantuo Formation (2)
-
Nantuo Formation (2)
-
-
Windermere System (4)
-
-
-
-
Rhenohercynian (1)
-
-
igneous rocks
-
agglutinates (1)
-
igneous rocks
-
carbonatites (9)
-
feldspathoid rocks (2)
-
kimberlite (17)
-
plutonic rocks
-
anorthosite (1)
-
diabase (15)
-
diorites
-
plagiogranite (1)
-
tonalite (2)
-
-
gabbros
-
olivine gabbro (1)
-
troctolite (1)
-
-
granites
-
aplite (2)
-
monzogranite (4)
-
-
granodiorites (5)
-
ijolite (1)
-
lamproite (4)
-
lamprophyres
-
camptonite (1)
-
-
monzonites (3)
-
pegmatite (11)
-
quartz monzonite (1)
-
syenites
-
albitite (3)
-
nepheline syenite
-
agpaite (1)
-
miaskite (1)
-
-
shonkinite (1)
-
-
ultramafics
-
peridotites
-
dunite (3)
-
spinel lherzolite (1)
-
-
pyroxenite (1)
-
-
-
porphyry (3)
-
volcanic rocks
-
andesites (4)
-
basalts
-
alkali basalts (1)
-
flood basalts (6)
-
mid-ocean ridge basalts (7)
-
ocean-island basalts (2)
-
olivine tholeiite (1)
-
tholeiite (3)
-
tholeiitic basalt (2)
-
trap rocks (1)
-
-
dacites (1)
-
glasses
-
palagonite (1)
-
-
keratophyre
-
albitophyre (1)
-
-
komatiite (5)
-
meimechite (1)
-
phonolites
-
tinguaite (1)
-
-
pyroclastics
-
hyaloclastite (1)
-
ignimbrite (1)
-
pumice (1)
-
tuff (10)
-
-
rhyolites
-
pantellerite (1)
-
rhyolite porphyry (1)
-
-
trachytes (3)
-
-
-
ophiolite (5)
-
volcanic ash (1)
-
-
metamorphic rocks
-
metamorphic rocks
-
amphibolites (3)
-
eclogite (1)
-
gneisses
-
granite gneiss (1)
-
orthogneiss (2)
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
granulites (4)
-
impactites (3)
-
lapis lazuli (1)
-
marbles (3)
-
metacarbonate rocks (1)
-
metaigneous rocks
-
metabasalt (1)
-
metagranite (2)
-
metatuff (1)
-
serpentinite (1)
-
-
metaplutonic rocks (1)
-
metasedimentary rocks
-
metagraywacke (1)
-
metapelite (3)
-
metasandstone (1)
-
paragneiss (1)
-
-
metasomatic rocks
-
fenite (1)
-
greisen (1)
-
serpentinite (1)
-
skarn (6)
-
-
metavolcanic rocks (13)
-
mylonites
-
pseudotachylite (2)
-
ultramylonite (1)
-
-
phyllites (1)
-
quartzites (3)
-
schists
-
greenstone (2)
-
-
slates (1)
-
-
ophiolite (5)
-
turbidite (21)
-
-
meteorites
-
meteorites
-
stony irons
-
mesosiderite
-
Vaca Muerta Meteorite (1)
-
-
-
stony meteorites
-
achondrites
-
Martian meteorites
-
SNC Meteorites
-
chassignite (1)
-
nakhlite (1)
-
shergottite (1)
-
-
-
-
chondrites
-
ordinary chondrites
-
H chondrites
-
Tieschitz Meteorite (1)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
minerals
-
alloys
-
carbides
-
cohenite (1)
-
moissanite (1)
-
-
nitrides (1)
-
-
arsenides
-
sperrylite (2)
-
-
carbonates
-
ankerite (1)
-
aragonite (14)
-
azurite (2)
-
calcite (32)
-
cerussite (1)
-
dawsonite (1)
-
dolomite (21)
-
hydrotalcite (1)
-
ikaite (3)
-
magnesian calcite (10)
-
magnesite (3)
-
malachite (2)
-
norsethite (1)
-
rhodochrosite (2)
-
shortite (1)
-
siderite (3)
-
smithsonite (1)
-
sphaerosiderite (1)
-
strontianite (1)
-
vaterite (2)
-
witherite (1)
-
-
copper minerals (1)
-
halides
-
chlorides
-
halite (2)
-
-
fluorides
-
fluorite (1)
-
humite (1)
-
topaz (1)
-
triplite (1)
-
-
-
hydrates (6)
-
minerals (4)
-
native elements
-
diamond (3)
-
graphite (4)
-
lonsdaleite (1)
-
-
organic minerals
-
amber (2)
-
-
oxides
-
alexandrite (1)
-
anatase (1)
-
baddeleyite (8)
-
brucite (1)
-
cassiterite (1)
-
chrome spinel (1)
-
chromite (3)
-
chrysoberyl (1)
-
corundum (1)
-
gahnite (2)
-
geikielite (1)
-
goethite (1)
-
hematite (8)
-
hydroxides
-
oxyhydroxides (1)
-
-
ilmenite (5)
-
iron oxides (9)
-
magnetite (11)
-
niobates
-
pyrochlore (1)
-
-
perovskite (4)
-
pitchblende (1)
-
pyrophanite (2)
-
rutile (6)
-
sapphire (3)
-
specularite (1)
-
spinel (5)
-
uraninite (10)
-
-
phosphates
-
apatite (19)
-
barbosalite (1)
-
crandallite (1)
-
fluorapatite (4)
-
graftonite (1)
-
hureaulite (1)
-
hydroxylapatite (1)
-
lazulite (1)
-
lithiophilite (1)
-
monazite (8)
-
rhabdophane (1)
-
rockbridgeite (1)
-
sarcopside (1)
-
strengite (1)
-
triphylite (1)
-
triplite (1)
-
turquoise (1)
-
vivianite (1)
-
xenotime (3)
-
-
platinum minerals (3)
-
silicates
-
aluminosilicates (2)
-
borosilicates (1)
-
chain silicates
-
amphibole group
-
clinoamphibole
-
arfvedsonite (1)
-
hornblende (1)
-
pargasite (2)
-
riebeckite (1)
-
-
-
pyroxene group
-
clinopyroxene
-
aegirine (2)
-
augite (1)
-
diopside (3)
-
jadeite (2)
-
-
orthopyroxene (2)
-
-
tobermorite (1)
-
-
framework silicates
-
feldspar group
-
alkali feldspar
-
celsian (1)
-
K-feldspar (8)
-
microcline (1)
-
orthoclase (2)
-
sanidine (2)
-
-
barium feldspar
-
celsian (1)
-
-
plagioclase
-
albite (3)
-
anorthite (1)
-
labradorite (1)
-
oligoclase (1)
-
-
-
leucite (1)
-
nepheline group
-
kalsilite (1)
-
nepheline (3)
-
-
scapolite group
-
scapolite (2)
-
-
silica minerals
-
agate (1)
-
chalcedony (2)
-
jasper (1)
-
moganite (2)
-
opal
-
opal-A (1)
-
-
quartz (13)
-
-
zeolite group
-
analcime (2)
-
phillipsite (1)
-
-
-
iron silicates (1)
-
orthosilicates
-
nesosilicates
-
garnet group
-
almandine (1)
-
andradite (1)
-
-
humite (1)
-
olivine group
-
forsterite (1)
-
olivine (9)
-
peridot (1)
-
-
sillimanite (1)
-
titanite group
-
titanite (10)
-
-
topaz (1)
-
uranophane (1)
-
zircon group
-
zircon (99)
-
-
-
sorosilicates
-
epidote group
-
allanite (2)
-
-
-
-
ring silicates
-
aquamarine (1)
-
emerald (1)
-
tourmaline group
-
dravite (1)
-
uvite (1)
-
-
-
sheet silicates
-
chlorite group
-
chamosite (1)
-
chlorite (6)
-
sudoite (2)
-
-
clay minerals
-
allophane (1)
-
dickite (1)
-
halloysite (3)
-
imogolite (1)
-
kaolinite (15)
-
montmorillonite (2)
-
nontronite (2)
-
saponite (4)
-
smectite (10)
-
vermiculite (1)
-
-
illite (16)
-
margarite (1)
-
mica group
-
biotite (3)
-
glauconite (4)
-
muscovite (8)
-
phlogopite (6)
-
-
sepiolite (1)
-
sericite (1)
-
tosudite (1)
-
-
-
sulfates
-
alunite (2)
-
anhydrite (2)
-
barite (1)
-
gypsum (3)
-
-
sulfides
-
chalcopyrite (3)
-
cinnabar (1)
-
galena (2)
-
greenockite (1)
-
iron sulfides (2)
-
laurite (1)
-
marcasite (1)
-
molybdenite (2)
-
pentlandite (1)
-
pyrite (13)
-
pyrrhotite (4)
-
sphalerite (3)
-
-
sulfosalts (1)
-
tellurides
-
altaite (1)
-
calaverite (1)
-
tellurobismuthite (1)
-
-
tungstates
-
scheelite (3)
-
-
vanadates
-
carnotite (1)
-
-
-
Primary terms
-
absolute age (170)
-
Africa
-
Central Africa
-
Burundi (1)
-
Rwanda (1)
-
-
East Africa
-
Ethiopia (1)
-
Ethiopian Rift (1)
-
Kenya (1)
-
Tanzania (3)
-
Uganda (1)
-
Zambia (1)
-
-
North Africa
-
Atlas Mountains
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (2)
-
-
-
Egypt (2)
-
Morocco
-
Moroccan Atlas Mountains
-
Anti-Atlas (2)
-
-
-
Tunisia (1)
-
-
Southern Africa
-
Kaapvaal Craton (3)
-
Karoo Basin (1)
-
Namibia (6)
-
Orange River (1)
-
South Africa
-
Bushveld Complex (1)
-
Cape fold belt (1)
-
Eastern Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
Merensky Reef (1)
-
Northern Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
Vaal River (1)
-
Western Cape Province South Africa (1)
-
-
Swaziland (1)
-
-
West Africa
-
Mali (1)
-
Niger (1)
-
Taoudenni Basin (2)
-
-
-
Antarctica
-
Amundsen Sea (1)
-
Antarctic ice sheet
-
West Antarctic ice sheet (1)
-
-
Antarctic Peninsula
-
Graham Land (2)
-
-
Ellsworth Land (1)
-
Marie Byrd Land (1)
-
South Shetland Islands
-
King George Island (1)
-
-
Victoria Land
-
McMurdo dry valleys (1)
-
-
-
Arctic Ocean
-
Alpha Cordillera (5)
-
Amerasia Basin (7)
-
Barents Sea
-
White Sea (1)
-
-
Beaufort Sea (32)
-
Canada Basin (13)
-
Chukchi Sea (9)
-
East Siberian Sea (4)
-
Eurasia Basin (4)
-
Fram Strait (2)
-
Kara Sea (4)
-
Laptev Sea (6)
-
Lomonosov Ridge (5)
-
Makarov Basin (4)
-
Mendeleyev Ridge (3)
-
Mid-Arctic Ocean Ridge (2)
-
Nares Strait (4)
-
Norwegian Sea
-
More Basin (1)
-
Voring Basin (2)
-
Voring Plateau (1)
-
-
-
Arctic region
-
Greenland
-
Disko Island (3)
-
East Greenland (6)
-
Northern Greenland (11)
-
Nuussuaq Peninsula (1)
-
Peary Land (1)
-
Skaergaard Intrusion (1)
-
South Greenland (2)
-
West Greenland (5)
-
-
Russian Arctic
-
Franz Josef Land (1)
-
New Siberian Islands (3)
-
Novaya Zemlya (1)
-
Severnaya Zemlya (1)
-
-
Svalbard
-
Spitsbergen
-
Spitsbergen Island
-
Hornsund (1)
-
-
-
-
-
Asia
-
Altai Mountains (1)
-
Amu Darya Basin (1)
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Arabian Shield (1)
-
Oman (7)
-
Qatar (1)
-
Saudi Arabia (1)
-
United Arab Emirates
-
Abu Dhabi (2)
-
-
-
Brahmaputra River (2)
-
Central Asia
-
Kazakhstan
-
Karatau Range (1)
-
-
Pamirs (1)
-
-
Chukotka Russian Federation
-
Chukchi Peninsula (2)
-
-
Far East
-
China
-
Altun Mountains (1)
-
Anshan China (1)
-
Bohaiwan Basin (12)
-
Dongpu Depression (3)
-
Fujian China (1)
-
Guiyang China (1)
-
Guizhou China (6)
-
Hubei China
-
Jianghan Basin (1)
-
-
Hunan China (2)
-
Inner Mongolia China (1)
-
Jiangsu China (1)
-
Jiangxi China (2)
-
Jilin China (1)
-
Kunlun Mountains (1)
-
Liaohe Basin (1)
-
Liaoning China
-
Liaodong Peninsula (1)
-
-
Nanling (1)
-
North China Platform (8)
-
Ordos Basin (2)
-
Qaidam Basin (3)
-
Qilian Mountains (4)
-
Qinghai China (1)
-
Shaanxi China (1)
-
Shandong China
-
Dongying Depression (5)
-
Jiyang Depression (1)
-
-
Shanxi China (1)
-
Sichuan Basin (3)
-
Sichuan China (1)
-
Songliao Basin (3)
-
South China Block (4)
-
Tarim Platform (1)
-
Xinjiang China
-
Junggar Basin (8)
-
Kuqa Depression (1)
-
Tarim Basin (3)
-
-
Xizang China (2)
-
Yangtze Platform (5)
-
Yangtze River (1)
-
Yangtze Three Gorges (1)
-
Yunnan China
-
Chengjiang China (1)
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Logan Canyon Formation (2)
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Lower Cretaceous
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Shuaiba Formation (1)
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Mowry Shale (1)
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Middle Cretaceous (5)
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Potomac Group (1)
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Qingshankou Formation (1)
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Upper Cretaceous
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Bearpaw Formation (1)
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Belly River Formation (1)
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Blackhawk Formation (1)
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Campanian (5)
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Cardium Formation (2)
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Cenomanian
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Dunvegan Formation (10)
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lower Cenomanian (1)
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upper Cenomanian (2)
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Colville Group (1)
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Honna Formation (1)
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Kanguk Formation (5)
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K-T boundary (1)
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Maestrichtian (4)
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Point Lookout Sandstone (1)
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Senonian (4)
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lower Turonian (1)
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Viking Formation (4)
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Jurassic
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Kingak Shale (5)
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Mic Mac Formation (1)
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Bathonian (2)
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Upper Jurassic
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Bowser Lake Group (1)
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Entrada Sandstone (1)
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Hanifa Formation (1)
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Kimmeridgian
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upper Kimmeridgian (1)
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Oxfordian
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middle Oxfordian (1)
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Portlandian (1)
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Tithonian (2)
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Kunga Group (3)
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Triassic
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Permian-Triassic boundary (2)
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Middle Triassic
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Anisian (1)
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Doig Formation (1)
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Montney Formation (3)
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Shublik Formation (6)
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Upper Triassic
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Norian (1)
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Sag River Sandstone (1)
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Yanchang Formation (1)
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upper Mesozoic (2)
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metal ores
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uranium
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alkali metals
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cesium
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Cs-137 (2)
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potassium
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K-40 (2)
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rubidium
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sodium (6)
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Be-10 (4)
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magnesium
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Mg-26/Mg-24 (1)
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radium
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Ra-226 (1)
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strontium
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Rb-87/Sr-86 (1)
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Sr/Ca (1)
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Sr-87/Sr-86 (32)
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aluminum
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Al-27 (2)
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antimony (1)
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hafnium
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iron
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Fe-56/Fe-54 (5)
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lead
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manganese (5)
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platinum group
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osmium
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Os-188/Os-187 (4)
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Re-187/Os-188 (1)
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neodymium
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Nd-144/Nd-143 (27)
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (7)
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samarium
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Sm-147/Nd-144 (7)
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ytterbium (1)
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Re-187/Os-188 (1)
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chondrites
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Mexico
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N-15/N-14 (3)
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neon
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radon (1)
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nodules (1)
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North America
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Basin and Range Province
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Canadian Shield
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Snowbird tectonic zone (5)
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Flin Flon Belt (2)
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Central Metasedimentary Belt (1)
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Slave Province (37)
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Superior Province
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Abitibi Belt (6)
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Kapuskasing Zone (1)
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Taltson magmatic zone (8)
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Denali Fault (3)
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Disturbed Belt (1)
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Saint Elias Mountains (4)
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Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (24)
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Western Interior
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Western Interior Seaway (5)
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Williston Basin (6)
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Leg 151
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ODP Site 909 (1)
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Leg 159
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Leg 166
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ODP Site 1008 (1)
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West Pacific
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Southwest Pacific
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Paleozoic
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Tommotian (3)
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Middle Cambrian
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Pioche Shale (1)
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Upper Cambrian
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Steptoean (3)
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Carboniferous
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Dinantian (7)
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Mabou Group (1)
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Upper Mississippian (2)
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Pennsylvanian
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Joggins Formation (1)
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Upper Carboniferous
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Stephanian (1)
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Catskill Formation (1)
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Devonian
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Lower Devonian
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Middle Devonian
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Eifelian (4)
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Horn Plateau Formation (2)
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upper Givetian (2)
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Marcellus Shale (1)
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Miette Complex (1)
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Muth Quartzite (1)
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Upper Devonian
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Famennian
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upper Famennian (1)
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Frasnian
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Leduc Formation (1)
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Grosmont Formation (2)
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Ohio Shale (1)
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Waterways Formation (1)
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Earn Group (1)
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lower Paleozoic
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Cape Phillips Formation (5)
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Ordovician
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Martinsburg Formation (1)
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Middle Ordovician
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Pogonip Group (1)
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Upper Ordovician
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Utica Shale (2)
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Permian
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Lower Permian
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Wichita Group (1)
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Maokou Formation (1)
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Changxing Formation (1)
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Yates Formation (1)
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Supai Formation (1)
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Weber Sandstone (1)
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Biwabik Iron Formation (1)
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Proterozoic
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Athabasca Formation (3)
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Lewisian (1)
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Mesoproterozoic
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Miette Group (1)
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Neoproterozoic
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Cryogenian (4)
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Dengying Formation (1)
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Ediacaran (22)
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Oronto Group (1)
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Paleoproterozoic
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Aphebian
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Hurwitz Group (1)
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Baker Lake Group (1)
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Sinian
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problematic fossils
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GeoRef Categories
Era and Period
Epoch and Age
Book Series
Date
Availability
Mackenzie Bay
Microfossils from the Early Proterozoic Hornby Bay Group, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories, Canada
Silurian Brachiopoda, Upper Allen Bay Formation, Griffiths Island, Arctic Archipelago, and Uppermost Whittaker Formation, Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories
Similar to Fig. 5 , but for Region 3: Mackenzie Bay. Dashed lines show the...
Sedimentation rates calculated for the Iperk, Akpak, and Mackenzie Bay sequ...
Geology and structural evolution of the Demarcation Subbasin and Herschel High, Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin, Arctic Canada
Hydrogeology, geopressures and hydrocarbon occurrences, Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin
Landfast ice properties over the Beaufort Sea region in 2000–2019 from MODIS and Canadian Ice Service data
Structural Setting and Validation of Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators for Amauligak Oil Field, Canadian Beaufort Sea
Abstract The Taglu gas field, discovered in 1971, is located near the outer fringe of the Mackenzie River delta, in the south-central part of the Beaufort Tertiary basin. Four wells and available seismic lines currently define about 12 sq mi (31 km 2 ) of productive area within a structural closure. The gas occurs in lower Tertiary sandstone reservoirs on the updip edge of a rotated down-to-basin fault block. The basin is filled by a deltaic clastic sequence of sandstone and shale; deposition, which prograded northward, began in Late Cretaceous time and is continuing today at the shelf edge. The southeast margin of the basin lies along the Tuk Peninsula. There, the Tertiary sediments prograded across a linear block-faulted hinge line formed of Lower Cretaceous transgressive sandstone and shale sequences overlying Paleozoic and older beds. Within the Lower Cretaceous beds, complex faulting and reservoir distribution control the hydrocarbon “play” that has yielded oil at Atkinson and gas at Parsons Lake. The southwest margin of the basin lies along the locally designated “West coastal plain” (Yukon or Arctic coastal plain) where a thick Jurassic—Lower Cretaceous sedimentary section accumulated in front of a rising mountain belt. Only a small portion of the Tertiary-Cretaceous basin extends onto the onshore part of this southwest margin. Offshore, the younger strata thicken abruptly into Mackenzie Bay and the Beaufort Sea. During Tertiary time, the rapidly deposited, prograded sediments in the basin became involved in a partly gravity-induced, detached style of structural deformation. This deformation, which contrasts with the high-angle, basement-involved block faulting of the margins, has created diapirlike, shale-cored structures and growth faults. The association of these structures with prospective reservoir sequences has resulted in the style of hydrocarbon accumulation represented by the Taglu gas field. Associated with sedimentation and deformation of this type is the phenomenon of overpressure, which has been encountered in most wells in the Mackenzie River delta. It is caused by undercompaction of fine-grained impermeable sediments, whereby pore waters are unable to escape and must support part of the weight of overburden. Organic material within the Beaufort Tertiary strata has a predominantly terrestrial character. This fact, combined with low maturation levels, probably accounts for the predominance of gas and condensate discovered to date in the Beaufort Tertiary basin. In the Taglu field, gas is produced from multiple sandstone reservoirs, probably of Eocene age, in a 1,700-ft (518 m) stratigraphic delta-front sequence below 7,700 ft (2,347 m). Gas columns of up to 1,700 ft (518 m) fill the closure almost to the spillpoint. The gas is usually wet and consists of 91-96 percent methane and 4-9 percent heavy hydrocarbons (C 2+ ), with no hydrogen sulfide. Wet-gas reserves are estimated to be in excess of 3 Tcf. About 75 percent of the Taglu gas reservoirs consists of beach and stream-mouth bar sandstones; distributary-channel sandstones make up approximately 15 percent and shoreface sandstones about 10 percent. Net sandstone thicknesses in the wells range from about 450 to 600 ft (135-185 m). The abundant, organic-rich, delta-front shales interbedded with the reservoir sandstones are the most likely source of the hydrocarbons. Therefore, a relatively small drainage area is required. An immature woody material, possibly with some biodegradation, is indicated as the hydrocarbon source by the relatively high aromatic content of the associated condensates. The condensates have API gravities ranging from 33 to 48°, and a very low sulfur content. Oil gravities range from 17 to 32° API. Pour points range from +45ºF (+7.22ºC) in a paraffinic oil to –55ºF (–48.33ºC) in a naphthenic oil. The low gravity and pour point of some of the oils may be due to biodegradation which removed paraffins by bacterial action.